{"id":53243,"date":"2019-11-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-26T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/bolshe-chem-antispam-kak-vyzhat-maksimum-iz-security-email-gateway"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:07","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:07","slug":"bolshe-chem-antispam-kak-vyzhat-maksimum-iz-security-email-gateway","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/bolshe-chem-antispam-kak-vyzhat-maksimum-iz-security-email-gateway","title":{"rendered":"Mai mult dec\u00e2t anti-spam: cum s\u0103 extragi maximum din Security Email Gateway","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen timp ce marile companii Enterprise \u00ee\u0219i construiesc fortifica\u021bii pentru a se ap\u0103ra \u00eempotriva amenin\u021b\u0103rilor interne \u0219i a hackerilor, companiile mai mici continu\u0103 s\u0103 se confrunte cu problema phishing-ului \u0219i a spam-ului. Dac\u0103 Marty McFly ar fi \u0219tiut c\u0103 \u00een 2015 (\u0219i cu at\u00e2t mai mult \u00een 2020) oamenii nu vor inventa hoverboard-uri \u0219i nici nu vor reu\u0219i s\u0103 scape complet de mesajele nedorite, probabil c\u0103 ar fi pierdut credin\u021ba \u00een umanitate. Mai mult, spam-ul de ast\u0103zi nu este doar deranjant, ci este adesea \u0219i d\u0103un\u0103tor. Aproape 70% dintre cazuri, \u00een cadrul unei metode de atac, infractorii cibernetici p\u0103trund \u00een infrastructur\u0103 prin malware ata\u0219at documentelor sau prin linkuri de phishing \u00een e-mailuri.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mai mult dec\u00e2t anti-spam: cum s\u0103 extragi maximum din Security Email Gateway\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/57a9c0158eed4e406fa69f07d93701d3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u00cen ultima vreme, se observ\u0103 o tendin\u021b\u0103 cresc\u00e2nd\u0103 de utilizare a ingineriei sociale ca metod\u0103 de accesare a infrastructurii organiza\u021biei. Compar\u00e2nd statisticile din 2017 \u0219i 2018, observ\u0103m o cre\u0219tere de aproape 50% a cazurilor \u00een care malware-ul a fost livrat pe computerele angaja\u021bilor prin ata\u0219amente sau linkuri de phishing din corpul e-mailului. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen general, \u00eentreaga gam\u0103 de amenin\u021b\u0103ri care pot fi realizate prin e-mail poate fi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00een mai multe categorii:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>spam-ul recep\u021bionat <\/li>\n<li>includerea computerelor organiza\u021biei \u00eentr-o re\u021bea bot care trimite spam ie\u0219it<\/li>\n<li>ata\u0219amente d\u0103un\u0103toare \u0219i viru\u0219i \u00een corpul e-mailului (companiile mici sufer\u0103 adesea din cauza atacurilor \u00een mas\u0103 de tip Petya). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPentru a te proteja \u00eempotriva tuturor tipurilor de atacuri, po\u021bi fie s\u0103 implementezi mai multe solu\u021bii de securitate informatic\u0103, fie s\u0103 optezi pentru un model de servicii. Noi am discutat deja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/solarsecurity\/blog\/465877\/\">despre<\/a><\/noindex> despre Platforma Unificat\u0103 de Servicii de Securitate Cibernetic\u0103 \u2013 nucleul ecosistemului de servicii gestionate de securitate cibernetic\u0103 Solar MSS. Aceasta include, printre altele, tehnologia virtualizat\u0103 Secure Email Gateway (SEG). De obicei, micile companii achizi\u021bioneaz\u0103 abonamentul pentru acest serviciu, av\u00e2nd toate func\u021biile IT \u0219i de securitate informatic\u0103 gestionate de o singur\u0103 persoan\u0103 \u2013 administratorul sistemului. Spam-ul este o problem\u0103 care este \u00eentotdeauna vizibil\u0103 pentru utilizatori \u0219i conducere, \u0219i nu o po\u021bi ignora. Cu toate acestea, \u00een timp, chiar \u0219i conducerea devine con\u0219tient\u0103 c\u0103 nu este suficient s\u0103 o \u201earunce\u201d la administratorul de sistem \u2013 ia prea mult timp. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mai mult dec\u00e2t anti-spam: cum s\u0103 extragi maximum din Security Email Gateway\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/a42e94fe1d2b5ed0976d27fe1b070ea1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>2 ore pentru a analiza e-mailurile \u2014 este destul de mult<\/h2>\n<p>\nO asemenea situa\u021bie a fost \u00eent\u00e2mpinat\u0103 de unul dintre retailerii no\u0219tri. Sistemele de contabilizare a timpului de lucru ar\u0103tau c\u0103 zilnic angaja\u021bii s\u0103i \u00ee\u0219i petreceau aproximativ 25% din timp (2 ore!) pentru a verifica cutia po\u0219tal\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>Conect\u00e2nd serverul de mail al clientului, am configurat instan\u021ba SEG ca un gateway bidirec\u021bional pentru mailul at\u00e2t de intrare, c\u00e2t \u0219i de ie\u0219ire. Am activat filtrarea conform politicilor stabilite anterior. Lista neagr\u0103 a fost creat\u0103 pe baza analizei datelor furnizate de client \u0219i a propriilor noastre liste de adrese poten\u021bial periculoase, ob\u021binute de exper\u021bii Solar JSOC \u00een cadrul altor servicii \u2014 de exemplu, monitorizarea incidentelor de securitate. Dup\u0103 aceasta, toate emailurile erau livrate destinatariului numai dup\u0103 cur\u0103\u021bare, iar diversele spamuri cu \u201eofert\u0103 grandioas\u0103\u201d au \u00eencetat s\u0103 mai inunde serverele de mail ale clientului, eliber\u00e2nd spa\u021biu pentru alte nevoi. <\/p>\n<p>Dar au existat situa\u021bii c\u00e2nd un email legitim a fost gre\u0219it clasificat ca spam, de exemplu, un mesaj primit de la un expeditor nesigur. \u00cen acest caz, am oferit clientului puterea de decizie. Op\u021biunile nu sunt multe: fie \u0219tergerea imediat\u0103, fie trimiterea la carantin\u0103. Am ales a doua solu\u021bie, \u00een care astfel de emailuri nedorite sunt p\u0103strate pe SEG. Am oferit administratorului acces la consola web, unde putea oric\u00e2nd s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 un email important, de exemplu, de la un partener, \u0219i s\u0103-l trimit\u0103 utilizatorului. <\/p>\n<h2>Sc\u0103p\u0103m de parazi\u021bi<\/h2>\n<p>\nServiciul de protec\u021bie a emailului include rapoarte analitice, al c\u0103ror scop este monitorizarea securit\u0103\u021bii infrastructurii \u0219i eficien\u021ba set\u0103rilor aplicate. \u00cen plus, aceste rapoarte permit prognozarea tendin\u021belor. De exemplu, g\u0103sim \u00een raport sec\u021biunea corespunz\u0103toare \u201eSpam din partea Destinatarului\u201d sau \u201eSpam din partea Expeditorului\u201d \u0219i vedem pe cine prime\u0219te cel mai mare num\u0103r de mesaje blocate. <\/p>\n<p>Exact \u00een timpul analizei unui astfel de raport ni s-a p\u0103rut suspecta cre\u0219terea brusc\u0103 a num\u0103rului total de emailuri la unul dintre clien\u021bi. Infrastructura acestuia este mic\u0103, num\u0103rul de emailuri nu este ridicat. \u0218i brusc, dup\u0103 orele de lucru, num\u0103rul de spamuri blocate a crescut aproape dublu. Am decis s\u0103 ne uit\u0103m mai atent.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mai mult dec\u00e2t anti-spam: cum s\u0103 extragi maximum din Security Email Gateway\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/d59ba7406906b18634475a5ddc879c76.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nObserv\u0103m c\u0103 a crescut num\u0103rul de e-mailuri trimise, iar \u00een c\u00e2mpul \u201eExpeditor\u201d apar adrese din domeniul care este conectat la serviciul de protec\u021bie a e-mailului. Dar exist\u0103 o mic\u0103 problem\u0103: printre adresele care par a fi reale, poate chiar existente, se strecoar\u0103 unele care sunt evident ciudate. Am verificat IP-urile de la care au fost trimise e-mailurile \u0219i, a\u0219a cum ne-am a\u0219teptat, s-a dovedit c\u0103 ele nu apar\u021bin domeniului protejat. Evident, atacatorul trimitea spam \u00een numele clientului. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest caz, am elaborat pentru client recomand\u0103ri pentru configurarea corect\u0103 a \u00eenregistr\u0103rilor DNS, \u00een special SPF. Specialistul nostru a recomandat s\u0103 se creeze o \u00eenregistrare TXT, care s\u0103 con\u021bin\u0103 regula \u201ev=spf1 mx ip:1.2.3.4\/23 -all\u201d, care con\u021bine o list\u0103 exhaustiv\u0103 de adrese autorizate s\u0103 trimit\u0103 e-mailuri \u00een numele domeniului protejat. <\/p>\n<p>De fapt, de ce este important acest lucru: spamul din partea unei companii mici necunoscute este nepl\u0103cut, dar nu este critic. Situa\u021bia este complet diferit\u0103, de exemplu, \u00een sectorul bancar. Conform observa\u021biilor noastre, nivelul de \u00eencredere al victimei \u00een e-mailurile de phishing cre\u0219te de mai multe ori dac\u0103 sunt trimise aparent din domeniul altei b\u0103nci sau al unui partener cunoscut victimei. \u0218i aceasta nu se aplic\u0103 doar angaja\u021bilor din domeniul bancar; \u00eent\u00e2lnim aceea\u0219i tendin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i \u00een alte sectoare, cum ar fi energia. <\/p>\n<h2>Elimin\u0103m viru\u0219ii<\/h2>\n<p>\nDar spoofingul nu este o problem\u0103 at\u00e2t de frecvent\u0103 ca, de exemplu, infec\u021biile virale. \u0218i cum se lupt\u0103 cel mai des cu epidemii virale? Instaleaz\u0103 un antivirus \u0219i sper\u0103 c\u0103 \u201einamicul nu va trece\u201d. Dar dac\u0103 totul ar fi at\u00e2t de simplu, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere costul suficient de sc\u0103zut al antivirusurilor, toat\u0103 lumea ar fi uitat deja de problema malware-ului. \u00cens\u0103 noi primim constant cereri de genul \u201eajuta\u021bi-ne s\u0103 recuper\u0103m fi\u0219ierele, ne-au criptat totul, munca este oprit\u0103, datele sunt pierdute\u201d. Nu ne oprim din a repeta clien\u021bilor c\u0103 un antivirus nu este o panacee. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 faptul c\u0103 bazele de date antivirus pot s\u0103 nu se actualizeze suficient de repede, \u00eent\u00e2lnim adesea malware capabil s\u0103 ocoleasc\u0103 nu doar antivirusurile, ci \u0219i sandboxurile. <\/p>\n<p>Din p\u0103cate, pu\u021bini angaja\u021bi obi\u0219nui\u021bi ai organiza\u021biilor sunt con\u0219tien\u021bi de e-mailurile de phishing \u0219i cele mali\u021bioase \u0219i sunt capabili s\u0103 le disting\u0103 de coresponden\u021ba obi\u0219nuit\u0103. \u00cen medie, fiecare al \u0219aptelea utilizator care nu beneficiaz\u0103 de formare constant\u0103 \u00een domeniul con\u0219tientiz\u0103rii cedeaz\u0103 la inginerie social\u0103: deschide un fi\u0219ier infectat sau trimite datele sale infractorilor. <\/p>\n<p>De\u0219i vectorul social al atacurilor a crescut constant \u00een general, anul trecut aceast\u0103 tendin\u021b\u0103 a devenit deosebit de vizibil\u0103. E-mailurile de phishing au \u00eenceput s\u0103 semene din ce \u00een ce mai mult cu buletinele de \u0219tiri despre promo\u021bii, evenimente viitoare etc. Aici putem aminti atacul Silence asupra sectorului financiar - angaja\u021bii b\u0103ncilor primeau un e-mail care p\u0103rea s\u0103 con\u021bin\u0103 un cod promo\u021bional pentru a participa la conferin\u021ba de sector iFin, iar procentul celor care au c\u0103zut \u00een capcan\u0103 a fost foarte ridicat, de\u0219i, s\u0103 ne amintim, vorbim despre sectorul bancar - cel mai avansat \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te securitatea informa\u021bional\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen ajunul Anului Nou trecut, am observat, de asemenea, c\u00e2teva situa\u021bii destul de amuzante, c\u00e2nd angaja\u021bii companiilor industriale au primit e-mailuri de phishing de foarte bun\u0103 calitate, cu \u201elista\u201d ac\u021biunilor de Anul Nou din cele mai populare magazine online \u0219i cu coduri promo\u021bionale pentru reduceri. Angaja\u021bii nu doar c\u0103 au \u00eencercat s\u0103 acceseze linkul, dar au \u0219i trimis e-mailul colegilor din organiza\u021bii conexe. Deoarece resursa la care ducea linkul din e-mailul de phishing a fost blocat\u0103, angaja\u021bii au \u00eenceput s\u0103 fac\u0103 cereri masive c\u0103tre departamentul IT pentru a ob\u021bine acces la aceasta. \u00cen general, succesul trimiterii trebuie s\u0103 fi dep\u0103\u0219it toate a\u0219tept\u0103rile infractorilor. <\/p>\n<p>Recent, o companie ne-a solicitat ajutorul, fiind \u201ecriptat\u0103\u201d. Totul a \u00eenceput atunci c\u00e2nd angaja\u021bii contabilit\u0103\u021bii au primit un e-mail care p\u0103rea s\u0103 provin\u0103 de la Banca Central\u0103 a Federa\u021biei Ruse. Un contabil a f\u0103cut clic pe linkul din e-mail - \u0219i \u0219i-a desc\u0103rcat pe calculator minerul WannaMine, care, la fel ca binecunoscutul WannaCry, exploata vulnerabilitatea EternalBlue. Ceea ce este cel mai interesant este c\u0103 majoritatea antiviruselor pot detecta semn\u0103turile sale \u00eenc\u0103 din \u00eenceputul anului 2018. Dar, fie c\u0103 antivirusul era oprit, fie c\u0103 bazele de date nu au fost actualizate, fie c\u0103 nu exista deloc, - \u00een orice caz, minerul era deja pe computer, \u0219i nimic nu i-a \u00eempiedicat s\u0103 se r\u0103sp\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 mai departe \u00een re\u021bea, \u00eenc\u0103rc\u00e2nd CPU <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/\"   title=\"servere\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1457\">servere<\/a> \u0219i ARM la 100%.<\/p>\n<p>Acest client, dup\u0103 ce a primit raportul grupului nostru de analiz\u0103 de forenzic\u0103, a v\u0103zut c\u0103 virusul a p\u0103truns ini\u021bial prin e-mail \u0219i a lansat un proiect pilot pentru conectarea unui serviciu de protec\u021bie a e-mailului. Primul lucru pe care l-am configurat a fost antivirusul de e-mail. Scanarea constant\u0103 pentru malware se efectueaz\u0103 continuu, iar actualiz\u0103rile semn\u0103turilor se realizau ini\u021bial la fiecare or\u0103, iar apoi clientul a trecut la un program de dou\u0103 ori pe zi. <\/p>\n<p>O protec\u021bie eficient\u0103 \u00eempotriva infect\u0103rilor virale trebuie s\u0103 fie stratificat\u0103. Vorbind despre transmiterea virusurilor prin e-mail, este necesar s\u0103 filtr\u0103m astfel de mesaje la intrare, s\u0103 instruim utilizatorii s\u0103 recunoasc\u0103 ingineria social\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 ne baz\u0103m ulterior pe antivirusi \u0219i sandbox-uri. <\/p>\n<h2>\u00centotdeauna la datorie<\/h2>\n<p>\nDesigur, nu sus\u021binem c\u0103 solu\u021biile din categoria Secure Email Gateway sunt o panacee. Atacurile \u021bintite, inclusiv phishingul \u021bintit, sunt extrem de greu de prevenit, deoarece fiecare astfel de atac este \u201epersonalizat\u201d pentru un anumit destinatari (organiza\u021bie sau persoan\u0103). Dar pentru o companie care \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 asigure un nivel de baz\u0103 de securitate, aceasta este o aport semnificativ, mai ales cu experien\u021ba \u0219i expertiza corect aplicate la sarcin\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Cel mai adesea, \u00een cazul phishingului \u021bintit, mesajele nu includ ata\u0219amente malware, altfel sistemul de anti-spam ar bloca imediat astfel de mesaje \u00eenainte de a ajunge la destinatar. \u00cen schimb, sunt incluse \u00een textul mesajului linkuri c\u0103tre un site web preg\u0103tit \u00een prealabil, iar apoi totul depinde de asta. Utilizatorul acceseaz\u0103 linkul \u0219i, dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva redirec\u021bion\u0103ri, \u00een c\u00e2teva secunde ajunge la ultimul din \u00eentreaga serie, deschiderea c\u0103ruia va desc\u0103rca malware pe computer. <\/p>\n<p>Chiar mai sofisticat: \u00een momentul primirii mesajului, linkul poate fi inofensiv \u0219i abia dup\u0103 un timp, c\u00e2nd a fost deja scanat \u0219i aprobat, va \u00eencepe s\u0103 redirec\u021bioneze c\u0103tre un malware. Din p\u0103cate, speciali\u0219tii Solar JSOC, chiar av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere competen\u021bele lor, nu vor putea configura gateway-ul de e-mail astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 \u201evad\u0103\u201d malware-ul pe \u00eentreaga cale (de\u0219i ca protec\u021bie se pot utiliza \u00eenlocuirea automat\u0103 a tuturor linkurilor din mesaje pe SEG, pentru ca acesta s\u0103 scaneze linkul nu doar \u00een momentul livr\u0103rii mesajului, ci la fiecare acces). <\/p>\n<p>\u00centre timp, chiar \u0219i cu redirec\u021bionarea tipic\u0103, ajut\u0103 la gestionarea agregarea mai multor tipuri de expertize, inclusiv datele ob\u021binute de JSOC CERT \u0219i OSINT. Aceasta permite formarea unor liste negre extinse, pe baza c\u0103rora chiar \u0219i un e-mail cu redirec\u021bionare multipl\u0103 va fi blocat. <\/p>\n<p>Utilizarea SEG este doar o c\u0103r\u0103mid\u0103 mic\u0103 \u00een zidul pe care orice organiza\u021bie dore\u0219te s\u0103-l construiasc\u0103 pentru a-\u0219i proteja activele. Dar acest element trebuie s\u0103 fie integrat corect \u00een imaginea de ansamblu, deoarece chiar \u0219i SEG, atunci c\u00e2nd este configurat corect, poate deveni un instrument complet de protec\u021bie. <\/p>\n<p><i>Ksenia Sadunina, consultant \u00een departamentul de pre-v\u00e2nz\u0103ri pentru produsele \u0219i serviciile Solar JSOC<\/i><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/solarsecurity\/blog\/477362\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 Enterprise \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0448\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0445\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0444\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u043c-\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0444\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 2015 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 (\u0430 \u0443\u0436 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432 2020) \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 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