{"id":52837,"date":"2019-11-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/primenenie-rpa-v-nauchnyh-i-inzhenernyh-raschetah"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:38","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:38","slug":"primenenie-rpa-v-nauchnyh-i-inzhenernyh-raschetah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/primenenie-rpa-v-nauchnyh-i-inzhenernyh-raschetah","title":{"rendered":"Utilizarea RPA \u00een calcule \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i inginere\u0219ti","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Introducere<\/h2>\n<p>\nLa \u0219coal\u0103, pentru a ne consolida cuno\u0219tin\u021bele, ni se d\u0103deau multe exemple asem\u0103n\u0103toare de rezolvat. Ne \u00eentrebam mereu: ce este valoros \u00een asta? S\u0103 introduci dou\u0103-trei valori \u00een formul\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 ob\u021bii un r\u0103spuns. Unde este creativitatea aici? Realitatea s-a dovedit a fi mai dur\u0103 dec\u00e2t \u0219coala.<\/p>\n<p>Acum lucrez ca analist \u00een IT. \u00cenainte de a veni \u00een domeniul IT, am lucrat ca inginer termotehnic \u0219i programator CNC, am participat la proiecte de cercetare. <\/p>\n<p>Din experien\u021ba mea, am realizat c\u0103 95% din timpul de lucru al inginerilor \u0219i oamenilor de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 este dedicat acestor ac\u021biuni \"asem\u0103n\u0103toare\". Calcul de ecua\u021bii, verific\u0103ri, \u00eenregistrarea rezultatelor, copierea specifica\u021biilor. Proiect dup\u0103 proiect, experiment dup\u0103 experiment, zi dup\u0103 zi. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nIat\u0103 c\u00e2teva exemple din munca mea anterioar\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2019 am realizat modele pentru formarea termovaccum. Dac\u0103 acest model este acoperit cu plastic \u00eenc\u0103lzit, ob\u021binem un produs care repet\u0103 exact geometria acestui model. Descrierea tehnologiei. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ammat.ru\/production\/vacuum-molding\/\">aici<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen ciclul de fabricare a modelului este necesar un \u00eentreg set de aplica\u021bii specializate:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Autodesk Inventor pentru modelare 3D;<\/li>\n<li>Excel pentru extragerea dimensiunilor p\u0103r\u021bii de prelucrat;<\/li>\n<li>Excel pentru calcularea costului modelului;<\/li>\n<li>modul HSM pentru generarea programului de control CNC;<\/li>\n<li>Sistemul de fi\u0219iere al computerului pentru gestionarea fi\u0219ierelor programelor;<\/li>\n<li>Mediul Mach3 pentru controlul ma\u0219inii CNC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDintr-un mediu \u00een altul, datele trebuiau transferate manual, iar acesta implica \u00eentregi tabele \u0219i mase de valori. Procesul era lent \u0219i adesea ap\u0103reau erori. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cenainte de aceasta, am participat la dezvoltarea \u0219i produc\u021bia fibrelor optice (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.solargy.ru\/technologies\/solarway\/\">linkul<\/a><\/noindex>). Au fost multe cercet\u0103ri, proiect\u0103ri \u0219i calcule: medii specializate pentru calcule termotehnice \u0219i de iluminat (Ansys, Dialux), plus calcule de eficien\u021b\u0103 economic\u0103, plus Autocad \u0219i Inventor pentru modele \u0219i planuri. \u0218i aici \u00eent\u00e2mpin\u0103m acelea\u0219i dificult\u0103\u021bi: rezultatul unei calcule dintr-o aplica\u021bie trebuie transferat \u00een alta pentru urm\u0103toarea calculare. \u0218i a\u0219a mai departe, de mai multe ori, \u00een c\u0103utarea solu\u021biei optime.<\/p>\n<p>Timpul inginerului \u0219i timpul cercet\u0103torului sunt foarte valoroase. Nu este vorba despre salariu. \u00cen spatele calculelor inginerului se afl\u0103 un mare proiect cu o echip\u0103. \u00cen spatele cercet\u0103rilor cercet\u0103torului se afl\u0103 perspectiva unei \u00eentregi industrii. \u00cens\u0103 adesea, un specialist foarte calificat \u201esimpleaz\u0103\u201d datele dintr-un program \u00een altul, \u00een loc s\u0103 dezvolte concepte, s\u0103 efectueze model\u0103ri, s\u0103 interpreteze rezultate, s\u0103 participe la discu\u021bii \u0219i brainstorminguri cu colegii. <\/p>\n<p>O caracteristic\u0103 a mediului de afaceri modern este viteza. Pia\u021ba impune presiune constant. \u00cen 2014, pentru realizarea unui prototip, aveam nevoie de 2-3 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni. \u00cen 2018 \u2013 trei zile, iar asta p\u0103rea deja mult prea mult. Acum, proiectantul trebuie s\u0103 propun\u0103 mai multe variante de solu\u021bie \u00een acela\u0219i timp \u00een care anterior era rezervat doar pentru o singur\u0103 variant\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u0218i un alt aspect \u2013 investi\u021biile \u0219i riscurile. Pentru a \u201eprinde\u201d un proiect, compania, \u00eenainte de semnarea contractului cu clientul, trebuie s\u0103 investeasc\u0103 aproximativ 6% din valoarea acestui proiect \u00een dezvoltarea conceptual\u0103. Ace\u0219ti bani se duc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00een cercetare;<\/li>\n<li>proiectare conceptual\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>evaluarea costurilor;<\/li>\n<li>preg\u0103tirea schi\u021belor etc. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nCompania \u00eei ia din propriul buzunar, aceasta fiind un risc personal. Aten\u021bia acordat\u0103 conceptului necesit\u0103 timpul speciali\u0219tilor, iar ei sunt ocupa\u021bi cu rutina.<\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 familiarizarea cu instrumentele de lucru \u00eentr-o companie IT, m-am \u00eentrebat ce practici din automatizarea proceselor de afaceri ar putea fi utile inginerilor. Astfel, afacerea a \u00eenceput s\u0103 aplice de mult\u0103 vreme robotizarea proceselor (RPA) \u00een lupta cu rutina. <\/p>\n<p>Produc\u0103torii RPA afirm\u0103 c\u0103 acest instrument de automatizare are urm\u0103toarele avantaje:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>universalitate (robotul poate lucra cu orice aplica\u021bie, cu orice surs\u0103 de date);<\/li>\n<li>simplicitate \u00een \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare (nu sunt necesare competen\u021be profunde \u00een programare \u0219i administrare);<\/li>\n<li>rapiditate \u00een dezvoltare (pentru un algoritm gata preg\u0103tit se folose\u0219te mai pu\u021bin timp dec\u00e2t \u00een programarea tradi\u021bional\u0103);<\/li>\n<li>eliberarea real\u0103 a angajatului de opera\u021biunile de rutin\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nPe baza acestor criterii vom verifica efectul utiliz\u0103rii RPA \u00een calculele ingineresti \/ \u0219tiin\u021bifice. <\/p>\n<h2>Descrierea exemplului<\/h2>\n<p>\nVom lua \u00een considerare un exemplu simplu. Exist\u0103 o grind\u0103 fixat\u0103 pe consol\u0103 cu o sarcin\u0103. <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Utilizarea RPA \u00een calcule \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i inginere\u0219ti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f197e96743e4b68413ac4f388704d4ba.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nS\u0103 analiz\u0103m aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 din perspectiva inginerului \u0219i din perspectiva cercet\u0103torului. <\/p>\n<p>Cazul \u201einginer\u201d: este o grind\u0103 fixat\u0103 consol\u0103 de 2 m. Aceasta trebuie s\u0103 suporte o sarcin\u0103 de 500 kg cu un factor de siguran\u021b\u0103 de 3x. Grind\u0103 este realizat\u0103 dintr-un tub dreptunghiular. Trebuie s\u0103 alegem sec\u021biunea grinzii din catalogul GOST. <\/p>\n<p>Cazul \u201ecercet\u0103tor\u201d: a determina cum afecteaz\u0103 masa sarcinii, sec\u021biunea \u0219i lungimea grinzii capacitatea portant\u0103 a acesteia. Afi\u0219a\u021bi ecua\u021bia de regresie.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen ambele cazuri, se \u021bine cont de for\u021ba gravita\u021bional\u0103, care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra grinzii propor\u021bional cu masa acesteia.<\/p>\n<p>Vom studia \u00een detaliu primul caz \u2014 \u201einginer\u201d. Cazul \u201ecercet\u0103tor\u201d este realizat \u00eentr-un mod similar.<\/p>\n<p>Tehnic, exemplul nostru este foarte simplu. \u0218i specialistul \u00een domeniu poate calcula acest lucru simplu pe un calculator. Scopul nostru este diferit: s\u0103 ar\u0103t\u0103m cum va ajuta solu\u021bia RPA atunci c\u00e2nd sarcina devine mai complex\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen simplific\u0103ri, de asemenea, men\u021bion\u0103m: sec\u021biunea tubului \u2014 un dreptunghi ideal, f\u0103r\u0103 col\u021buri rotunjite, f\u0103r\u0103 a lua \u00een considerare sudura.<\/p>\n<h2>Sarcina inginerului<\/h2>\n<p>\nSchema general\u0103 a cazului \u201einginer\u201d este aceasta:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Pe o foaie Excel avem un tabel cu sortimentul de \u021bevi conform GOST. <\/li>\n<li>Pentru fiecare \u00eenregistrare din acest tabel trebuie s\u0103 construim un model 3D \u00een Autodesk Inventor.<\/li>\n<li>Apoi, \u00een mediu Inventor Stress Analyses, efectu\u0103m calculul de rezisten\u021b\u0103 \u0219i export\u0103m rezultatul \u00een html. <\/li>\n<li>G\u0103sim \u00een fi\u0219ierul ob\u021binut valoarea \u201eTensiune maxim\u0103 conform lui Mises\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Oprim calculul dac\u0103 factorul de siguran\u021b\u0103 (raportul dintre limita de curgere a materialului \u0219i tensiunea maxim\u0103 conform lui Mises) este mai mic de 3. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nConsider\u0103m c\u0103 grind\u0103 cu sec\u021biunea adecvat\u0103 va asigura un factor de siguran\u021b\u0103 de 3x \u0219i va fi minim\u0103 ca mas\u0103 dintre alte variante. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Utilizarea RPA \u00een calcule \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i inginere\u0219ti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/fd606aabe1ea38e360761fd942fdc9ef.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPrin urmare, \u00een sarcina noastr\u0103, specialistul lucreaz\u0103 cu 3 aplica\u021bii (vezi schema de mai sus). \u00cen practic\u0103, num\u0103rul de aplica\u021bii poate fi chiar mai mare.<\/p>\n<p>GOST 8645-68 \u201e\u021aevi de o\u021bel dreptunghiulare\u201d con\u021bine 300 de \u00eenregistr\u0103ri. \u00cen sarcina noastr\u0103 demonstrativ\u0103, vom reduce lista: vom lua c\u00e2te o pozi\u021bie din fiecare familie de dimensiuni. \u00cen total 19 \u00eenregistr\u0103ri, din care trebuie s\u0103 alegem una. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Utilizarea RPA \u00een calcule \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i inginere\u0219ti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/c979ac07b01b3ca2982062c52f59192f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMediul de modelare Inventor, \u00een care vom construi modelul \u0219i vom efectua calculul de rezisten\u021b\u0103, con\u021bine o bibliotec\u0103 de materiale disponibile. Materialul grinzii \u00eel vom lua din aceast\u0103 bibliotec\u0103:<\/p>\n<p>Material \u2014 O\u021bel<br \/>\nDensitate 7,85 g\/cmc;<br \/>\nLimita de curgere 207 MPa;<br \/>\nLimita la rupere 345 MPa;<br \/>\nModulul lui Young 210 GPa;<br \/>\nModulul de forfecare 80,7692 GPa.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0219a arat\u0103 modelul tridimensional al grinzii \u00eenc\u0103rcate:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Utilizarea RPA \u00een calcule \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i inginere\u0219ti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/6e0a52f7557b667f4bb04869c9d14b8a.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nIat\u0103 rezultatul calculelor de rezisten\u021b\u0103. Sistemul coloreaz\u0103 \u00een ro\u0219u zonele vulnerabile ale grinzii. \u00cen aceste locuri, tensiunea este cea mai mare. Scala din st\u00e2nga arat\u0103 valoarea tensiunii maxime din materialul grinzii.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Utilizarea RPA \u00een calcule \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i inginere\u0219ti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/12c47a3898dbf00c5e95d13da3603289.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u2003<\/p>\n<h2>Acum vom \u00eencredin\u021ba o parte din munc\u0103 robotului.<\/h2>\n<p>\nSchema de lucru se modific\u0103 dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Utilizarea RPA \u00een calcule \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i inginere\u0219ti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/d6802a8ffa587110105a9cbbe6276fe1.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nRobotul va fi construit \u00een mediul Automation Anywhere Community Edition (denumit \u00een continuare AA). Vom parcurge criteriile de evaluare \u0219i vom descrie impresiile subiective.<\/p>\n<h3>Universalitate<\/h3>\n<p>\nSolu\u021biile RPA (\u00een special cele comerciale) sunt promovate insistent ca un mijloc de automatizare a proceselor de afaceri, automatiz\u00e2nd activit\u0103\u021bile angaja\u021bilor de birou. Exemplele \u0219i cursurile de formare analizeaz\u0103 interac\u021biunea cu ERP, ECM, Web. Totul este foarte \u201ede birou\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>La \u00eenceput, am avut \u00eendoieli dac\u0103 AA va putea prelua interfa\u021ba \u0219i datele din Autodesk Inventor. Dar totul a func\u021bionat cu adev\u0103rat: fiecare element, fiecare control a fost identificat \u0219i salvat. Chiar \u0219i \u00een formularele de serviciu cu tabele de parametri, robotul a avut acces la celula necesar\u0103 doar prin indicarea cu mouse-ul. <\/p>\n<p>Apoi a fost un test cu lansarea studiului de rezisten\u021b\u0103. \u0218i f\u0103r\u0103 probleme. \u00cen acest stadiu, a fost necesar s\u0103 lucr\u0103m cu aten\u021bie la pauzele dintre ac\u021biuni, c\u00e2nd sistemul a\u0219teapt\u0103 finalizarea calculelor.<\/p>\n<p>Ob\u021binerea datelor finale din Web \u0219i inserarea lor \u00een Excel a decurs f\u0103r\u0103 probleme.<br \/>\n\u00cen cadrul acestei sarcini, universalitatea s-a confirmat. Judec\u00e2nd dup\u0103 descrierile altor furnizori de RPA, universalitatea este \u00eentr-adev\u0103r o proprietate comun\u0103 acestei categorii de software.<\/p>\n<h3>U\u0219urin\u021ba de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u00cenv\u0103\u021barea a durat c\u00e2teva seri: cursuri, exemple de studiu - toate acestea sunt disponibile. La mul\u021bi furnizori de RPA, formarea este gratuit\u0103. Singura barier\u0103: interfa\u021ba mediului \u0219i cursurile la AA sunt disponibile doar \u00een englez\u0103. <\/p>\n<h3>Rapiditatea dezvolt\u0103rii<\/h3>\n<p>\nAlgoritmul pentru \u201esarcina inginerului\u201d l-am dezvoltat \u0219i testat \u00een cursul unei seri. Secven\u021ba de ac\u021biuni a fost comprimat\u0103 \u00een doar 44 de instruc\u021biuni. \u00cen imaginea de mai jos este un fragment din interfa\u021ba Automation Anywhere cu robotul preg\u0103tit. Conceptul Low code\/No code - nu a fost nevoie s\u0103 program\u0103m: am folosit recorder-uri de opera\u021bii sau drag\u2019n\u2019drop din biblioteca de comenzi. Apoi, am configurat parametrii \u00een fereastra de propriet\u0103\u021bi. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Utilizarea RPA \u00een calcule \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i inginere\u0219ti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/7e98c35c151d87b08272d1af2c1c0fd0.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <\/p>\n<h3>Desc\u0103rcare de rutin\u0103<\/h3>\n<p>\nRobotul consum\u0103 1 minut \u0219i 20 de secunde pentru a procesa un singur \u00eenregistrare. Aproximativ acela\u0219i timp \u00eel petreceam pentru a procesa o \u00eenregistrare f\u0103r\u0103 robot. <\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 vorbim despre zeci \u0219i sute de \u00eenregistr\u0103ri, persoana se va obosi inevitabil \u0219i va \u00eencepe s\u0103 se distrag\u0103. Specialistul poate fi brusc ocupat cu o alt\u0103 sarcin\u0103. Rela\u021bia dintre \u00abDac\u0103 o sarcin\u0103 dureaz\u0103 A minute, atunci N astfel de sarcini pot fi realizate \u00een A*N minute\u00bb nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu oamenii \u2013 timpul necesar este \u00eentotdeauna mai mare. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen exemplul nostru, robotul va parcurge \u00eenregistr\u0103rile consecutiv, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu cele mai mari sec\u021biuni. Pe seturi mari de date, aceasta nu este o metod\u0103 rapid\u0103. Pentru a accelera procesul, se pot implementa aproxima\u021bii succesive, cum ar fi metoda lui Newton sau diviziunea pe jum\u0103tate.<br \/>\nRezultatul calculului:<\/p>\n<p>Tabelul 1. Rezultatul determin\u0103rii sec\u021biunii grinzii<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Utilizarea RPA \u00een calcule \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i inginere\u0219ti\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/6baec083923222fbd03efafaa2ca5e1e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Sarcina cercet\u0103torului<\/h3>\n<p>\nSarcina cercet\u0103torului este de a desf\u0103\u0219ura mai multe experimente numerice pentru a determina legea prin care capacitatea portant\u0103 a grinzii variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de sec\u021biunea, lungimea \u0219i masa \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103turii. Legea g\u0103sit\u0103 se formuleaz\u0103 sub forma unei ecua\u021bii de regresie. <\/p>\n<p>Pentru ca ecua\u021bia de regresie s\u0103 aib\u0103 acurate\u021be, cercet\u0103torul trebuie s\u0103 proceseze un volum mare de date.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru exemplul nostru se eviden\u021biaz\u0103 un set de variabile de intrare:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00een\u0103l\u021bimea profilului tubului;<\/li>\n<li>l\u0103\u021bimea;<\/li>\n<li>grosimea peretelui;<\/li>\n<li>lungimea grinzii;<\/li>\n<li>masa \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103turii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDac\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 facem calcule pentru cel pu\u021bin 3 valori ale fiec\u0103rei variabile, atunci \u00een total avem 243 de repet\u0103ri. Cu o durat\u0103 de dou\u0103 minute pentru o itera\u021bie, timpul total va fi deja de 8 ore \u2013 o zi \u00eentreag\u0103 de lucru! Pentru o cercetare mai complet\u0103, ar trebui s\u0103 lu\u0103m nu 3 valori, ci 10 sau mai multe. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen timpul cercet\u0103rii, va fi necesar s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103 c\u0103 modelul trebuie s\u0103 includ\u0103 factori suplimentari. De exemplu, s\u0103 se testeze diferite tipuri de o\u021bel. Volumul calculului cre\u0219te de zeci \u0219i sute de ori. <\/p>\n<p>\u00centr-o sarcin\u0103 real\u0103, robotul va putea s\u0103 elibereze cercet\u0103torului c\u00e2teva zile, pe care specialistul le va folosi pentru preg\u0103tirea publica\u021biei, iar acesta este principalul indicator al activit\u0103\u021bii cercet\u0103torului. <\/p>\n<h2>Rezumat<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00abProdusul\u00bb inginerului este un dispozitiv func\u021bional, o construc\u021bie. Automatizarea calculelor va reduce riscurile datorit\u0103 unei analiz\u0103ri mai detaliate a proiectului (mai multe calcule, mai multe moduri, mai multe variante).<\/p>\n<p>\u00abProdusul\u00bb cercet\u0103torului este o ecua\u021bie, o regularitate sau o alt\u0103 descriere compact\u0103. Cu at\u00e2t este mai precis, cu c\u00e2t mai multe date sunt implicate \u00een analiz\u0103. Solu\u021bia RPA va ajuta la formarea \u201ehranei\u201d informa\u021bionale pentru modele.<\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 generaliz\u0103m exemplul nostru. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen rolul de model de calcul poate fi orice model: model de pod, model de motor, model de sistem de \u00eenc\u0103lzire. De la specialist se a\u0219teapt\u0103 ca toate componentele modelului s\u0103 fie \u00een interac\u021biune corect\u0103 \u00eentre ele \u0219i ca modelul s\u0103 ofere \u201e\u00een exterior\u201d un set de parametri-cheie variabili.<\/p>\n<p>Rolul mediului de calcul este \u00eendeplinit de orice aplica\u021bie pe care specialistul o utilizeaz\u0103 \u00een activitatea sa. Ansys, Autocad, Solidworks, FlowVision, Dialux, PowerMill, Archicad. Sau ceva dezvoltat intern, de exemplu, un program pentru dimensionarea ventilatoarelor \u00een fabrica de produc\u021bie (vezi Programe de dimensionare a echipamentului Systemair). <\/p>\n<p>Ca surse de date, lu\u0103m \u00een considerare at\u00e2t site-uri web, c\u00e2t \u0219i baze de date, fi\u0219iere Excel \u0219i fi\u0219iere txt. <br \/>\nRezultatul final al muncii \u2013 raportul \u2013 este un document Word cu text generat automat, un grafic Excel, un set de capturi de ecran sau trimiterea de e-mailuri.<\/p>\n<p>RPA este aplicabil oriunde este necesar analiz\u0103 inginerie. Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva domenii:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>calcule de rezisten\u021b\u0103 \u0219i deformare;<\/li>\n<li>hidro- \u0219i gazodinamica;<\/li>\n<li>transfer de c\u0103ldur\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>electromagnetism;<\/li>\n<li>analiz\u0103 multidisciplinar\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>proiectare generativ\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>programare pentru CNC (de exemplu, nesting);<\/li>\n<li>cercet\u0103ri medicale \u0219i biologice;<\/li>\n<li>\u00een calculele sistemelor cu feedback sau sistemelor ne-stationare (c\u00e2nd rezultatul final trebuie s\u0103 fie transferat \u00een datele de intrare \u0219i s\u0103 se repete calculul).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAst\u0103zi, solu\u021biile RPA sunt utilizate activ \u00een afaceri pentru automatizarea proceselor, gestionarea datelor. \u00cen rutina angajatului de birou, inginerului \u0219i omului de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 exist\u0103 multe similarit\u0103\u021bi. Am demonstrat c\u0103 robo\u021bii sunt adecva\u021bi pentru activit\u0103\u021bile de inginerie \u0219i \u0219tiin\u021bifice. <\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 ne rezum\u0103m impresiile.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Universalitate \u2013 da, RPA este un instrument universal.<\/li>\n<li>U\u0219urin\u021ba de a \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba \u2013 da, este simplu \u0219i accesibil, dar este necesar un limbaj.<\/li>\n<li>Rapiditatea dezvolt\u0103rii \u2013 da, algoritmul se compileaz\u0103 rapid, mai ales c\u00e2nd \u201ete obi\u0219nuie\u0219ti\u201d cu utilizarea recorderelor.<\/li>\n<li>Eliberarea de rutin\u0103 \u2013 da, cu adev\u0103rat capabil s\u0103 aduc\u0103 beneficii \u00een sarcinile de amploare mare.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/directum\/blog\/475998\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041c\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e? \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430-\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438? \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0439, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0418\u0422. \u0414\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0418\u0422-\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c-\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0427\u041f\u0423, \u043f\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041c\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e? \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430-\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/primenenie-rpa-v-nauchnyh-i-inzhenernyh-raschetah\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 RPA \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041c\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e? \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430-\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/primenenie-rpa-v-nauchnyh-i-inzhenernyh-raschetah\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-17T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-02-18T11:00:38+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Aplicarea RPA \u00een calculele \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i inginerie | ProHoster","description":"Introducere \u00cen \u0219coal\u0103, pentru a consolida cuno\u0219tin\u021bele, ni se cerea s\u0103 rezolv\u0103m multe exemple similare. Ne \u00eentrebam tot timpul: ce este valoros \u00een asta? S\u0103 introducem dou\u0103-trei valori \u00een formul\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 ob\u021binem un r\u0103spuns.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/primenenie-rpa-v-nauchnyh-i-inzhenernyh-raschetah","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 RPA \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041c\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e? 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