{"id":53261,"date":"2019-11-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-26T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/chto-ostanetsya-v-servernoj"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:09","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:09","slug":"chto-ostanetsya-v-servernoj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-ostanetsya-v-servernoj","title":{"rendered":"Ce va r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een server?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Ce<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Multe organiza\u021bii utilizeaz\u0103 servicii cloud sau \u00ee\u0219i mut\u0103 echipamentele \u00een
\ndata center. Ce are sens s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een sala serverelor \u0219i cum s\u0103 organiz\u0103m cel mai bine protec\u021bia perimetrului re\u021belei de birou \u00een aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie?<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

C\u00e2ndva totul era pe server<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

La \u00eenceputul dezvolt\u0103rii Internetului din Rusia, majoritatea companiilor rezolvau problema infrastructurii IT cam dup\u0103 acela\u0219i model: se aloca o camer\u0103, unde se instala aer condi\u021bionat \u0219i unde se concentra aproape tot echipamentul de re\u021bea \u0219i servere.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Administratorul de sistem configura unul sau mai multe servere pe FreeBSD, Linux sau OpenSolaris \u0219i altele. \u0218i apoi folosea acest \u201esistem\u201d pentru a rula serviciile necesare: de la servere web, po\u0219t\u0103 corporativ\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la servere de fi\u0219iere.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Atunci c\u00e2nd o companie cre\u0219te \u0219i se dezvolt\u0103, inevitabil se confrunt\u0103 cu situa\u021bia \u00een care sala serverelor nu mai corespunde cerin\u021belor. Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 bani, se poate construi un data center propriu. Poate fi mai rentabil s\u0103 \u00eenchiriezi rack-uri \u00een data centere comerciale. O alimentare electric\u0103 de calitate bazat\u0103 pe DRUPS, un sistem industrial de aer condi\u021bionat, un personal complet de speciali\u0219ti foarte specializa\u021bi \u2014 aceste lucruri sunt pu\u021bin accesibile \u00een cazul cu sala de servere de birou.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Urma\u0219ii marii afaceri, \u00een con\u0219tiin\u021ba conducerii companiilor medii \u0219i mici, treptat se transform\u0103 de la psihologia \u201etotul este al meu, \u00eel iau cu mine\u201d \u0219i \u201ecasa mea este fort\u0103rea\u021ba mea\u201d la \u201ea preda pe m\u00e2na altora \u0219i a nu mai fi \u00eengrijorat\u201d.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pentru micile afaceri, astfel de op\u021biuni \u201epe m\u00e2na altora\u201d au fost furnizorii de cloud. Dac\u0103 \u00eenainte, pentru o companie de 40 de persoane, a avea propriul server de po\u0219t\u0103 era un lucru evident, ast\u0103zi serviciul de la Google atrage de partea sa pe to\u021bi cei care \u00eenainte nu \u00ee\u0219i imaginau munc\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 propriul Sendmail sau Postfix.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

O mare ajutor \u00een aceast\u0103 \u201emuta\u021bie\u201d l-au oferit sistemele virtuale. Dac\u0103 \u00eenainte de apari\u021bia lor trebuia s\u0103 transporta\u021bi \u00eentregul server fizic sau s\u0103 configura\u021bi totul pe un nou \u201ehardware\u201d, acum este suficient s\u0103 muta\u021bi imaginea unei ma\u0219ini virtuale.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ce va mai r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een acea mic\u0103 camer\u0103 cu aer condi\u021bionat?<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, este vorba despre echipamentele de re\u021bea. At\u00e2t cele active, c\u00e2t \u0219i cele pasive. Adesea, sub denumirea r\u0103sun\u0103toare de \u201eserver\u201d se \u00een\u021belege un cross-connect cu resturi de echipamente de re\u021bea. \u0218i pentru astfel de cazuri nu este necesar un spa\u021biu special cu un sistem puternic de aer condi\u021bionat, alimentare electric\u0103 etc.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

A doua grup\u0103 de echipamente, pe care deocamdat\u0103 este greu s\u0103 o elimin\u0103m din server, este gateway-urile
\nde securitate.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Dar ce fel de gateway-uri sunt acestea? A\u0219a cum s-a spus mai sus, dac\u0103 \u00een trecutul apropiat administratorul de sistem dispunea de unul sau mai multe servere, unde se putea desf\u0103\u0219ura tot ce dorea, acum s-ar putea s\u0103 nu mai existe un astfel de lux.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cens\u0103 necesitatea de a ne proteja de amenin\u021b\u0103rile externe nu a disp\u0103rut. \u00cen mod evident, putem muta toate serviciile \u0219i echipamentele necesare complet \u00eentr-un Data Center \u0219i s\u0103 direc\u021bion\u0103m traficul de la un astfel de gateway c\u0103tre cross-connectul de birou printr-un canal securizat, de exemplu, prin VPN.
\nAceast\u0103 schem\u0103 arat\u0103 atractiv\u0103 la prima vedere, dac\u0103 nu ar fi cre\u0219terea \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii pe canalele existente. Dac\u0103 nu existe dorin\u021ba de a pl\u0103ti pentru un canal mai \u201elat\u201d, aceasta nu este tocmai ceea ce ne trebuie.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

O alt\u0103 op\u021biune este achizi\u021bionarea unui dispozitiv specializat pentru protec\u021bia traficului, al c\u0103rui design, datorit\u0103 specializ\u0103rii sale reduse, permite s\u0103 ne descurc\u0103m f\u0103r\u0103 componente energetice \u0219i termice puternice.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u201eZoologicul\u201d nu va fi necesar<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cen absen\u021ba unei servere clasice, este mult mai bine s\u0103 ob\u021binem de la \u00eenceput mai multe servicii \u201e\u00eentr-o singur\u0103 cutie\u201d, dec\u00e2t s\u0103 cre\u0103m un \u201ezoologic\u201d \u00eentr-un spa\u021biu mic, ba chiar \u00een limitele unei mici dulapuri de cross-connect. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, solu\u021bia ar trebui s\u0103 fie accesibil\u0103, testat\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 aib\u0103 suport normal \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Not\u0103. Ne referim \u00een prezent la birouri foarte mici, medii \u0219i mai mari. Marii companii care \u00ee\u0219i construiesc propriile DC-uri nu sunt incluse deocamdat\u0103 \u2014 \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 articol \u201enu putem cuprinde totul\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0218i pentru fiecare caz, Zyxel are deja o solu\u021bie, toate \u00een cadrul unei singure linii de produse. Cu alte cuvinte, \u201ezoologicul\u201d nu va fi necesar.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Gateway-urile de securitate ZyWALL ATP<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Am mai discutat anterior despre principiile de func\u021bionare ale unor astfel de dispozitive pe exemplul ZyWALL ATP200<\/a><\/noindex>, Caracteristica principal const\u0103 \u00een combina\u021bia dintre un firewall \u0219i serviciul de securitate \u00een cloud Zyxel Cloud. Datorit\u0103 acestei distribu\u021bii a responsabilit\u0103\u021bilor, ZyWALL ATP abordeaz\u0103 o gam\u0103 destul de larg\u0103 de probleme legate de protec\u021bia perimetrului, f\u0103r\u0103 a necesita resurse hardware suplimentare.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Lista func\u021biilor de protec\u021bie este destul de bogat\u0103 (vezi tabelul 1), incluz\u00e2nd instrumentele analitice SecuReporter \u0219i Sandboxing \u2013 o \u201esandbox\u201d pentru analiza preliminar\u0103 a con\u021binutului desc\u0103rcat.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Este important s\u0103 subliniem din nou \u2013 \u00een acest caz, pur \u0219i simplu transfer\u0103m serviciile din biroul local \u00een cloud. Tot restul este gestionat de Zyxel Cloud \u00een mod anonim. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 comoditate, aceast\u0103 abordare asigur\u0103 o protec\u021bie eficient\u0103 \u00eempotriva amenin\u021b\u0103rilor de tip zero-day, datorit\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103rii automate \u0219i schimbului de informa\u021bii \u00eentre gateway-urile ATP din \u00eentreaga lume. O re\u021bea neuronal\u0103 \u00eentreag\u0103 a fost construit\u0103 pentru protec\u021bie.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Citat<\/a><\/noindex>: \u201eAtunci c\u00e2nd se descoper\u0103 un fi\u0219ier necunoscut, Cloud Query verific\u0103 rapid (\u00een c\u00e2teva secunde) hash-ul acestuia \u00een baza de date cloud \u0219i stabile\u0219te dac\u0103 este periculos sau nu. Pentru func\u021bionarea acestui serviciu este necesar un minim de resurse de re\u021bea, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 nu afecteze performan\u021ba dispozitivului. Eficien\u021ba protec\u021biei \u00eempotriva amenin\u021b\u0103rilor este asigurat\u0103 de utilizarea unei baze de date cloud \u00een continu\u0103 actualizare, care con\u021bine date despre miliarde de amenin\u021b\u0103ri. Cererea cloud accelereaz\u0103, de asemenea, activitatea func\u021biilor inteligente de detectare a noilor amenin\u021b\u0103ri din Zyxel Security Cloud, consolid\u00e2nd astfel protec\u021bia \u00eempotriva software-ului mali\u021bios a fiec\u0103rui firewall ATP.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Ce<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Tabelul 1. Specifica\u021biile tehnice ale gamelor ZyWALL ATP<\/em>.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Observa\u021bii:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

(1) Performan\u021ba real\u0103 depinde foarte mult de condi\u021biile re\u021belei \u0219i de aplica\u021biile active.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

(2) Capacitatea maxim\u0103 de transfer se bazeaz\u0103 pe RFC 2544 (pachete UDP de 1.518 byte).<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

(3) Capacitatea m\u0103surat\u0103 a VPN-ului se bazeaz\u0103 pe RFC 2544 (pachete UDP de 1.424 byte).<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

(4) Metricile AV \u0219i IDP ale capacit\u0103\u021bii de transfer utilizeaz\u0103 standardul industrial HTTP pentru testarea performan\u021bei (pachete HTTP de 1.460 byte). Testarea a fost efectuat\u0103 \u00een mod multi-thread.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

(5) La m\u0103surarea num\u0103rului maxim posibil de sesiuni, s-a folosit un instrument standard industrial \u2013 instrumentul de testare IXIA IxLoad.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

(6) Rezultatele testului de vitez\u0103 a conexiunii cu 1Gbps WAN au fost realizate \u00een condi\u021bii reale \u0219i pot avea mici abateri \u00een func\u021bie de calitatea canalului.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

(7): Dup\u0103 expirarea Gold Pack, vor fi sus\u021binute doar 2 AP.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

(8): Func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bile pot fi activate sau extinse prin achizi\u021bionarea de licen\u021be suplimentare pentru serviciile Zyxel.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

V\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 verifica\u021bi setul de servicii VPN acceptate. Practic, tot ce ave\u021bi nevoie pentru a comunica cu sediul central sau biroul de acas\u0103 este \u201e\u00eentr-un singur pachet\u201d, de aceea acest dispozitiv poate fi recomandat at\u00e2t ca punct final de comunicare pentru filial\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru sprijinirea muncii de la distan\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Solu\u021bii pentru birouri mici<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Birourile mici pot fi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite, \u00een linii mari, \u00een dou\u0103 grupuri: \u00eentreprinderi independente \u0219i filiale ale companiilor mari.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Independentele sunt acele \u00eentreprinderi nou \u00eenfiin\u021bate \u0219i cele care vor r\u0103m\u00e2ne mici. De exemplu, birouri de design, studiouri de arhitectur\u0103, redac\u021bii de mici medii de comunicare etc. Aceste unit\u0103\u021bi de afaceri folosesc adesea servicii cloud, cel pu\u021bin po\u0219t\u0103 \u0219i partajarea fi\u0219ierelor.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Filialele organiza\u021biilor mai mari \u2014 pentru acestea, cel mai important este s\u0103 aib\u0103 o conexiune stabil\u0103 cu biroul central. Tot restul se afl\u0103 \u00een \u201eCentrul\u201d.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Adesea, aceste \u201emicu\u021be\u201d au nevoie de o interfa\u021b\u0103 simpl\u0103 de gestionare. Adesea, administratorul de re\u021bea de la sediul central nu are posibilitatea de a se deplasa rapid \u00een col\u021buri \u00eendep\u0103rtate pentru a rezolva problema noii filiale. Companiile mici locale nu au deloc aceast\u0103 posibilitate. Trebuie s\u0103 recurg\u0103 la serviciile unui \u201eadministrator venit\u201d.
\nPentru astfel de cazuri, este necesar\u0103 o gestionare pe principiul \u201ecu c\u00e2t este mai simplu, cu at\u00e2t este mai fiabil\u201d.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pentru birouri mici, are sens s\u0103 folosi\u021bi modele ZyWALL ATP100 \u0219i ZyWALL ATP200.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Gateway de re\u021bea ATP100<\/a><\/noindex> a ap\u0103rut relativ recent, dar a intrat deja \u00een v\u00e2nzare<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Principala diferen\u021b\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de fratele s\u0103u mai mare (ATP200<\/a><\/noindex>) este c\u0103 acesta este destinat unei \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103ri mai mici \u0219i nu are un suport pentru rack de 19 inch. Este recomandat pentru birouri de acas\u0103, companii mici, filiale etc.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Ce<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Figura 1. ZyWALL ATP100.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Printre tr\u0103s\u0103turile constructive: ATP100 \u0219i ATP200 sunt modele f\u0103r\u0103 ventilator. Ce este bun \u00een asta: pe de o parte, nu exist\u0103 zgomot, pe de alt\u0103 parte, nu este necesar\u0103 schimbarea ventilatorului. \u00cen situa\u021bia cu \u201eadministratorul venit\u201d, acesta este un parametru \u00eendeajuns de important.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Ce<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Figura 2. ZyWALL ATP200.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Modelul ATP200 suport\u0103 dou\u0103 porturi WAN \u0219i poate fi conectat la dou\u0103 linii independente, de exemplu, de la diferi\u021bi furnizori. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

A\u0219a cum s-a men\u021bionat anterior, pentru un mic birou, cel mai important lucru dup\u0103 o alimentare stabil\u0103 cu electricitate este o conexiune fiabil\u0103. Din p\u0103cate, furnizorii locali nu pot garanta \u00eentotdeauna c\u0103 nu vor ap\u0103rea \u00eentreruperi. Este necesar s\u0103 c\u0103ut\u0103m op\u021biuni alternative.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

IMPORTANT!<\/em><\/strong> Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 porturile speciale WAN, modelele ATP dispun de porturi USB la care pot fi conectate modemuri USB \u0219i utilizate ca WAN. Aceast\u0103 posibilitate este disponibil\u0103 pentru toate modelele ATP.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 dispozitivul are un port SFP, acesta poate fi, de asemenea, utilizat ca WAN. Aceast\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 este disponibil\u0103 pentru toate modelele ATP.<\/em> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Iat\u0103 un astfel de truc de la compania Zyxel.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Companii medii<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Pentru companiile medii, Zyxel are un echipament destul de bun \u2014 ZyWALL ATP500<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Aceasta este o poart\u0103 de nou\u0103 genera\u021bie cu protec\u021bie extins\u0103 \u00eempotriva amenin\u021b\u0103rilor evolutive.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Printre tr\u0103s\u0103turile interesante:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

7 porturi configurabile permit o setare flexibil\u0103, de exemplu, 2 WAN, 2 DMZ \u0219i 3 LAN, la conectarea a 3 VLAN-uri separate pentru utilizare intern\u0103. De asemenea, exist\u0103 1 port SFP.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Ce<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Figura 3. ZyWALL ATP500.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 posibilitatea de func\u021bionare \u00een modul cluster de \u00eenalt\u0103 disponibilitate Device HA Pro din dou\u0103 ZyWALL ATP500. Dac\u0103 unul nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103, cel\u0103lalt va asigura \u00een continuare conexiunea.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Folosind func\u021biile ATP500 pe deplin, se poate ob\u021bine o conexiune flexibil\u0103,
\nfiabil\u0103 \u0219i sigur\u0103 cu exteriorul sau cu un nod specific, de exemplu,
\nsediul central.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Birouri mai mari<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Pentru acestea, se recomand\u0103 cea mai puternic\u0103 variant\u0103 din aceast\u0103 gam\u0103 \u2014 ATP800.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Acest model are un num\u0103r considerabil de porturi: 12 RJ-45 \u0219i 2 SFP, toate pot fi configurate \u00een mod WAN, LAN sau DNZ, ceea ce permite utilizarea mai multor WLAN-uri, organizarea mai multor DMZ \u0219i va mai r\u0103m\u00e2ne posibilitatea de a avea o ie\u0219ire la re\u021beaua extern\u0103 pentru o infrastructur\u0103 intern\u0103 complex\u0103. Este potrivit pentru birouri relativ mari cu o re\u021bea dezvoltat\u0103 \u0219i cerin\u021be ridicate de securitate \u0219i delimitare a accesului.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Ce<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Figura 4. ZyWALL ATP800.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

De asemenea, merit\u0103 men\u021bionat c\u0103 acest model este recomandat pentru achizi\u021bionare cu perspectiva \"de cre\u0219tere\". Dac\u0103 se anticipeaz\u0103 o expansiune a companiei, de exemplu, dezvoltarea unei re\u021bele locale de magazine, are sens s\u0103 se achizi\u021bioneze din timp un model mai puternic, pentru a nu cheltui banii de dou\u0103 ori.<\/p>\n

A\u0219a cum vedem, chiar \u0219i \u00een cele mai austere condi\u021bii, se poate asigura un bun nivel de protec\u021bie, fiabilitate \u0219i flexibilitate \u00een operare.<\/p>\n

Asisten\u021b\u0103 tehnic\u0103, sfaturi, discu\u021bii, \u0219tiri, oferte \u0219i anun\u021buri \u2014 Al\u0103tur\u0103-te <\/a><\/noindex> nou\u0103 pe Telegram! <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Linkuri utile<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    Colocare: cum, de ce \u0219i pentru ce<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    \n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    M\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 micul dejun tu, \u00eemparte munca cu \u00abcloud\u00bb-ul<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    \n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Pagina gateway-ului de securitate ZyWALL ATP100<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    \n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    Pagina gateway-ului de securitate ZyWALL ATP200<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    \n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    Pagina gateway-ului de securitate ZyWALL ATP500<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    \n<\/li>\n

  6. \n

    Pagina gateway-ului de securitate ZyWALL ATP800<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    \n<\/li>\n

  7. \n

    Serviciul nostru este at\u00e2t periculos, c\u00e2t \u0219i dificil, sau Zyxel ATP500<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    \n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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