{"id":53924,"date":"2019-12-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-12T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/chto-takoe-nfc-i-kak-on-rabotaet-osvezhim-osnovy"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:52","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:52","slug":"chto-takoe-nfc-i-kak-on-rabotaet-osvezhim-osnovy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-takoe-nfc-i-kak-on-rabotaet-osvezhim-osnovy","title":{"rendered":"Ce este NFC \u0219i cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103? S\u0103 re\u00eemprosp\u0103t\u0103m conceptele de baz\u0103.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Bun\u0103 ziua, utilizatorii Habr! V\u0103 prezint traducerea articolului \u201eWhat is NFC and how does it work<\/a><\/noindex>\u201d de Robert Triggs. Pare s\u0103 fie de ce autorul original a scris despre acest subiect \u00een 2019, iar eu \u00eel traduc la \u00eenceputul anului 2020? Ast\u0103zi, NFC a dob\u00e2ndit o via\u021b\u0103 real\u0103 \u0219i nu mai este o tehnologie geek pentru brelocuri-token. Acum este folosit pentru pl\u0103\u021bi, iar par\u021bial pentru case inteligente \u0219i produc\u021bie inteligent\u0103. De aceea \u2014 de ce s\u0103 nu repet\u0103m ceea ce am \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat, iar pentru unii s\u0103 fie ceva nou?<\/p>\n

\"Ce
\n
\nNFC este o tehnologie wireless \u00een continu\u0103 dezvoltare, datorit\u0103 sistemelor de pl\u0103\u021bi online, cum ar fi Samsung Pay \u0219i Google Pay. \u00cen special, c\u00e2nd vine vorba de dispozitivele flagship \u0219i chiar (smartphone-uri) din clasa medie. Poate a\u021bi auzit acest termen \u00eenainte, dar ce reprezint\u0103 exact NFC? \u00cen aceast\u0103 parte, vom analiza ce este, cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u0219i pentru ce este folosit.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nNFC se Decripteaz\u0103 ca \u201eNear Field Communication\u201d (\u201eComunicarea la distan\u021b\u0103 mic\u0103\u201d) \u0219i, a\u0219a cum sugereaz\u0103 numele, ofer\u0103 conectivitate pe distan\u021be scurte \u00eentre dispozitive compatibile. Acest lucru necesit\u0103 cel pu\u021bin un dispozitiv pentru a transmite \u0219i altul pentru a primi semnalul. O serie de dispozitive utilizeaz\u0103 standardul NFC \u0219i pot fi considerate pasive sau active.<\/p>\n

Dispozitivele NFC pasive includ etichete \u0219i alte transmisii mici care trimit informa\u021bii c\u0103tre alte dispozitive NFC f\u0103r\u0103 a necesita o surs\u0103 de alimentare proprie. Totu\u0219i, ele nu proceseaz\u0103 informa\u021biile trimise din alte surse \u0219i nu se conecteaz\u0103 la alte dispozitive pasive. Acestea sunt adesea folosite pentru semne interactive pe pere\u021bi sau, de exemplu, anun\u021buri publicitare.<\/p>\n

Dispozitivele active pot trimite sau primi date \u0219i pot schimba informa\u021bii \u00eentre ele, precum \u0219i cu dispozitive pasive. \u00cen prezent, smartphone-urile sunt cea mai comun\u0103 form\u0103 de dispozitiv activ NFC. Cititoarele de carduri pentru transportul public \u0219i terminalele de plat\u0103 contactless sunt, de asemenea, exemple bune ale acestei tehnologii. <\/p>\n

Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 NFC?<\/h2>\n

\nAcum \u0219tim ce este NFC, dar cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103? La fel ca Bluetooth, Wi-Fi \u0219i alte semnale wireless, NFC func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe principiul transmiterii informa\u021biilor prin undele radio. Comunicarea de proximitate este unul dintre standardele pentru transmiterea wireless a datelor. Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 dispozitivele trebuie s\u0103 se conformeze unor specifica\u021bii pentru a interac\u021biona corect \u00eentre ele. Tehnologia utilizat\u0103 \u00een NFC se bazeaz\u0103 pe idei mai vechi din RFID (identificare prin radiofrecven\u021b\u0103), \u00een care informa\u021biile erau transmise prin induc\u021bie electromagnetic\u0103.<\/p>\n

Aceasta marcheaz\u0103 o diferen\u021b\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103 \u00eentre NFC \u0219i Bluetooth\/WiFi. Primul poate fi folosit pentru a induce electricitate \u00een componente pasive (\u00een NFC pasiv), precum \u0219i pur \u0219i simplu pentru a trimite date. Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 dispozitivele passive nu necesit\u0103 o surs\u0103 de alimentare proprie. \u00cen schimb, acestea primesc energie de la c\u00e2mpul electromagnetic creat de NFC activ, atunci c\u00e2nd intr\u0103 \u00een zona de ac\u021biune. Din p\u0103cate, tehnologia NFC nu ofer\u0103 induc\u021bia necesar\u0103 pentru a \u00eenc\u0103rca smartphone-urile noastre, dar \u00eenc\u0103rcarea wireless QI se bazeaz\u0103 pe acela\u0219i principiu.<\/p>\n

\"Ce
\n
\nFrecven\u021ba de transfer a datelor prin NFC este de 13,56 megahertzi. Pute\u021bi trimite date cu viteze de 106, 212 sau 424 kbit\/s. Aceasta este suficient de rapid\u0103 pentru intervalul de transfer al datelor - de la informa\u021bii de contact la schimbul de imagini \u0219i muzic\u0103.<\/p>\n

Pentru a determina ce tip de informa\u021bii vor fi disponibile pentru schimb \u00eentre dispozitive, standardul NFC are \u00een prezent trei moduri diferite de operare. Poate cea mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 utilizare a NFC \u00een smartphone-uri este modul de comunica\u021bie peer-to-peer. Acesta permite dou\u0103 dispozitive compatibile NFC s\u0103 schimbe diferite informa\u021bii \u00eentre ele. \u00cen acest mod, ambele dispozitive comut\u0103 \u00eentre activ atunci c\u00e2nd trimit date \u0219i pasiv atunci c\u00e2nd primesc.<\/p>\n

Modul de citire\/scriere este o transmisie unidirec\u021bional\u0103 de date. Dispozitivul activ, posibil smartphone-ul dvs., se conecteaz\u0103 la un alt dispozitiv pentru a citi informa\u021biile de la acesta. Etichetele NFC publicitare folosesc de asemenea acest mod.<\/p>\n

Modulul final de operare este emularea cardului. Dispozitivul NFC func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca un card de credit inteligent sau contactless pentru a efectua pl\u0103\u021bi sau a se conecta la sistemele de plat\u0103 ale transportului public.<\/p>\n

Compararea cu Bluetooth<\/h2>\n

\nA\u0219adar, care este diferen\u021ba dintre NFC \u0219i alte tehnologii wireless? Ve\u021bi putea crede c\u0103 NFC nu este at\u00e2t de necesar, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 Bluetooth este mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u0219i \u0219i-a men\u021binut conducerea de-a lungul anilor (\u0219i, de altfel, este dominant \u00een sistemele de smart home \u0219i smart manufacturing men\u021bionate mai sus). Cu toate acestea, exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva diferen\u021be tehnice importante \u00eentre ele, care ofer\u0103 NFC c\u00e2teva avantaje semnificative \u00een anumite circumstan\u021be. Principala argumentare pentru NFC este c\u0103 necesit\u0103 un consum de energie mult mai mic dec\u00e2t Bluetooth. Acest lucru face NFC ideal pentru dispozitive pasive, cum ar fi etichetele interactive men\u021bionate anterior, deoarece func\u021bioneaz\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 o surs\u0103 principal\u0103 de alimentare.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, aceast\u0103 economisire de energie are c\u00e2teva dezavantaje semnificative. \u00cen special, distan\u021ba de transmisie este mult mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t la Bluetooth. \u00cen timp ce NFC are un interval de operare de 10 cm, doar c\u00e2\u021biva centimetri, Bluetooth transmite date la o distan\u021b\u0103 de pu\u021bin peste 10 metri de surs\u0103. Un alt dezavantaj este c\u0103 NFC este pu\u021bin mai lent dec\u00e2t Bluetooth. Acesta transmite date cu o vitez\u0103 maxim\u0103 de doar 424 kbit\/s, comparativ cu 2,1 Mbit\/s pentru Bluetooth 2.1 sau aproximativ 1 Mbit\/s pentru Bluetooth Low Energy.<\/p>\n

Dar NFC are un avantaj principal: conectarea mai rapid\u0103. D datorit\u0103 utiliz\u0103rii comunica\u021biei inductive \u0219i absen\u021bei asocierii manuale, conexiunea \u00eentre dou\u0103 dispozitive dureaz\u0103 mai pu\u021bin de o zecime de secund\u0103. \u00cen timp ce Bluetooth-ul modern se conecteaz\u0103 destul de repede, NFC r\u0103m\u00e2ne foarte convenabil pentru anumite scenarii. \u0218i, \u00een timp ce pl\u0103\u021bile mobile reprezint\u0103 domeniul s\u0103u incontestabil de aplicare.<\/p>\n

Samsung Pay, Android Pay \u0219i Apple Pay utilizeaz\u0103 tehnologia NFC \u2014 de\u0219i Samsung Pay func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe un principiu diferit, spre deosebire de celelalte. De\u0219i Bluetooth func\u021bioneaz\u0103 mai bine pentru conectarea dispozitivelor pentru transfer\/ schimb de fi\u0219iere, conectarea la difuzoare etc., sper\u0103m c\u0103 NFC va avea mereu un loc \u00een aceast\u0103 lume datorit\u0103 tehnologiilor de pl\u0103\u021bi mobile \u00een continu\u0103 dezvoltare.<\/p>\n

Apropo, o \u00eentrebare pentru Habr - folosi\u021bi token-uri NFC \u00een proiectele voastre? \u00cen ce mod?
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0417\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430! \u042f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u00abWhat is NFC and how does it work\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c Robert Triggs. \u0412\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432 2019-\u043c, \u0430 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435 2020? \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f NFC \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432-\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Ce este NFC \u0219i cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103. S\u0103 ne re\u00eemprosp\u0103t\u0103m cuno\u0219tin\u021bele? | ProHoster","description":"Bun\u0103 ziua, utilizatori ai Habr!","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-takoe-nfc-i-kak-on-rabotaet-osvezhim-osnovy","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 NFC \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u041e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b? | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0417\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430!","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-takoe-nfc-i-kak-on-rabotaet-osvezhim-osnovy","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-12-12T21:00:00+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-02-18T11:01:52+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"53924","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-24 09:21:21","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 20:15:55","updated":"2026-01-24 09:21:21","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53924","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53924"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53924\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}