{"id":54273,"date":"2019-12-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-21T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/reliz-sistemy-samodostatochnyh-paketov-flatpak-1-6-0"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:16","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:16","slug":"reliz-sistemy-samodostatochnyh-paketov-flatpak-1-6-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/reliz-sistemy-samodostatochnyh-paketov-flatpak-1-6-0","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea sistemului de pachete autonome Flatpak 1.6.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/flatpak\/releases\/tag\/1.6.0\">Publicat<\/a><\/noindex>  o nou\u0103 ramur\u0103 stabil\u0103 a instrumentului <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/flatpak.org\/\">Flatpak 1.6<\/a><\/noindex>, care ofer\u0103 un sistem pentru construirea de pachete autonome, nelegate de distribu\u021bii specifice Linux \u0219i care ruleaz\u0103 \u00eentr-un container special, izol\u00e2nd aplica\u021bia de restul sistemului. Suportul pentru rularea pachetelor Flatpak este asigurat pentru Arch Linux, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/copr.fedorainfracloud.org\/coprs\/amigadave\/flatpak-epel7\/\">CentOS<\/a><\/noindex>, Debian, Fedora, Gentoo, Mageia, Linux Mint \u0219i Ubuntu. Pachetele Flatpak sunt incluse \u00een depozitul Fedora \u0219i sunt suportate \u00een aplica\u021bia de gestionare GNOME.<\/p>\n<p>Principalele <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/flatpak\/blob\/master\/NEWS\">nout\u0103\u021bi<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een ramura Flatpak 1.6:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/flatpak\/blob\/master\/data\/org.freedesktop.portal.Flatpak.xml#L244\">API Portal<\/a><\/noindex> a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 metoda CreateUpdateMonitor, care permite aplica\u021biilor s\u0103 urm\u0103reasc\u0103 apari\u021bia actualiz\u0103rilor \u0219i s\u0103 cear\u0103 instalarea actualiz\u0103rilor ap\u0103rute.<br \/>\nPentru a interzice permisiunile pentru instalarea automat\u0103 a actualiz\u0103rilor prin aplica\u021bie, se poate folosi comanda &#171;flatpak permission-set flatpak updates $APPID no&#187; (dac\u0103 se specific\u0103 &#171;ask&#187; \u00een loc de &#171;no&#187;, se va afi\u0219a un dialog de confirmare pentru fiecare actualizare);<\/p>\n<p><center><br \/>\n<video style=\"width: 474px; height: 266.625px; max-width:100%\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.gnome.org\/mclasen\/files\/2019\/12\/update-monitor.webm?_=1\" width=\"474\" height=\"267\" controls><source type=\"video\/webm\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.gnome.org\/mclasen\/files\/2019\/12\/update-monitor.webm?_=1\"><\/video><\/center><\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru a simplifica crearea handler-elor, a fost propus\u0103 biblioteca<br \/>\n libportal, care permite gestionarea evenimentelor f\u0103r\u0103 utilizarea direct\u0103 a API Portal \u0219i interpretarea semnalelor provenite prin D-Bus.<br \/>\nLibportal ofer\u0103 interfe\u021be simple care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 asincron pentru majoritatea &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/xdg-desktop-portal\/blob\/master\/data\/\">portaluri<\/a><\/noindex>&#171;;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 o nou\u0103 permisiune &#171;&#8212;socket=cups&#187; pentru a permite acces direct la serverul de imprimare CUPS;\n<li class=\"l\"> Protocul \u0219i API-ul pentru procesarea autentific\u0103rii au fost modificate. A fost ad\u0103ugat un autentificator pentru OCI (Open Container Initiative). A fost implementat\u0103 suport pentru instalarea automat\u0103 a autentificatorilor dintr-un depozit extern flatpak. \u00cen FlatpakTransaction a fost ad\u0103ugat un handler callback pentru utilizarea autentific\u0103rii prin numele de utilizator \u0219i parol\u0103, similar cu metoda de autentificare HTTP basic;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru aplica\u021bii securizate \u0219i sisteme care necesit\u0103 autentificare la desc\u0103rcare;\n<li class=\"l\"> Stratul utilizat pentru izolare bubblewrap a fost actualizat la versiunea <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51947\">0.4.0<\/a><\/noindex>;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport op\u021bional pentru control parental prin utilizarea bibliotecii <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gitlab.freedesktop.org\/pwithnall\/malcontent\">libmalcontent<\/a><\/noindex>, care permite restric\u021bionarea accesului la anumite tipuri de con\u021binut;\n<li class=\"l\"> Extensiile sunt acum instalate \u00eenainte de aplica\u021bie, ceea ce permite ob\u021binerea unei aplica\u021bii func\u021bionale imediat dup\u0103 finalizarea instal\u0103rii;\n<li class=\"l\"> Manipul\u0103rile fi\u0219ierelor temporare au fost reproiectate, ceea ce a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit func\u021bionarea \u00een condi\u021bii de spa\u021biu de stocare liber insuficient;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru a executa comanda &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/flatpak-enter\">flatpak enter<\/a><\/noindex>&#187; nu mai este necesar\u0103 utilizarea sudo;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen portaluri a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 posibilitatea de a lansa medii izolate \u00eenn\u0103scute (sub-sandbox) pentru procesele fiice;\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost ad\u0103ugate noi comenzi &#171;flatpak permission-set&#187; \u0219i &#171;permission-remove&#187; pentru gestionarea instal\u0103rii permisiunilor;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 op\u021biunea &#171;flatpak install &#8212;or-update&#187;, care efectueaz\u0103 actualizarea dac\u0103 aplica\u021bia este deja instalat\u0103;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 comanda &#171;flatpak mask&#187; pentru a fixa versiunea \u0219i a interzice instalarea actualiz\u0103rilor;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru imaginile \u00een format OCI (Open Container Initiative) a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru asocieri de etichete, generarea istoricului modific\u0103rilor din imagine \u0219i includerea tipurilor MIME docker, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 tipurile MIME OCI;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen set\u0103ri a fost ad\u0103ugat cheia default-languages pentru a defini lista limbilor utilizate, \u00een plus fa\u021b\u0103 de lista sistemic\u0103.\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u0103 reamintim c\u0103 dezvoltatorii de aplica\u021bii Flatpak au posibilitatea de a simplifica distribu\u021bia programelor lor, care nu fac parte din repozitoarele standard ale distribu\u021biilor, prin <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/flatpak.org\/developer.html\">preg\u0103tirea<\/a><\/noindex> unui singur container universale f\u0103r\u0103 a crea build-uri separate pentru fiecare distribu\u021bie. Utilizatorii preocupa\u021bi de securitate pot rula aplica\u021biile de \u00eencredere \u00een container, oferindu-le acces doar la func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bile de re\u021bea \u0219i fi\u0219ierele utilizatorului asociate aplica\u021biei. Utilizatorii interesa\u021bi de nout\u0103\u021bi pot instala cele mai recente versiuni de teste \u0219i stabile ale aplica\u021biilor f\u0103r\u0103 a necesita modific\u0103ri \u00een sistem. De exemplu, \u00een prezent pachetele Flatpak sunt deja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/flathub.org\">compilate<\/a><\/noindex> pentru LibreOffice, Firefox, GIMP, Inkscape, Kdenlive, Steam, 0 A.D., Visual Studio Code, VLC, Slack, Skype, Telegram Desktop, Android Studio \u0219i altele.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a reduce dimensiunea pachetului, acesta include doar dependen\u021bele specifice aplica\u021biei, iar bibliotecile sistemice \u0219i grafice de baz\u0103 (Gtk+, Qt, biblioteci GNOME \u0219i KDE etc.) sunt prezentate sub form\u0103 de medii de rulare tipice. Diferen\u021ba cheie \u00eentre Flatpak \u0219i Snap const\u0103 \u00een faptul c\u0103 Snap utilizeaz\u0103 componente ale mediului de baz\u0103 al sistemului \u0219i izola\u021bie bazat\u0103 pe filtrarea apelurilor de sistem, \u00een timp ce Flatpak creeaz\u0103 un container separat de sistem \u0219i opereaz\u0103 cu seturi mari de runtime, oferind ca dependen\u021be nu pachete, ci medii sistemice tipice (de exemplu, toate bibliotecile necesare pentru func\u021bionarea programelor GNOME sau KDE).<\/p>\n<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 mediul sistemic tipic (runtime), care este instalat printr-un <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/sdk.gnome.org\/repo\/\">repository<\/a><\/noindex>, se livreaz\u0103 dependen\u021be suplimentare (bundle) necesare pentru func\u021bionarea aplica\u021biei. \u00cen total, runtime \u0219i bundle formeaz\u0103 con\u021binutul containerului, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 runtime-ul se instaleaz\u0103 separat \u0219i se leag\u0103 de mai multe containere, ceea ce permite evitarea duplic\u0103rii fi\u0219ierelor de sistem comune pentru containere. \u00centr-un sistem pot fi instalate mai multe runtime-uri diferite (GNOME, KDE) sau mai multe versiuni ale aceluia\u0219i runtime (GNOME 3.26, GNOME 3.28). Containerul cu aplica\u021bia ca dependen\u021b\u0103 folose\u0219te leg\u0103tura doar la un anumit runtime, f\u0103r\u0103 a lua \u00een considerare pachetele individuale din care este format runtime-ul. Toate elementele lips\u0103 sunt \u00eempachetate \u00eempreun\u0103 cu aplica\u021bia. Atunci c\u00e2nd se formeaz\u0103 containerul, con\u021binutul runtime-ului este montat ca parti\u021bie \/usr, iar bundle-ul este montat \u00een directorul \/app. <\/p>\n<p>Con\u021binutul runtime-ului \u0219i al containerelor de aplica\u021bii este format folosind tehnologia <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=37750\">OSTree<\/a><\/noindex>, \u00een care imaginea este actualizat\u0103 atomic dintr-un depozit asem\u0103n\u0103tor cu Git, permi\u021b\u00e2nd aplicarea metodelor de control al versiunilor asupra componentelor distribu\u021biei (de exemplu, se poate reveni rapid la o stare anterioar\u0103 a sistemului). Pachetele RPM sunt transmise \u00een depozitul OSTree prin intermediul unui strat special <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/rpm-ostree.cloud.fedoraproject.org\/\">rpm-ostree<\/a><\/noindex>. Instalarea \u0219i actualizarea separat\u0103 a pachetelor \u00een interiorul mediului de lucru nu sunt acceptate, sistemul se actualizeaz\u0103 nu la nivelul componentelor individuale, ci \u00een \u00eentregime, schimb\u00e2nd atomic starea sa. Se ofer\u0103 instrumente pentru aplicarea incremental\u0103 a actualiz\u0103rilor, evit\u00e2nd necesitatea \u00eenlocuirii complete a imaginii la fiecare actualizare.<\/p>\n<p>Mediul izolat creat este complet independent de distribu\u021bia utilizat\u0103 \u0219i, cu set\u0103rile corecte ale pachetului, nu are acces la fi\u0219ierele \u0219i procesele utilizatorului sau ale sistemului principal, nu poate accesa direct hardware-ul, cu excep\u021bia ie\u0219irii prin DRI \u0219i a subsistemului de re\u021bea. Ie\u0219irea grafic\u0103 \u0219i organizarea inputului <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/flatpak\/wiki\">implementate<\/a><\/noindex> se realizeaz\u0103 prin intermediul protocolului Wayland sau prin redirec\u021bionarea socket-ului X11. Interac\u021biunea cu mediul extern se bazeaz\u0103 pe un sistem de schimb de mesaje DBus \u0219i un API special Portals. Pentru izolare  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/flatpak\/wiki\/Sandbox\">se folose\u0219te<\/a><\/noindex> stratul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/projectatomic\/bubblewrap\">Bubblewrap<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i tehnologiile tradi\u021bionale de virtualizare a containerelor bazate pe utilizarea cgroups, spa\u021biilor de nume (namespaces), Seccomp \u0219i SELinux. Pentru ie\u0219irea sunetului se folose\u0219te PulseAudio. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52075\">opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f Flatpak 1.6, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c Linux \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Flatpak-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f Arch Linux, CentOS, Debian, Fedora, Gentoo, Mageia, Linux Mint \u0438 Ubuntu. \u041f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0441 Flatpak \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 Fedora \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f 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