{"id":52714,"date":"2019-11-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-14T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/trigeneratsiya-alternativa-tsentralizovannomu-energosnabzheniyu"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:30","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:30","slug":"trigeneratsiya-alternativa-tsentralizovannomu-energosnabzheniyu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/trigeneratsiya-alternativa-tsentralizovannomu-energosnabzheniyu","title":{"rendered":"Trigenerare: o alternativ\u0103 la alimentarea centralizat\u0103 cu energie","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Comparativ cu \u021b\u0103rile europene, unde obiectele de generare distribuit\u0103 reprezint\u0103 ast\u0103zi aproape 30% din toat\u0103 produc\u021bia, \u00een Rusia, conform unor evalu\u0103ri, cota energiei distribuite nu dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te \u00een prezent 5-10%. Vom discuta despre \u0219ansele energiei distribuite ruse\u0219ti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0\">energeticii distribuite <\/a><\/noindex>de a ajunge la tendin\u021bele mondiale, iar consumatorii \u2014 motiva\u021bia de a se \u00eendrepta spre alimentarea independent\u0103 cu energie.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Trigenerare: o alternativ\u0103 la alimentarea centralizat\u0103 cu energie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/39fcc7145602355aabcadf601d22ec71.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/kislorod.life\/question_answer\/v_rossii_idet_bystroe_razvitie_raspredelennoy_energetiki_no_tuda_li\/\">Sursa<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>\u00cen afar\u0103 de cifre. G\u0103se\u0219te diferen\u021bele<\/h2>\n<p>\nDiferen\u021bele dintre sistemul de generare distribuit\u0103 de energie electric\u0103 \u00een Rusia \u0219i Europa de ast\u0103zi nu se reduc la cifre \u2014 \u00eentr-adev\u0103r, este vorba despre modele complet diferite at\u00e2t ca structur\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i din punct de vedere economic. Dezvoltarea gener\u0103rii distribuite \u00een \u021bara noastr\u0103 a avut motive oarecum diferite fa\u021b\u0103 de cele care au devenit principala for\u021b\u0103 motrice a acestui proces \u00een Europa, care a c\u0103utat s\u0103 compenseze lipsa de tipuri tradi\u021bionale de combustibil prin implicarea surselor alternative de energie \u00een balan\u021ba energetic\u0103 (inclusiv resursele energetice secundare). \u00cen Rusia, totu\u0219i, problema reducerii costurilor de achizi\u021bie a resurselor energetice pentru consumatori \u00een condi\u021biile economiei planificate \u0219i al tarif\u0103rii centralizate a avut o relevan\u021b\u0103 mult mai mic\u0103 pentru o perioad\u0103 semnificativ\u0103, astfel c\u0103 electricitatea proprie era considerat\u0103 \u00een principal \u00een cazurile c\u00e2nd \u00eentreprinderea era un consumator de energie deosebit de mare \u0219i, din cauza \u00eendep\u0103rt\u0103rii sale, avea dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een conectarea la re\u021bele.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen domeniul energiei distribuite, obiectele de generare proprie au avut o putere destul de mare \u2014 \u00eentre 10 \u0219i 500 MW (\u0219i chiar mai mult) \u2014 \u00een func\u021bie de nevoile de produc\u021bie \u0219i pentru a asigura aprovizionarea cu energie electric\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103ldur\u0103 a localit\u0103\u021bilor din apropiere. Deoarece transmiterea c\u0103ldurii pe distan\u021be lungi este \u00eentotdeauna asociat\u0103 cu pierderi semnificative, s-au construit activ centrale termice pentru nevoile proprii ale \u00eentreprinderilor \u0219i ora\u0219elor. \u00cen plus, sursele proprii de energie \u2014 fie c\u0103 sunt CET sau centrale termice \u2014 erau construite pe gaz, motorin\u0103 sau c\u0103rbune, iar tehnologiile din surse regenerabile de energie, cu excep\u021bia hidrocentralelor, \u0219i resursele energiei secundare au fost utilizate \u00een cazuri izolate. Acum, situa\u021bia se schimb\u0103: apar treptat obiecte de mic\u0103 electricitate, \u0219i \u00een balan\u021ba energetic\u0103, chiar dac\u0103 \u00eentr-o m\u0103sur\u0103 mai mic\u0103, sunt incluse surse alternative de energie.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen Occident, se fac multe pentru a dezvolta generarea mic\u0103, iar recent a devenit popular conceptul de central\u0103 electric\u0103 virtual\u0103 (CEV). Acesta este un sistem care une\u0219te cea mai mare parte a juc\u0103torilor de pe pia\u021ba electricit\u0103\u021bii \u2014 produc\u0103tori (de la generatori mici de gospod\u0103rii p\u00e2n\u0103 la centrale de cogenerare) \u0219i consumatori (de la locuin\u021be la mari \u00eentreprinderi industriale). CEV regleaz\u0103 consumul de energie, netezind v\u00e2rfurile \u0219i redistribuind sarcinile \u00een timp real, folosind toate capacit\u0103\u021bile disponibile ale sistemului. Aceast\u0103 evolu\u021bie nu este posibil\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 stimularea pie\u021bei gener\u0103rii distribuite din partea statului \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 modific\u0103rile legislative adecvate.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen Rusia, \u00een condi\u021biile unei concuren\u021be aspre \u0219i a monopolului asupra furniz\u0103rii centralizate de electricitate, realizarea surplusurilor de electricitate produse \u00een re\u021beaua extern\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne o sarcin\u0103 rezolvat\u0103, dar departe de a fi simpl\u0103 din punct de vedere organiza\u021bional \u0219i de cost. Prin urmare, \u00een prezent, \u0219ansele de a deveni un participant deplin pe pia\u021b\u0103 printre marii furnizori sunt extrem de mici pentru obiectele de energie distribuit\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Cu toate acestea, dezvoltarea genera\u021biei proprii este, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, o tendin\u021b\u0103 ast\u0103zi. Principalul factor care contribuie la cre\u0219terea acesteia este fiabilitatea aliment\u0103rii cu energie. Dependen\u021ba de companiile de generare \u0219i re\u021belele de electricitate cre\u0219te riscurile pentru produc\u0103tori. Cele mai multe dintre marile obiective de generare din Rusia au fost construite \u00eenc\u0103 din perioada sovietic\u0103, iar v\u00e2rsta lor considerabil\u0103 se face sim\u021bit\u0103. Pentru consumatorul industrial, \u00eentreruperea aliment\u0103rii cu energie din cauza unei avarii reprezint\u0103 un risc de oprire a produc\u021biei \u0219i pierderi evidente. Dac\u0103 dorin\u021ba de a diminua riscurile este \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de motive economice (definite \u00een principal de politica tarifar\u0103 a furnizorului regional) \u0219i oportunit\u0103\u021bi de investi\u021bii, atunci generarea proprie \u00ee\u0219i justific\u0103 pe deplin existen\u021ba, iar tot mai multe \u00eentreprinderi industriale sunt ast\u0103zi preg\u0103tite (sau iau \u00een considerare aceast\u0103 posibilitate) s\u0103 mearg\u0103 pe acest drum.<\/p>\n<p>De aceea, perspectivele de dezvoltare a electricit\u0103\u021bii generate distribuit \u00een Rusia pentru \u201enevoile proprii\u201d sunt destul de ridicate.<\/p>\n<h2>Genera\u021bia proprie. Cui \u00eei este benefic\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>\nEconomia fiec\u0103rui proiect este strict individual\u0103 \u0219i este determinat\u0103 de o multitudine de factori. Dac\u0103 \u00eencerc\u0103m s\u0103 generaliz\u0103m c\u00e2t mai mult, \u00een regiunile cu o concentrare mai mare de capacit\u0103\u021bi de generare \u0219i \u00eentreprinderi industriale, cu tarife mai mari pentru energie electric\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103ldur\u0103, electricitatea generat\u0103 prin propriile surse este o \u0219ans\u0103 obiectiv\u0103 de a reduce semnificativ costurile de achizi\u021bie a resurselor energetice.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, trebuie incluse regiunile greu accesibile \u0219i slab populate, cu infrastructur\u0103 de re\u021bele electrice slab dezvoltat\u0103 sau chiar inexistent\u0103, unde, cu siguran\u021b\u0103, tarifele la electricitate sunt cele mai mari.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen regiunile cu mai pu\u021bini consumatori \u0219i furnizori de electricitate, unde o propor\u021bie mare a energiei electrice generate provine din hidrocentrale, tarifele sunt cu mult mai mici, iar economia acestor proiecte \u00een industrie nu este \u00eentotdeauna profitabil\u0103. Cu toate acestea, pentru \u00eentreprinderile unor industrii care pot utiliza combustibili alternativi, de exemplu, de\u0219euri de produc\u021bie, genera\u021bia proprie poate fi o solu\u021bie excelent\u0103. A\u0219a cum se arat\u0103 \u00een figura de mai jos - CTE pe de\u0219eurile unei \u00eentreprinderi de prelucrare a lemnului.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Trigenerare: o alternativ\u0103 la alimentarea centralizat\u0103 cu energie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/62555cd8159f71747519e6b2393dd9f4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nDac\u0103 discut\u0103m despre generarea pentru nevoile comunale, cl\u0103dirile publice \u0219i obiectele infrastructurii comerciale \u0219i sociale, p\u00e2n\u0103 de cur\u00e2nd, economia acestor proiecte a fost \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 definit\u0103 de nivelul de dezvoltare al infrastructurii energetice din regiune \u0219i, \u00een egal\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103, de costul conect\u0103rii tehnologice a consumatorilor de energie electric\u0103. Odat\u0103 cu dezvoltarea tehnologiilor de trigenerare, aceste constr\u00e2ngeri au \u00eencetat practic s\u0103 mai fie decisive, iar c\u0103ldura secundar\u0103 sau generat\u0103 \u00een perioada de var\u0103 a devenit posibil de utilizat pentru nevoile de climatizare, ceea ce a crescut semnificativ eficien\u021ba centrului de energizare.<\/p>\n<h2>Trigenerare: energie electric\u0103, c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u0219i frig pentru obiect<\/h2>\n<p>\nTrigenerarea este o direc\u021bie destul de independent\u0103 \u00een dezvoltarea energiei mici. Se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin individualism, deoarece se orienteaz\u0103 spre satisfacerea nevoilor specifice ale unui obiect \u00een resursele energetice.<\/p>\n<p>Primul proiect cu conceptul de trigenerare a fost dezvoltat \u00een 1998 prin eforturile comune ale Ministerului Energiei al Statelor Unite, laboratorului na\u021bional ORNL \u0219i produc\u0103torului de MAHB (ma\u0219ini de r\u0103cire cu bromur\u0103 de litiu absorbtiv) BROAD \u0219i a fost implementat \u00een Statele Unite \u00een 2001. Trigenerarea se bazeaz\u0103 pe utilizarea ma\u0219inilor de r\u0103cire absorbtive, care ca surs\u0103 principal\u0103 de energie utilizeaz\u0103 c\u0103ldura \u0219i permit generarea de frig \u0219i c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de nevoile obiectului. \u00cen aceast\u0103 schem\u0103, utilizarea cazanelor obi\u0219nuite, ca \u00een cogenerare, nu este o condi\u021bie obligatorie.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen afar\u0103 de c\u0103ldura \u0219i electricitatea tradi\u021bional\u0103, trigenerarea asigur\u0103 produc\u021bia de frig \u00een MAHB (sub form\u0103 de ap\u0103 r\u0103cit\u0103) pentru nevoile tehnologice sau pentru climatizarea spa\u021biilor. Procesul de generare a energiei electrice se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 oricum cu pierderi mari de energie termic\u0103 (de exemplu, cu gazele de e\u0219apament ale ma\u0219inilor generatoare).<\/p>\n<p>Implicarea acestei c\u0103lduri \u00een procesul de generare a frigului, pe de o parte, minimizeaz\u0103 pierderile, sporind eficien\u021ba final\u0103 a ciclului, iar pe de alt\u0103 parte, permite reducerea consumului de energie electric\u0103 al obiectului comparativ cu tehnologiile tradi\u021bionale de generare a frigului utiliz\u00e2nd ma\u0219ini de r\u0103cire cu compresie de vapori.<\/p>\n<p>Posibilitatea de a lucra cu diverse surse de c\u0103ldur\u0103 (ap\u0103 cald\u0103, abur, gaze de evacuare de la grupuri generatoare, cazane \u0219i cuptoare, precum \u0219i combustibil (gaz natural, motorin\u0103 etc.) permite utilizarea ABHM \u00een diverse obiecte, folosind exact resursa disponibil\u0103 \u00eentreprinderii.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0219adar, \u00een industrie se poate utiliza c\u0103ldura irosit\u0103:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Trigenerare: o alternativ\u0103 la alimentarea centralizat\u0103 cu energie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/909336eea3e42a182eb18f0bddbe6c9c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nIar \u00een obiectele din sectorul public, \u00een cl\u0103diri comerciale \u0219i sociale pot exista diverse combina\u021bii de surse de c\u0103ldur\u0103:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Trigenerare: o alternativ\u0103 la alimentarea centralizat\u0103 cu energie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/7f102ce6809472ded7cdd03839da0002.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Trigenerare: o alternativ\u0103 la alimentarea centralizat\u0103 cu energie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/d59554f07e535ccb2675bf569adea434.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Trigenerare: o alternativ\u0103 la alimentarea centralizat\u0103 cu energie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/6c0098d5c06109db23fb660907a3e972.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nCentrul de trigenerare poate fi calculat \u0219i construit \u00een func\u021bie de nevoile de energie electric\u0103, sau se poate mai degrab\u0103 baza pe consumul de r\u0103cire al obiectului. Depinde de ceea ce din cele men\u021bionate este criteriul determinant pentru consumator. \u00cen primul caz, utilizarea c\u0103ldurii secundare \u00een ABHM poate s\u0103 nu fie complet\u0103, iar \u00een al doilea caz, pot ap\u0103rea limit\u0103ri \u00een privin\u021ba energiei electrice generate intern (compensarea fiind realizat\u0103 prin achizi\u021bia de electricitate din re\u021beaua extern\u0103).<\/p>\n<h2>Unde este avantajoas\u0103 trigenerarea<\/h2>\n<p>\nIntervalul de aplicare al tehnologiei este foarte larg: trigenerarea se poate integra la fel de bine at\u00e2t \u00een conceptul unui spa\u021biu public (de exemplu, un mare centru comercial sau o cl\u0103dire de aeroport), c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een infrastructura energetic\u0103 a unei \u00eentreprinderi industriale. Fezabilitatea implement\u0103rii unor astfel de proiecte \u0219i productivitatea acestora depind foarte mult de condi\u021biile locale, at\u00e2t economice, c\u00e2t \u0219i climatice, iar pentru \u00eentreprinderile industriale, de asemenea, de costul produselor fabricate.<\/p>\n<p>Primul \u0219i cel mai important criteriu este nevoia de r\u0103cire. Cel mai frecvent utilizarea sa \u00een prezent este climatizarea cl\u0103dirilor publice. Acestea pot fi centre de afaceri, cl\u0103diri administrative, complexe spitalice\u0219ti \u0219i hoteliere, obiecte sportive, centre comerciale \u0219i de divertisment, parcuri acvatice, muzee \u0219i pavilioane expozi\u021bionale, cl\u0103diri de aeroport \u2013 \u00een cuv\u00e2nt, toate obiectele unde se afl\u0103 simultan multe persoane, unde pentru a crea un microclimat confortabil este nevoie de un sistem de climatizare centralizat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Utilizarea ABHM este cel mai justificat pentru astfel de obiecte cu o suprafa\u021b\u0103 de la 20-30 mii mp (centre de afaceri de dimensiuni medii) \u0219i se extinde p\u00e2n\u0103 la obiecte uria\u0219e de c\u00e2teva sute de mii de metri p\u0103tra\u021bi \u0219i chiar mai mult (complexe comerciale \u0219i de divertisment, aeroporturi).<\/p>\n<p>\u00cens\u0103, la astfel de obiecte trebuie s\u0103 existe cerere nu doar pentru r\u0103cire \u0219i energie electric\u0103, ci \u0219i pentru \u00eenc\u0103lzire. Iar \u00eenc\u0103lzirea nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 doar \u00eenc\u0103lzirea spa\u021biilor \u00een timpul iernii, ci \u0219i furnizarea constant\u0103 a apei calde pentru necesit\u0103\u021bile GVS. Cu c\u00e2t se valorific\u0103 mai bine oportunit\u0103\u021bile centrului energetic de trigenerare, cu at\u00e2t eficien\u021ba sa este mai mare.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen \u00eentreaga lume exist\u0103 numeroase exemple de utilizare a trigener\u0103rii \u00een domeniul hotelier, construc\u021bia \u0219i modernizarea aeroporturilor, institu\u021bii de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt, complexe de afaceri \u0219i administrativ, centre de date, precum \u0219i \u00een industrie \u2014 textil\u0103, metalurgic\u0103, alimentar\u0103, chimic\u0103, de h\u00e2rtie \u0219i celuloz\u0103, inginerie mecanic\u0103 \u0219i altele.<\/p>\n<p>Ca exemplu, voi prezenta unul dintre obiectele pentru care compania &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/1-engineer.ru\/\">Primul inginer<\/a><\/noindex>&#187; a dezvoltat concep\u021bia unui centru energetic trigenerativ.<\/p>\n<p>Cu un consum de energie electric\u0103 de aproximativ 4 MW \u00eentr-o \u00eentreprindere industrial\u0103 (produs\u0103 de dou\u0103 instala\u021bii de gaz cu piston (GPU)), este necesar\u0103 o r\u0103cire la nivelul de 2,1 MW.<\/p>\n<p>R\u0103cirea este generat\u0103 de o ma\u0219in\u0103 de r\u0103cire cu bromur\u0103 de litium absorbtiv\u0103, care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu gazele de evacuare ale GPU. \u00cen acest context, o GPU acoper\u0103 complet 100% din necesarul de c\u0103ldur\u0103 al ABHM. Astfel, chiar \u0219i cu o singur\u0103 GPU activ\u0103, fabrica dispune \u00eentotdeauna de cantitatea necesar\u0103 de r\u0103cire. \u00cen plus, chiar \u0219i \u00een absen\u021ba ambelor instala\u021bii de gaz cu piston, ABHM \u00ee\u0219i men\u021bine capacitatea de a genera c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u0219i r\u0103cire, deoarece dispune de o surs\u0103 de c\u0103ldur\u0103 de rezerv\u0103 \u2014 gaz natural.<\/p>\n<h2>Centrul energetic de trigenerare<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00cen func\u021bie de necesit\u0103\u021bile consumatorului, de categoria acestuia \u0219i de cerin\u021bele de rezervare, schema de trigenerare (prezentat\u0103 \u00een figura de mai jos) poate fi foarte complex\u0103 \u0219i poate include cazane energetice \u0219i de ap\u0103 cald\u0103, cazane de recuperare, turbine cu abur sau pe gaz, un sistem complet de tratare a apei etc.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/jp\/7q\/ie\/jp7qief3gecbz-qrsw_7zhitx9m.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Trigenerare: o alternativ\u0103 la alimentarea centralizat\u0103 cu energie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/c8b55ef7853c555d62a48890beca2df9.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nDar pentru obiecte relativ mici, centrala principal\u0103 de generare este de obicei o turbin\u0103 pe gaz sau o instala\u021bie cu piston (pe gaz sau motorin\u0103) de putere electric\u0103 relativ mic\u0103 (1-6 MW). Acestea produc energie electric\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103ldur\u0103 secundar\u0103 din gazele de e\u0219apament \u0219i ap\u0103 cald\u0103, care sunt reutilizate \u00een ABHM. Aceasta este configura\u021bia minim\u0103 \u0219i suficient\u0103 a echipamentului principal.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Trigenerare: o alternativ\u0103 la alimentarea centralizat\u0103 cu energie\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/fd71d3330c7320f59408b79e5b120758.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nDa, aici nu se poate f\u0103r\u0103 sisteme auxiliare: turn de r\u0103cire, pompe, sta\u021bie de tratament al apei uzate pentru stabilizarea acesteia, sistem de automatizare \u0219i gestionarea energiei electrice, care permite utilizarea energiei generate pentru nevoile proprii.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen majoritatea cazurilor, centrul de trigenerare este o cl\u0103dire separat\u0103, fie module de tip container, fie o combina\u021bie a acestor solu\u021bii, deoarece cerin\u021bele pentru amplasarea echipamentului de generare electric\u0103 \u0219i termic\u0103 difer\u0103 oarecum.<\/p>\n<p>Echipamentul de generare electric\u0103 este destul de standardizat, spre deosebire de ABHM, de\u0219i este tehnic mai complex. Termenele de fabrica\u021bie pot varia de la 6 la 12 luni \u0219i chiar mai mult.<\/p>\n<p>Termenul mediu de fabrica\u021bie al ABHM este de 3-6 luni (\u00een func\u021bie de capacitatea de r\u0103cire \u0219i de num\u0103rul \u0219i tipurile surselor de c\u0103ldur\u0103).<\/p>\n<p>De regul\u0103, fabrica\u021bia echipamentului auxiliar nu va dep\u0103\u0219i acelea\u0219i termene, a\u0219a c\u0103 durata total\u0103 a realiz\u0103rii proiectului de construc\u021bie a centrului de trigenerare este \u00een medie de 1,5 ani.<\/p>\n<h2>Rezultatul<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, centrul de trigenerare va reduce num\u0103rul furnizorilor de energie la unul \u2013 furnizorul de gaz. Excluderea achizi\u021biei de energie electric\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103ldur\u0103 permite, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, eliminarea oric\u0103ror riscuri legate de \u00eentreruperile \u00een alimentarea cu energie.<\/p>\n<p>Folosirea c\u0103ldurii prin utilizarea \u201eenergiei excedentare\u201d relativ ieftine reduce costul energiei electrice \u0219i al c\u0103ldurii produse \u00een compara\u021bie cu achizi\u021bia acesteia. \u00cen plus, utilizarea continu\u0103 a capacit\u0103\u021bilor de generare pentru c\u0103ldur\u0103 (iarna pentru \u00eenc\u0103lzire, vara pentru condi\u021bionare \u0219i nevoile tehnologice) asigur\u0103 o eficien\u021b\u0103 maxim\u0103. Desigur, ca \u0219i \u00een alte proiecte, condi\u021bia principal\u0103 este elaborarea unei concep\u021bii corecte \u0219i justificarea tehnico-economic\u0103 a acesteia.<\/p>\n<p>Printre avantajele suplimentare se num\u0103r\u0103 ecologicitatea. Folosind gazele de e\u0219apament pentru generarea de energie util\u0103, reducem emisiile \u00een atmosfer\u0103. \u00cen plus, spre deosebire de tehnologiile tradi\u021bionale de producere a frigului, \u00een care agen\u021bii frigorifici sunt amoniacul \u0219i freonii, ABHM utilizeaz\u0103 apa ca agent frigorific, ceea ce reduce de asemenea impactul ecologic.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/lanit\/blog\/475286\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 30% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 5-10%. \u041f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0448\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044b \u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u0430 \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u2014 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.\u00a0\u00a0 \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440. 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