{"id":53623,"date":"2019-12-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-05T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/bitva-web-serverov-chast-1-otorvannyj-ot-realnosti-http"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:33","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:33","slug":"bitva-web-serverov-chast-1-otorvannyj-ot-realnosti-http","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/bitva-web-serverov-chast-1-otorvannyj-ot-realnosti-http","title":{"rendered":"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen acest articol, vom \u00eencerca s\u0103 ne aventur\u0103m \u00een ingineria invers\u0103, s\u0103 spunem. Ne vom uita cu m\u00e2inile murdare sub capota fiec\u0103rui server web, exploat\u00e2ndu-le a\u0219a cum nimeni nu ar face-o vreodat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Acest test este m\u0103surarea unui cal sferic \u00een vid, nu mai mult dec\u00e2t datele care au fost ob\u021binute, \u0219i acum nu \u0219tim ce s\u0103 facem cu ele.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ultravds\/blog\/478854\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/3a7956c368c3ba63ef6373674804acaa.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Metodologia<\/h2>\n<p>\nPentru Nginx \u0219i Apache, sistemul de operare utilizat este Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, iar pentru IIS, Windows Server Core 2019. Toate sistemele de operare au primit ultimele actualiz\u0103ri \u00eenainte de testare, la data de 04.12.2019.<\/p>\n<p>Testele au fost efectuate exclusiv prin HTTP. Pe fiecare dintre serverele web rula aceea\u0219i pagin\u0103, un \u0219ablon gratuit pentru Jekyll de la Codrops. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tympanus.net\/codrops\/2018\/04\/20\/freebie-oasis-jekyll-website-template\/\">Link<\/a><\/noindex>. Pe fiecare dintre serverele web a fost dezactivat\u0103 compresia gzip.<\/p>\n<p>Testul de l\u0103\u021bime de band\u0103 a fost efectuat cu Httpd-tools cu argumentele:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">ab -n 50000 -c 500 http:\/\/192.168.76.204:80\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nServerele au fost limitate la 10%, 5% \u0219i 1% din CPU pe 8, 4 \u0219i, respectiv, un nucleu. Ca banc de testare, a fost folosit un computer cu 9900K@5400MHz, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 serverul cu limita de 10% prime\u0219te aproximativ 540MHz pe nucleu.<\/p>\n<p>Testul TTFB a fost efectuat la prima \u00eenc\u0103rcare a serverului \u0219i a fost m\u0103surat cu ajutorul DevTools, dup\u0103 ob\u021binerea rezultatului, serverul a fost oprit \u0219i restaurat la punctul de control anterior, pentru a exclude apari\u021bia oric\u0103rui tip de cache.<\/p>\n<p>Testerul \u0219i serverul web se aflau pe acela\u0219i host \u0219i pe acela\u0219i switch virtual.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a evalua imediat subsistemul de stocare, rezultatele benchmark-ului ATTO \u0219i CrystalDiskMark sunt prezentate pentru a avea o idee despre punctele nevralgice.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Datele au fost ob\u021binute de pe o ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103:<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/c2a464331084fc9abc85c78801d6fdcd.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/a991f1269577e0d518d9d8d7e8781504.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/a016306c7758bcb9552543ce9b650821.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/14d0219d1316ea478d65106658e0da73.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Rezultatele:<\/h2>\n<p>\nTTFB:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/49a5364dae59253537c31b128472c018.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>TTFB-ul mediu la IIS este cel mai mic, 0,5ms, comparativ cu 1,4ms la Apache \u0219i 4ms la Nginx.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Debitul:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Mai \u00eent\u00e2i, s\u0103 ne uit\u0103m la c\u00e2t de bine se scaleaz\u0103 fiecare server \u00een func\u021bie de num\u0103rul de nuclei.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/9f6f221213d37a9349eac889ad6a1c86.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPe grafic este prezentat num\u0103rul de solicit\u0103ri ale testerului c\u0103tre serverul web \u0219i laten\u021ba. Este vizibil c\u0103 NGINX a gestionat 98% din toate solicit\u0103rile, livr\u00e2nd site-ul \u00een 20ms sau mai pu\u021bin. IIS, la fel ca Apache, a gestionat ultimele 5% din toate solicit\u0103rile \u00een 76ms \u0219i respectiv 14ms.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/903b294d00e5c7b65cf0380c012e1a24.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/6a0822bb8261a40514fa899a0eb33145.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/e66a72b5c84a70867085f6967dc58f51.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nGraficul arat\u0103 timpul mediu de procesare al unei singure solicit\u0103ri \u00een timpul testului de stres.<\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 cum se poate observa din grafice, IIS a fost dep\u0103\u0219it at\u00e2t de Apache c\u00e2t \u0219i de Nginx, \u00eencetinindu-se semnificativ sub o sarcin\u0103 mare.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>IIS a preferat evident 4 nuclee \u00een fa\u021ba a opt, ar\u0103t\u00e2nd \u00eent\u00e2rzieri mai mici la patru, dar, de asemenea, nu a apreciat semnificativ nici un nucleu.<\/p>\n<p>NGINX se scaleaz\u0103 perfect pe toate cele 8 nuclee, iar pentru Apache, se pare c\u0103 un scenariu pe un singur nucleu este cea mai bun\u0103 alegere.<\/p>\n<h2>Scalabilitate:<\/h2>\n<p>\n<b>Nginx:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Acum s\u0103 analiz\u0103m scalabilitatea \u00een func\u021bie de frecven\u021b\u0103 \u0219i num\u0103rul de nuclee.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/526bc9786e458b40d8831d46a7773ada.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nTestele cu o limit\u0103 de 1% pe 4 \u0219i 1 nucleu Nginx nu au trecut, de\u0219i a dep\u0103\u0219it 2000 de cereri, a \u00eentrerupt conexiunea cu testatorul.<\/p>\n<p><b>Apache:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/be0862743523ff3dc334904987922b86.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nApache, la fel ca Nginx, a procesat 2500 de cereri, dar s-a predat \u0219i a \u00eentrerupt conexiunea. Apache nu a trecut testul pe 8, 4 \u0219i 1 nucleu cu limita de 1%, dar, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 aceasta, nu a trecut nici testul cu o limit\u0103 de 5% pe un nucleu, ceea ce este mai r\u0103u dec\u00e2t Nginx.<\/p>\n<p><b>IIS:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/d16bfc3ad3bcae98c8d37cc7b34d5fe9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nIIS a acumulat o coad\u0103 uria\u0219\u0103 de cereri \u00een timpul testelor, dar a procesat fiecare dintre ele. Se pare c\u0103 nu are timpi de expirare pentru procesarea cererii din fabric\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ee9f7af9f881c15a165b1b68eb4950d6.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nDiagrama ilustreaz\u0103 timpul necesar pentru finalizarea testului. Configura\u021biile de testare complet absurde au fost eliminate. Din diagram\u0103 se poate vedea c\u00e2t de solicitant este IIS pentru hardware \u0219i c\u00e2t de minunat este NGINX.<\/p>\n<h2>Scalabilitate \u00een func\u021bie de disc:<\/h2>\n<p>\n<b>Nginx:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Acum s\u0103 analiz\u0103m scalabilitatea \u00een func\u021bie de frecven\u021b\u0103, num\u0103rul de nuclee \u0219i viteza discului.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/978b210f1f8bb8b8b4f64b9882385f8c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nDe data aceasta, Nginx nu a trecut 4 teste, \u00een loc de dou\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><b>Apache:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/eaa85257cd0c15b8184c1094ff070049.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nApache a e\u0219uat \u00een acela\u0219i num\u0103r de teste ca \u0219i data trecut\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><b>IIS:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/553764705cf7fba6e341cc82c4c7f5b6.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nIIS arat\u0103 un grafic aproape identic, ca \u0219i cum nu ar fi existat restric\u021bii pe disc. \u00cen general, graficele pentru toate serverele nu s-au schimbat semnificativ, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 fiecare dintre ele a stocat statica \u00een memoria RAM \u0219i a livrat de acolo. Aici vedem principalul punct slab \u2013 serverul web \u00een sine.<\/p>\n<p>Este prea devreme s\u0103 tragem concluzii pe baza acestui test, nu am testat \u00eenc\u0103 HTTPS, compresia \u0219i HTTP\/2 cu un certificat activ de la Let\u2019s Encrypt. Vom vorbi despre aceasta \u00een urm\u0103torul articol.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ultravds.com\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia serverelor WEB. Partea 1 \u2013 HTTP rupt de realitate:\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/dd11cfe995504ef694c618e2f9318523.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ultravds\/blog\/478854\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441-\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u041c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u044f\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u2013 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u0435, \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0412 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - 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