{"id":54524,"date":"2019-12-28T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-27T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/podvedeny-itogi-golosovaniya-o-sistemah-initsializatsii-v-debian"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:32","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:32","slug":"podvedeny-itogi-golosovaniya-o-sistemah-initsializatsii-v-debian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/podvedeny-itogi-golosovaniya-o-sistemah-initsializatsii-v-debian","title":{"rendered":"Au fost prezentate rezultatele votului privind sistemele de ini\u021bializare \u00een Debian.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Publicate<\/a><\/noindex> rezultatele vot general<\/a><\/noindex> (GR, rezolu\u021bia general\u0103) a dezvoltatorilor proiectului Debian, care particip\u0103 la \u00eentre\u021binerea pachetelor \u0219i a infrastructurii, a fost efectuat\u0103 cu privire la suportul pentru mai multe sisteme de ini\u021biere. A c\u00e2\u0219tigat al doilea punct («B») din list\u0103 \u2014 systemd r\u0103m\u00e2ne preferat, dar se men\u021bine posibilitatea \u00eentre\u021binerii sistemelor alternative de ini\u021biere. Votul a fost efectuat prin metoda Condorcet<\/a><\/noindex>, \u00een care fiecare aleg\u0103tor \u00ee\u0219i clasific\u0103 toate op\u021biunile \u00een ordinea preferin\u021belor, iar \u00een calcularea rezultatului se iau \u00een considerare c\u00e2\u021bi aleg\u0103tori prefer\u0103 o op\u021biune \u00een detrimentul unei alteia.<\/p>\n

Op\u021biunea c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103toare recunoa\u0219te c\u0103 unit\u0103\u021bile de serviciu systemd sunt modalitatea preferat\u0103 de configurare a demar\u0103rii demonilor \u0219i serviciilor, dar admite c\u0103 exist\u0103 medii \u00een care dezvoltatorii \u0219i utilizatorii pot crea \u0219i aplica sisteme alternative de ini\u021bializare \u0219i alternative func\u021bionale la capabilit\u0103\u021bile systemd. Dezvoltatorii solu\u021biilor alternative necesit\u0103 resurse pentru a desf\u0103\u0219ura activitatea lor \u0219i pentru a formata pachetele. Solu\u021biile alternative, cum ar fi elogind, care sunt utilizate pentru organizarea demar\u0103rii aplica\u021biilor legate de interfe\u021bele specifice systemd, r\u0103m\u00e2n importante pentru proiect. Suportul acestor ini\u021biative necesit\u0103 colaborare \u00een domeniile \u00een care tehnologiile alternative dezvoltate se suprapun cu restul proiectului, de exemplu, \u00eent\u00e2rzierile \u00een revizuirea patch-urilor \u0219i desf\u0103\u0219urarea discu\u021biilor nu sunt acceptabile.<\/p>\n

Pachetele pot include at\u00e2t fi\u0219iere unit systemd, c\u00e2t \u0219i scripturi init pentru pornirea serviciilor. Pachetele pot utiliza orice func\u021bionalitate systemd la discre\u021bia men\u021bin\u0103torului pachetului, at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t aceste func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi respect\u0103 cerin\u021bele regulilor Debian \u0219i nu sunt legate de func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi experimentale sau nesuportate \u00een Debian din alte pachete. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 systemd, pachetele pot include \u0219i suport pentru alternative de sisteme de ini\u021bializare \u0219i pot oferi componente pentru \u00eenlocuirea interfe\u021belor specifice systemd. Deciziile privind includerea patch-urilor sunt luate de men\u021bin\u0103tori \u00een cadrul procedurilor standard. Debian se angajeaz\u0103 s\u0103 colaboreze cu distribu\u021bii derivate care au ales alte sisteme de ini\u021bializare, dar interac\u021biunea se bazeaz\u0103 la nivel de men\u021bin\u0103tori, care iau decizii cu privire la ce func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi preg\u0103tite de distribu\u021bii externe s\u0103 fie acceptate \u00een pachetul principal Debian \u0219i care s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een distribu\u021bia derivate.<\/p>\n

S\u0103 ne amintim c\u0103 \u00een 2014, comitetul tehnic a aprobat<\/a><\/noindex> tranzitia<\/a><\/noindex> distribu\u021biei implicite la systemd, dar nu a adoptat<\/a><\/noindex> o decizie cu privire la suportul pentru mai multe sisteme de ini\u021bializare (la vot a c\u00e2\u0219tigat punctul care sublinia nevoia de a nu lua o decizie \u00een aceast\u0103 problem\u0103). Liderul comitetului a recomandat men\u021binerii pachetelor s\u0103 p\u0103streze suportul pentru sysvinit ca sistem alternativ de ini\u021bializare, dar a subliniat c\u0103 nu poate impune punctul s\u0103u de vedere \u0219i c\u0103 \u00een fiecare caz, decizia trebuie luat\u0103 individual. <\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 aceea, unii dezvoltatori au \u00eencercat s\u0103 organizeze<\/a><\/noindex> un vot comun, dar votul preliminar a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 nu este necesar\u0103 adoptarea unei decizii cu privire la utilizarea mai multor sisteme de ini\u021bializare. Cu c\u00e2teva luni \u00een urm\u0103, dup\u0103 problemelor<\/a><\/noindex> includerea pachetului elogind (necesar pentru func\u021bionarea GNOME f\u0103r\u0103 systemd) \u00een ramura testing din cauza unui conflict cu libsystemd, problema a fost ridicat\u0103 din nou de liderul proiectului Debian, deoarece dezvoltatorii nu au putut ajunge la un consens, iar comunicarea lor a evoluat \u00eentr-o confruntare \u0219i a ajuns \u00eentr-un impas. <\/p>\n

Op\u021biunile discutate:<\/p>\n

  • Principala aten\u021bie se concentreaz\u0103 pe systemd. Oferirea suportului pentru sisteme alternative de ini\u021bializare nu este o prioritate, dar mentenan\u021ba are dreptul s\u0103 includ\u0103 op\u021bional \u00een pachete scripturi init pentru aceste sisteme.\n<\/li>\n
  • Systemd r\u0103m\u00e2ne preferat, dar este l\u0103sat\u0103 op\u021biunea de a oferi suport \u0219i pentru sisteme alternative de ini\u021bializare. Tehnologii precum elogind, care permit rularea aplica\u021biilor legate de systemd \u00een medii alternative, sunt considerate importante. Este permis\u0103 includerea de fi\u0219iere init \u00een pachete pentru sisteme alternative.\n<\/li>\n
  • Suport pentru diverse sisteme de ini\u021bializare \u0219i posibilitatea de a \u00eenc\u0103rca Debian cu sisteme de ini\u021bializare diferite de systemd.
    \nPentru a lansa servicii, pachetele trebuie s\u0103 includ\u0103 obligatoriu scripturi init; livrarea doar a fi\u0219ierelor unit systemd f\u0103r\u0103 scripturi init sysv nu este acceptabil\u0103.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • Suport pentru sisteme care nu folosesc systemd, dar f\u0103r\u0103 a aduce modific\u0103ri care s\u0103 \u00eempiedice dezvoltarea. Dezvoltatorii sunt de acord s\u0103 ofere suport pentru mai multe sisteme de ini\u021bializare \u00een viitorul apropiat, dar consider\u0103 \u0219i necesar s\u0103 lucreze la \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea suportului pentru systemd. Dezvoltarea \u0219i men\u021binerea solu\u021biilor specifice ar trebui s\u0103 fie gestionate de comunit\u0103\u021bile interesate de aceste solu\u021bii, dar ceilal\u021bi mentenan\u021bi trebuie s\u0103 ajute activ \u0219i s\u0103 contribuie la solu\u021bionarea problemelor c\u00e2nd este nevoie. \u00cen ideal, pachetele ar trebui s\u0103 func\u021bioneze cu orice sistem de ini\u021bializare, pentru care pot fi livrate scripturi init tradi\u021bionale sau pot fi folosite alte mecanisme care permit func\u021bionarea f\u0103r\u0103 systemd. Incapacitatea de a func\u021biona f\u0103r\u0103 systemd este considerat\u0103 o eroare, dar nu o eroare care blocheaz\u0103 lansarea, cu excep\u021bia cazurilor \u00een care exist\u0103 o solu\u021bie preg\u0103tit\u0103 pentru func\u021bionarea f\u0103r\u0103 systemd, dar aceasta este refuzat\u0103 (de exemplu, c\u00e2nd problema este cauzat\u0103 de \u0219tergerea unui script init livrat anterior).\n<\/li>\n
  • Suport pentru portabilitate, f\u0103r\u0103 modific\u0103ri care s\u0103 \u00eempiedice dezvoltarea. Debian continu\u0103 s\u0103 fie considerat un punct de leg\u0103tur\u0103 pentru integrarea diverselor software-uri, oferind func\u021bionalitate echivalent\u0103 sau similar\u0103. Portabilitatea \u00eentre platformele hardware \u0219i stivele software se refer\u0103 la sarcini importante, iar integrarea tehnologiilor alternative este binevenit\u0103, chiar dac\u0103 viziunea creatorilor lor difer\u0103 de opinia general\u0103. Pozi\u021bia fa\u021b\u0103 de systemd \u0219i alte sisteme de ini\u021bializare este complet \u00een conformitate cu punctul 4.\n<\/li>\n
  • Conversia suportului pentru mai multe sisteme de ini\u021bializare \u00een domeniul obligatoriu. Oferirea posibilit\u0103\u021bii de a rula Debian cu sisteme de ini\u021bializare diferite de systemd r\u0103m\u00e2ne important\u0103 pentru proiect. Fiecare pachet trebuie s\u0103 func\u021bioneze cu gestionarii pid1, diferi\u021bi de systemd, cu excep\u021bia cazului \u00een care software-ul inclus \u00een pachet este destinat \u00een mod explicit s\u0103 func\u021bioneze doar cu systemd \u0219i nu exist\u0103 suport pentru pornirea f\u0103r\u0103 systemd (absen\u021ba scripturilor init nu se consider\u0103 o destina\u021bie exclusiv\u0103 pentru func\u021bionarea cu systemd).\n<\/li>\n
  • Suport pentru portabilitate \u0219i multiple implement\u0103ri. Principiile generale sunt complet conforme cu punctul 5, dar nu se impun cerin\u021be specifice \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu systemd \u0219i sistemele de ini\u021bializare, iar dezvoltatorilor nu li se impun obliga\u021bii. Dezvoltatorii sunt \u00eencuraja\u021bi s\u0103 ia \u00een considerare interesele reciproc, s\u0103 ajung\u0103 la compromisuri \u0219i s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 solu\u021bii comune satisf\u0103c\u0103toare pentru diferitele p\u0103r\u021bi.\n<\/li>\n
  • Continuarea discu\u021biei. Punctul poate fi utilizat pentru a sc\u0103dea evaluarea op\u021biunilor inacceptabile.\n<\/li>\n

    <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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