{"id":54267,"date":"2019-12-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-21T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/how-to-nastrojka-seti-i-vlan-na-vydelennom-servere-hetzner-i-mikrotik"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:16","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:16","slug":"how-to-nastrojka-seti-i-vlan-na-vydelennom-servere-hetzner-i-mikrotik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/how-to-nastrojka-seti-i-vlan-na-vydelennom-servere-hetzner-i-mikrotik","title":{"rendered":"HOW-to \/ Configurare re\u021bea \u0219i VLAN pe server dedicat Hetzner \u0219i Mikrotik","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e2nd te confrun\u021bi cu o problem\u0103 \u0219i te opre\u0219ti din cantitatea mare de documenta\u021bie, \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 sistematizezi \u0219i s\u0103 notezi ceea ce ai \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat pentru a re\u021bine mai bine. De asemenea, f\u0103 o instruc\u021biune pentru aceast\u0103 problem\u0103, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 nu fie necesar s\u0103 parcurgi tot drumul din nou.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Documenta\u021bia ini\u021bial\u0103 este disponibil\u0103 \u00eentr-o cantitate mare pe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.proxmox.com\">https:\/\/forum.proxmox.com<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.hetzner.de\">https:\/\/wiki.hetzner.de<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"postanovka-zadachi\">Formularea problemei<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Clientul dore\u0219te s\u0103 integreze mai multe servere \u00eenchiriate \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 re\u021bea, pentru a sc\u0103pa de necesitatea de a pl\u0103ti pentru mai multe subre\u021bele suplimentare, s\u0103 conecteze tot echipamentul printr-un router, s\u0103 le aloce adrese IP locale \u0219i s\u0103 se protejeze cu un firewall. Astfel, tot traficul de serviciu va circula \u00een interiorul VLAN-ului. De asemenea, s\u0103 mute ma\u0219inile virtuale de pe un server vechi pe unul nou \u0219i s\u0103 renun\u021be la acel server, s\u0103 fac\u0103 upgrade la hardware-ul vechi utilizat \u0219i, de asemenea, s\u0103 treac\u0103 la un Proxmox mai recent.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ini\u021bial, clientul are 5 servere, fiecare av\u00e2nd o subre\u021bea suplimentar\u0103, iar prima adres\u0103 din subre\u021beaua alocat\u0103 este alocat\u0103 unei pun\u021bi suplimentare pe Proxmox. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HOW-to \/ Configurare re\u021bea \u0219i VLAN pe server dedicat Hetzner \u0219i Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/fa42daab8b3703e4a1bf926bc421e885.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest context, VM-urile func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe Windows \u0219i au configurat adresa 85.x.x.177\/29 cu gateway 85.x.x.176.<br \/>\n\u00centr-o not\u0103 similar\u0103, toate cele 5 servere sunt configurate cu propriile ma\u0219ini virtuale.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Interesant este c\u0103 aceast\u0103 configura\u021bie este eronat\u0103 \u00een principiu \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te configurarea re\u021belei, deoarece se folose\u0219te adresa re\u021belei pentru primul nod \u0219i totodat\u0103 ca gateway. Dac\u0103 ai \u00eencerca s\u0103 configurezi o astfel de configura\u021bie pe o ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103 \u00een Ubuntu, re\u021beaua nu ar func\u021biona.<br \/>\n\u2003<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"realizaciya\">Implementarea<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cre\u0103m vSwitch \u00een interfa\u021b\u0103, aloc\u0103m un VlanID, ad\u0103ug\u0103m acest vSwitch la toate serverele necesare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HOW-to \/ Configurare re\u021bea \u0219i VLAN pe server dedicat Hetzner \u0219i Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/46183290bf149dc532816bb36206178e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Facem un server de test, pentru a putea configura \u0219i a migra f\u0103r\u0103 probleme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ridic\u0103m prima ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103 chr prin <strong><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.mikrotik.com\/wiki\/Manual:CHR_ProxMox_installation\">instruc\u021biunile pentru proxmox.<\/a><\/noindex><\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 folose\u0219ti scriptul oferit, fii atent c\u0103 se verific\u0103 ini\u021bial existen\u021ba directorului -d \/root\/temp, iar dac\u0103 acesta nu exist\u0103, se creeaz\u0103 directorul \/home\/root\/temp, \u00eens\u0103 lucrul continu\u0103 totu\u0219i cu directorul \/root\/temp. Scriptul trebuie corectat pentru a crea directorul corespunz\u0103tor.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Configur\u0103m re\u021beaua pentru Proxmox.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HOW-to \/ Configurare re\u021bea \u0219i VLAN pe server dedicat Hetzner \u0219i Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/8a259a88ae768c811198408833ff7555.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0103ug\u0103m un subinterfa\u021b\u0103 cu num\u0103rul VLAN, indic\u0103m c\u0103 configurarea adreselor se va realiza pe pun\u021bi folosind inet manual. IMPORTANT. Nu se pot configura adrese IP pe interfe\u021bele pe care le vei include apoi \u00een punte, deoarece modul \u00een care va func\u021biona acest lucru \u0219i dac\u0103 va func\u021biona \u00een general este necunoscut.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Apoi cre\u0103m bridge-ul vmbr0 \u2013 \u0219i \u00eei asociem prima adres\u0103 a serverului, furnizat\u0103 de c\u0103tre providerul Hetzner, specific\u0103m portul bridge-ului \u2013 primul interfa\u021b\u0103 fizic\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 VLAN, \u0219i de asemenea indic\u0103m o comand\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 pentru ad\u0103ugarea unei rute c\u0103tre re\u021beaua noastr\u0103 suplimentar\u0103, comandat\u0103 la Hetzner pentru acest server prin acest bridge. Ad\u0103ugarea rutei va func\u021biona atunci c\u00e2nd interfa\u021ba este activat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Al doilea bridge va fi interfa\u021ba pentru traficul local, ad\u0103ug\u0103m pe acesta o adres\u0103 pentru a ob\u021bine conectivitate \u00eentre diferitele servere Proxmox prin re\u021beaua local\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 a ie\u0219i pe internet \u0219i specific\u0103m sub-interfa\u021ba eno1.4000, care este rezervat\u0103 pentru VlanID-ul nostru.<br \/>\n\u00cen timpul configur\u0103rii ini\u021biale, exist\u0103 sugestii c\u0103 se poate instala pachetul ifupdown2 pentru Proxmox, iar la modific\u0103rile interfe\u021belor de re\u021bea, serverul nu trebuie s\u0103 fie repornit complet. Totu\u0219i, aceasta este caracteristic\u0103 doar pentru set\u0103rile ini\u021biale, iar atunci c\u00e2nd folose\u0219ti bridges \u0219i configurezi deja ma\u0219ini virtuale, te confrun\u021bi cu probleme de c\u0103dere a re\u021belei \u00een virtuale. De exemplu, ai modificat interfa\u021ba vmbr2, dar dup\u0103 aplicarea configura\u021biei, re\u021beaua cedeaz\u0103 deja pe toate interfe\u021bele interne \u0219i nu se activeaz\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la o repornire complet\u0103 a serverului. ifdown&amp;&amp;ifup nu ajut\u0103. Dac\u0103 cineva are o solu\u021bie \u2013 a\u0219 fi recunosc\u0103tor.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prima interfa\u021b\u0103 configurat\u0103 pe server r\u0103m\u00e2ne func\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i accesibil\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Alocarea unei adrese pentru CHR pentru a nu pierde adresele din pool.<br \/>\nPool-ul de adrese pe care \u00eel furnizeaz\u0103 Hetzner arat\u0103 destul de ciudat pentru re\u021belistic\u0103, aproximativ a\u0219a: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HOW-to \/ Configurare re\u021bea \u0219i VLAN pe server dedicat Hetzner \u0219i Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/d6f74e42e41a6bdeb7f172089b7c48fd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ciud\u0103\u021benia este c\u0103 se propune utilizarea propriei adrese fizice a serverului ca gateway.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Varianta clasic\u0103, propus\u0103 de c\u0103tre Hetzner este specificat\u0103 \u00een formularea sarcinii \u0219i a fost realizat\u0103 de client pe cont propriu. \u00cen aceast\u0103 variant\u0103, clientul pierde prima adres\u0103 pentru adresa de re\u021bea, a doua adres\u0103 pe bridge-ul proxmox, care va fi \u0219i gateway-ul, \u0219i ultima adres\u0103 pentru broadcast. Adresele IPv4 nu sunt niciodat\u0103 de prisos. Dac\u0103 \u00eencerci direct s\u0103-\u021bi scrii pe CHR adresa IP 136.x.x.177\/29 \u0219i gateway pentru 0.0.0.0\/0 148.x.x.165, po\u021bi face acest lucru, dar gateway-ul nu va fi Direct Connected \u0219i, prin urmare, va fi unreachable. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HOW-to \/ Configurare re\u021bea \u0219i VLAN pe server dedicat Hetzner \u0219i Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ca6ba7eab91409c85a388135c050388e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Se poate ie\u0219i din aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie dac\u0103 folose\u0219ti o re\u021bea de 32 pe fiecare adres\u0103 \u0219i ca nume al re\u021belei indic\u00e2nd adresa de care avem nevoie, care poate fi orice. Rezultatul este un analog al conexiunii point-to-point.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HOW-to \/ Configurare re\u021bea \u0219i VLAN pe server dedicat Hetzner \u0219i Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/6b7ac19527459656141c519c263f744b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest caz, gateway-ul va fi desigur disponibil \u0219i totul va func\u021biona a\u0219a cum trebuie.<br \/>\nEste important s\u0103 \u021bine\u021bi cont c\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 configura\u021bie nu este recomandat s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi regula SRC-NAT masquerade, deoarece adresa de ie\u0219ire va fi diferit definit\u0103, iar mai corect ar fi s\u0103 specifica\u021bi action: src-NAT \u0219i adresa concret\u0103 din care ve\u021bi lansa clientul.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0218i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103.<br \/>\nPentru a bloca accesul la Proxmox din internet, utiliza\u021bi mijloacele \u00eencorporate: exist\u0103 un firewall excelent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HOW-to \/ Configurare re\u021bea \u0219i VLAN pe server dedicat Hetzner \u0219i Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/898e599c2a83e4b4e1b481fbd196338b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nu este recomandat s\u0103 folosi\u021bi firewall-ul propus de Hetzner, pentru a nu v\u0103 confunda cu loca\u021bia set\u0103rilor. De asemenea, Hetzner va afecta toate re\u021belele, inclusiv cele configurate pe CHR, iar pentru a deschide \u0219i redirec\u021biona porturile, va trebui s\u0103 le deschide\u021bi \u0219i \u00een interfa\u021ba web a furnizorului.<\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/481290\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435. \u0410 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e. \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0430 https:\/\/forum.proxmox.com https:\/\/wiki.hetzner.de \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u041a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044f 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