{"id":54228,"date":"2019-12-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-20T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/gde-i-kak-primenyayutsya-granichnye-servery"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:13","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:13","slug":"gde-i-kak-primenyayutsya-granichnye-servery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gde-i-kak-primenyayutsya-granichnye-servery","title":{"rendered":"Unde \u0219i cum sunt utilizate serverele la margine","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Unde \u0219i cum sunt utilizate serverele la margine\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/c4f3df5c9efe4875512386e5519340a5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAtunci c\u00e2nd se dezvolt\u0103 o infrastructur\u0103 de re\u021bea, de obicei se iau \u00een considerare fie calculul local, fie cel \u00een cloud. \u00cens\u0103 aceste dou\u0103 op\u021biuni \u0219i combina\u021biile lor sunt insuficiente. De exemplu, ce s\u0103 faci dac\u0103 renun\u021barea la calculul \u00een cloud nu este o op\u021biune, dar l\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 este insuficient\u0103 sau traficul este prea scump?<\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 adaugi un intermediar care va efectua o parte a calculelor la marginea re\u021belei locale sau a procesului de produc\u021bie. Aceast\u0103 conceptie periferic\u0103 se nume\u0219te Edge Computing \u2014 \u201ecalcul la margine\u201d. Conceptul completeaz\u0103 modelul actual de utilizare a datelor \u00een cloud, iar \u00een acest articol vom explora echipamentele necesare \u0219i exemplele de sarcini pentru acesta.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Nivelurile de edge computing<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Unde \u0219i cum sunt utilizate serverele la margine\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/3e7668732a316af6c36afb3d8b946607.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nS\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 ai acas\u0103 o mul\u021bime de senzori: termometru, higrometru, senzor de lumin\u0103, de scurgeri \u0219i altele. Controlerul logic prelucreaz\u0103 informa\u021biile primite, realizeaz\u0103 scenarii de automatizare, trimite serviciului cloud telemetria procesat\u0103 \u0219i prime\u0219te de la acesta scenarii de automatizare actualizate \u0219i firmware-uri recente. Astfel, calculele locale sunt efectuate direct pe obiect, dar echipamentul este controlat dintr-un nod care leag\u0103 mai multe astfel de dispozitive.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Aceasta este un exemplu foarte simplu de sistem de calcul la margine, dar deja eviden\u021biaz\u0103 cele trei niveluri de edge computing:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dispozitive IoT: genereaz\u0103 \u201edate brute\u201d \u0219i le transmit prin diferite protocoale.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Noduri periferice: prelucreaz\u0103 datele \u00een imediata apropiere a surselor de informa\u021bie \u0219i ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca stoc\u0103ri temporare de date.<\/li>\n<li>Servicii de cloud: ofer\u0103 func\u021bii de gestionare at\u00e2t pentru nodurile periferice, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru dispozitivele IoT, efectueaz\u0103 stocare pe termen lung \u0219i analiz\u0103 a datelor. \u00cen plus, sprijin\u0103 integrarea cu alte sisteme corporative.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nConceptul \u00een sine de Edge computing face parte dintr-o mare ecosistem\u0103, care optimizeaz\u0103 procesul tehnologic. Aceasta include at\u00e2t partea hardware (servere rack \u0219i servere la margine), c\u00e2t \u0219i componentele de re\u021bea \u0219i software (de exemplu, platforma<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/atos.net\/ru\/russia\/products\/codex-ai-suite\"> Codex AI Suite<\/a><\/noindex> pentru dezvoltarea algoritmilor AI). Deoarece un \u201eg\u00e2t de sticl\u0103\u201d poate ap\u0103rea la crearea, transmiterea \u0219i prelucrarea \u201edatelor masive\u201d \u0219i poate limita performan\u021ba \u00eentregului sistem, aceste p\u0103r\u021bi trebuie s\u0103 fie compatibile \u00eentre ele.<\/p>\n<h2>Particularit\u0103\u021bile serverelor edge<\/h2>\n<p>\nLa nivelul nodurilor periferice \u00een Edge Computing se utilizeaz\u0103 servere edge, care sunt plasate direct acolo unde se genereaz\u0103 informa\u021bia. De obicei, acestea sunt spa\u021bii de produc\u021bie sau tehnice, unde nu se poate instala un rack de servere \u0219i asigura cur\u0103\u021benia. Astfel, serverele edge sunt realizate \u00een carcase compacte, rezistente la praf \u0219i umiditate, cu un interval de temperatur\u0103 extins, \u0219i nu pot fi plasate \u00eentr-un rack. Da, un astfel de server poate fi lipit cu band\u0103 adeziv\u0103 dublu fa\u021b\u0103 la ancore undeva sub scar\u0103 sau \u00eentr-un depozit.<\/p>\n<p>Deoarece serverele edge sunt plasate \u00een afara datacentrelor protejate, acestea au cerin\u021be mai mari \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te securitatea fizic\u0103. Pentru ele se preconizeaz\u0103 containere de protec\u021bie:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Unde \u0219i cum sunt utilizate serverele la margine\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/e38f5460732cf0c44702e4e3dbcd97cc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nLa nivelul gestion\u0103rii datelor \u00een serverele edge se prevedea criptarea discurilor \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103rcarea protejat\u0103. Criptarea \u00een sine consum\u0103 2-3% din puterea de calcul, dar \u00een serverele edge se folosesc de obicei procesoare Xeon D cu un modul integrat de accelerare AES, care minimizeaz\u0103 pierderile de putere.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e2nd sunt utilizate serverele edge<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Unde \u0219i cum sunt utilizate serverele la margine\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/a5724cef018cb5478f3a77be3ac97847.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u00cen Edge Computing, \u00een datacenter intr\u0103 la procesare doar acele date care nu pot fi sau nu este ra\u021bional s\u0103 fie procesate \u00een alt mod. Astfel, serverele edge se aplic\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd este necesar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>O abordare flexibil\u0103 a securit\u0103\u021bii, deoarece \u00een cazul Edge Computing se poate configura transmiterea informa\u021biilor deja procesate \u0219i preg\u0103tite \u00een datacenterul central;\u00a0\n<\/li>\n<li>Protec\u021bia \u00eempotriva pierderii de informa\u021bii, deoarece \u00een caz de pierdere a conexiunii cu centrul, nodurile locale vor acumula informa\u021bia;\u00a0\n<\/li>\n<li>Economisirea de trafic, care se realizeaz\u0103 prin procesarea volumului principal de informa\u021bie la fa\u021ba locului.\u00a0\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Edge computing pentru economisirea de trafic<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Unde \u0219i cum sunt utilizate serverele la margine\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/e0a85558ced9a87776423cba06659bda.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nCompania danez\u0103 Maersk \u2014 unul dintre liderii transportului maritim de marf\u0103 din lume \u2014 a decis s\u0103 reduc\u0103 consumul de combustibil al navelor sale \u0219i s\u0103 reduc\u0103 emisiile de substan\u021be poluante \u00een atmosfer\u0103.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a rezolva aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 a fost utilizat\u0103 tehnologia <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/new.siemens.com\/global\/en\/markets\/marine\/innovations.html\">Siemens EcoMain Suite<\/a><\/noindex>, senzori pe motoare \u0219i pe principalele noduri ale navei, precum \u0219i serverul local BullSequana Edge pentru calcul \u201ela fa\u021ba locului\u201d.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Datorit\u0103 senzorilor, sistemul EcoMain Suite monitorizeaz\u0103 constant starea nodurilor critice ale navei \u0219i devierea acestora de la norma calculat\u0103 anterior. Acest lucru permite diagnosticarea rapid\u0103 a defectelor \u0219i localizarea acestora p\u00e2n\u0103 la nodul problematic. Deoarece telemetria este transmis\u0103 constant \u201ela centru\u201d, tehnicianul de service poate efectua analiza de la distan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i poate oferi recomand\u0103ri echipei de la bord. \u0218i \u00eentrebarea principal\u0103 aici este c\u00e2t de multe date \u0219i \u00een ce volum s\u0103 se transmit\u0103 la centrul de date central.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Dat fiind c\u0103 conectarea unui internet prin cablu ieftin la un cargobot maritim este extrem de problematic\u0103, transmiterea unui volum mare de date brute c\u0103tre serverul central devine prea costisitoare. Pe serverul central BullSequana S200 se calculeaz\u0103 modelul logic general al navei, iar procesarea datelor \u0219i controlul direct sunt transferate serverului local. Ca rezultat, implementarea acestui sistem s-a amortizat \u00een trei luni.<\/p>\n<h2>Calcul edge pentru economisirea resurselor<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Unde \u0219i cum sunt utilizate serverele la margine\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/0ea8fb0bccf0cdb79ef23e1346876884.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nUn alt exemplu de calcul edge este analiza video. De exemplu, pentru produc\u0103torul de echipamente pentru gaze tehnice Air Liquide, una dintre sarcinile locale ale ciclului de produc\u021bie este controlul calit\u0103\u021bii vopsirii cilindrilor de gaze. Aceasta se realiza manual \u0219i dura aproximativ 7 minute pentru un cilindru.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a accelera acest proces, omul a fost \u00eenlocuit cu un bloc format din 7 camere video de \u00eenalt\u0103 defini\u021bie. Camerele surprind cilindrul din mai multe unghiuri, gener\u00e2nd aproximativ 1 GB de video pe minut. Videoul este trimis la serverul edge BullSequana Edge cu Nvidia T4 la bord, pe care o re\u021bea neuronal\u0103, antrenat\u0103 s\u0103 detecteze defectele, analizeaz\u0103 fluxul \u00een timp real. Ca rezultat, timpul mediu de inspec\u021bie s-a redus de la c\u00e2teva minute la c\u00e2teva secunde.<\/p>\n<h2>Calcul edge \u00een analiz\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Unde \u0219i cum sunt utilizate serverele la margine\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/469c0b33b65da66cc3f5ecac3dcb1bb8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAtrac\u021biile din Disneyland nu sunt doar distrac\u021bie, ci \u0219i un obiect tehnic complex. De exemplu, pe \u201eMontana Ruseasc\u0103\u201d sunt instalate aproximativ 800 de senzori diferi\u021bi. Ace\u0219tia trimit constant date serverului despre func\u021bionarea atrac\u021biei, iar serverul local proceseaz\u0103 aceste date, calculeaz\u0103 probabilitatea ca atrac\u021bia s\u0103 se defecteze \u0219i semnaleaz\u0103 acest lucru centrului de date central.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Pe baza acestor date se determin\u0103 probabilitatea unei defec\u021biuni tehnice \u0219i se ini\u021biaz\u0103 o repara\u021bie preventiv\u0103. Atrac\u021bia continu\u0103 s\u0103 func\u021bioneze p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul zilei de lucru, iar \u00eentre timp s-a emis deja un ordin pentru repara\u021bie, iar muncitorii repar\u0103 rapid atrac\u021bia pe timp de noapte.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>BullSequana Edge\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Unde \u0219i cum sunt utilizate serverele la margine\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/72006ca009c56e573453bf2fa0189b14.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nServerele BullSequana Edge fac parte dintr-o infrastructur\u0103 vast\u0103 pentru gestionarea \u201ebig data\u201d, fiind deja testate cu platformele Microsoft Azure \u0219i Siemens MindSphere, VMware WSX \u0219i av\u00e2nd certific\u0103ri NVidia NGC\/EGX. Aceste servere sunt proiectate special pentru calculul la margine \u0219i sunt disponibile \u00een carcase de tip U2, pentru montare \u00een rack standard, pe \u0219in\u0103 DIN, pe perete \u0219i \u00een configura\u021bie de podea.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>BullSequana Edge sunt construite pe o plac\u0103 de baz\u0103 dezvoltat\u0103 intern \u0219i un procesor Intel Xeon D-2187NT. Acestea suport\u0103 instalarea a p\u00e2n\u0103 la 512 GB de memorie RAM, 2 SSD-uri de 960 GB sau 2 HDD-uri de 8 sau 14 TB. De asemenea, pot fi echipate cu 2 GPU Nvidia T4 de 16 GB pentru procesarea video; module Wi-fi, LoRaWAN \u0219i 4G; \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la 2 module SFP de 10 giga. Serverele vin echipate cu un senzor pentru deschiderea capacului, conectat la BMC, modulul de control IPMI. Acesta poate fi configurat s\u0103 opreasc\u0103 automat alimentarea la activarea senzorului.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Specifica\u021biile tehnice complete ale serverelor BullSequana Edge pot fi g\u0103site la <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/atos.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/BullSequana-Edge.pdf\">linkul<\/a><\/noindex>. Dac\u0103 sunte\u021bi interesat de detalii, vom fi bucuro\u0219i s\u0103 r\u0103spundem la \u00eentreb\u0103rile dumneavoastr\u0103 \u00een comentarii.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/bull\/blog\/481120\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u041d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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