{"id":54569,"date":"2019-12-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-28T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/chetyre-printsipa-perevoda-ili-v-chem-zhe-chelovek-ne-ustupit-mashinnomu-perevodchiku"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:35","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:35","slug":"chetyre-printsipa-perevoda-ili-v-chem-zhe-chelovek-ne-ustupit-mashinnomu-perevodchiku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/chetyre-printsipa-perevoda-ili-v-chem-zhe-chelovek-ne-ustupit-mashinnomu-perevodchiku","title":{"rendered":"Cele patru principii ale traducerii, sau \u00een ce prive\u0219te omul este de nerecomandat \u00een fa\u021ba traduc\u0103torului automat?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

De mult\u0103 vreme circul\u0103 zvonuri c\u0103 traducerea automat\u0103 va putea \u00eenlocui traduc\u0103torii umani, iar uneori aud declara\u021bii precum \u201eTraducerile efectuate de oameni \u0219i Google Neural Machine sunt aproape indistinguibile\u201d, c\u00e2nd Google a anun\u021bat lansarea sistemului de traducere automat\u0103 neural\u0103 (GNMT). Desigur, \u00een ultima vreme, re\u021belele neuronale au f\u0103cut progrese uria\u0219e \u00een evolu\u021bia lor \u0219i au p\u0103truns tot mai ad\u00e2nc \u00een via\u021ba cotidian\u0103, dar oare inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103 s-a \u00eent\u0103rit at\u00e2t de mult pe arena traducerilor \u00eenc\u00e2t va putea \u00eenlocui omul?
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nDa, timpul nu st\u0103 pe loc. Procesele de globalizare leag\u0103 popoarele, regiunile, ora\u0219ele \u0219i \u021b\u0103rile \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 re\u021bea, unde fiecare poate ob\u021bine informa\u021bii care se afl\u0103 \u00een alt col\u021b al globului (desigur, dac\u0103 a pl\u0103tit pentru internet). Oamenii sunt din ce \u00een ce mai atra\u0219i de cultura str\u0103in\u0103, tradi\u021biile \u0219i, \u00een special, literatura, iar adesea, accept\u0103 asemenea informa\u021bii deja procesate \u0219i traduse \u00eentr-o limb\u0103 inteligibil\u0103 de comunit\u0103\u021bi sau grupuri de persoane, publica\u021bii sau site-uri de \u0219tiri. Dar se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u0219i ca informa\u021bia s\u0103 ajung\u0103 \u00een forma ei primar\u0103, ca un volum \u00een limba original\u0103, dar, din p\u0103cate, persoana nu are \u00eentotdeauna acest volum cu traducerea (apare at\u00e2ta literatur\u0103 nou\u0103 \u00eenc\u00e2t nu po\u021bi traduce tot, \u0219i oricum, primele traduceri sunt pentru operele populare), iar el nu are abilit\u0103\u021bile necesare pentru a citi \u0219i a \u00een\u021belege despre ce este vorba \u00een carte. Iat\u0103 c\u0103 are c\u00e2teva op\u021biuni: s\u0103 a\u0219tepte traducerea oficial\u0103 (\u0219i dac\u0103 opera nu este popular\u0103, va trebui s\u0103 a\u0219tepte mult), s\u0103 a\u0219tepte o traducere amatoare (da, exist\u0103 astfel de \u00eendr\u0103zne\u021bi care se ocup\u0103 de acest lucru) sau s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 mijloacele disponibile, cum ar fi Google Translate.<\/p>\n

Primele dou\u0103 c\u0103i sunt asem\u0103n\u0103toare, deoarece te bazezi pe munca uman\u0103, de\u0219i a doua este pu\u021bin mai \u00eendoielnic\u0103, dar niciun translator oficial nu este perfect, a\u0219a c\u0103 putem s\u0103 le combin\u0103m. A doua cale, mult mai pu\u021bin viabil\u0103, de\u0219i o parte din oameni sunt deja gata s\u0103 o perceap\u0103 ca pe un produs finit, reprezint\u0103 o amenin\u021bare mult mai mare dec\u00e2t calitatea traduc\u0103torului automat, care este un instrument util destinat facilit\u0103rii muncii de rutin\u0103 a traductorului, dar nu mai mult. Pentru a nu ceda \u00een fa\u021ba acestui \u201edu\u0219man\u201d, sus\u021binut \u00een primul r\u00e2nd de cei care erau indulgenti cu calitatea traducerii, trebuie s\u0103 urmezi urm\u0103toarele principii, care vor fi expuse mai jos.<\/p>\n

1. Traduci sensul textului, nu cuvintele. Dac\u0103 nu \u00een\u021belegi - nu traduci.<\/h3>\n

\nMa\u0219ina func\u021bioneaz\u0103 conform algoritmilor. \u0218i acestea sunt cu adev\u0103rat algoritmi complicate interlingvistice, utiliz\u00e2nd dic\u021bionare \u0219i reguli gramaticale, trebuie s\u0103 recunoa\u0219tem acest lucru. Dar! Traducerea unui text nu este doar traducerea cuvintelor dintr-o limb\u0103 \u00een alta, ci un proces mult mai complex. Un dezavantaj semnificativ al traduc\u0103torului automat este c\u0103 nu poate \u00een\u021belege sensul textului. <\/p>\n

Prin urmare, Translator-Om, dezvolt\u0103-\u021bi cuno\u0219tin\u021bele despre limba pe care o traduci, p\u00e2n\u0103 la nivelul expresiilor idiomatice, proverbelor \u0219i zic\u0103torilor, frazeologismelor. Sensul - acesta este ceea ce conteaz\u0103 \u00een primul r\u00e2nd \u0219i ceea ce trebuie s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi din text!<\/p>\n

2. \u00cenv\u0103\u021b\u0103-\u021bi limba matern\u0103, drag\u0103 inimii, limba rus\u0103, m\u0103rea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i puternic\u0103. Traducerea trebuie s\u0103 corespund\u0103 \u00een \u00eentregime normelor limbii \u00een care se realizeaz\u0103 traducerea, \u00een cazul nostru, limba rus\u0103.<\/h3>\n

\nDa, consider c\u0103 acest punct este la fel de important ca \u0219i cunoa\u0219terea limbii str\u0103ine din care se face traducerea. Exist\u0103 cazuri frecvente \u00een care cei care se apuc\u0103 de meseria de traduc\u0103tor fac gre\u0219eli \u00een propria lor limb\u0103\u2026 C\u00e2nd \u00een casa ta se afl\u0103 haos \u0219i dezordine, cum po\u021bi merge \u00een casa altcuiva \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eei \u00eenve\u021bi pe proprietari s\u0103-\u0219i fac\u0103 ordine? Corect, deloc. <\/p>\n

Eu sunt un sus\u021bin\u0103tor al domestic\u0103rii \u00een strategia de traducere \u0219i, prin urmare, consider c\u0103 orice \u00eencercare de a prezenta diferen\u021bele culturale \u00een text prin mijloace necaracteristice limbii rom\u00e2ne reprezint\u0103 forme locale de *-manie, unde \u00een loc de asterisc, se poate substitui, de exemplu, cu gallic- sau anglo-, \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe. Desigur, un anumit grup de cuvinte, cum ar fi titluri specifice \u021b\u0103rii (vali, \u0219ah, rege etc.), formule de adresare (domnule, sir, domn) pot fi transmutate, dar aceasta ar fi nera\u021bional. <\/p>\n

Iube\u0219te-\u021bi limba. Pre\u021buie\u0219te-o. <\/p>\n

\u0218i indiferent ce spun cunosc\u0103torii despre p\u0103strarea particularit\u0103\u021bilor culturale ale textului, esen\u021bial \u00een text r\u0103m\u00e2ne intriga, personajele, emo\u021biile \u0219i sensurile, iar mediul cultural poate fi \u00een\u021beles \u0219i prin alte metode, de exemplu, prin \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea limbii originale. Iar traduc\u0103torul este necesar pentru a transpune textul \u00eentr-un format accesibil cititorului, adic\u0103 \u00een limba natal\u0103.<\/p>\n

3. Nu te teme s\u0103 transformi textul str\u0103in<\/h3>\n

\nNu voi aprofunda teoria traducerii, dar exist\u0103 o serie de transform\u0103ri concrete \u00een traducerea textului. \u00cen textul traducerii pot fi ad\u0103ugate elemente suplimentare, pot fi omise sau relocate, totul fiind hot\u0103r\u00e2t pe baza analizei textului tradus, dar presupune \u0219i o baz\u0103 lingvistic\u0103 bun\u0103. Apropo, \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u021b\u0103, traductorul automat r\u0103m\u00e2ne mult \u00een urm\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de un traduc\u0103tor uman. Ma\u0219ina traduce 'a\u0219a cum este', iar omul poate decide 'cum este mai bine' \u0219i ac\u021biona \u00een consecin\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

4. \u0218i \u00een al patrulea r\u00e2nd, fii r\u0103bd\u0103tor \u0219i perseverent<\/h3>\n

\nC\u0103ci traducerea unui text este o munc\u0103 foarte grea, care necesit\u0103 mult\u0103 energie \u0219i timp, precum \u0219i cuno\u0219tin\u021be, un orizont larg \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bi de adaptare. <\/p>\n

\u00cen ceea ce m\u0103 prive\u0219te, eu efectuez traduceri din limba japonez\u0103, iar acest lucru \u00eemi garanteaz\u0103 o serie de bariere suplimentare, iar ma\u0219inilor de traducere nu le u\u0219ureaz\u0103 via\u021ba, c\u0103ci recunoa\u0219terea modelor pentru limbile orientale joac\u0103 un rol foarte important. Dar \u00een timpul \u00een care traduc texte str\u0103ine, am dezvoltat pentru mine cele patru principii men\u021bionate mai sus, care fac traducerea s\u0103 fie o Traducere, nu o simpl\u0103 copie a unui text str\u0103in, \u0219i care, din punctul meu de vedere, sunt unice \u00een orice caz, fie c\u0103 este vorba de japonez\u0103 sau englez\u0103, de exemplu. <\/p>\n

\u0218i, concluzion\u00e2nd, \u00een ce anume traduc\u0103torul nu va ceda ma\u0219inii?<\/h3>\n

\nUn om nu va ceda unui translator automat \u00een abilitatea de a \u00een\u021belege ceea ce nu este evident, Sensul. Ma\u0219ina \u00een\u021belege cuvinte, grupuri de cuvinte, gramatic\u0103, lexic, uneori distinge omonime, dar sensul ca un element compus al textului nu va fi con\u0219tientizat \u00een cur\u00e2nd. Dar, de asemenea, un om pentru a \u00een\u021belege Sensul textului trebuie s\u0103 st\u0103p\u00e2neasc\u0103 cu m\u0103iestrie limba matern\u0103, iar cititorul trebuie s\u0103 \u021bin\u0103 cont c\u0103 rezultatul traducerii automate poate fi foarte departe de adev\u0103ratul sens al textului.<\/p>\n

Despre transform\u0103rile traducerii pute\u021bi citi, de asemenea, pentru a exersa, aici.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Restul, cred, nu dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te cuno\u0219tin\u021be obi\u0219nuite.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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| ProHoster","description":"De mult timp circul\u0103 zvonuri c\u0103 traducerea automat\u0103 va putea \u00eenlocui translatorul uman, iar uneori auzim afirma\u021bii de genul c\u0103 \u201eTraducerile efectuate de oameni \u0219i Google Neural Machine sunt aproape.\u201d","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/chetyre-printsipa-perevoda-ili-v-chem-zhe-chelovek-ne-ustupit-mashinnomu-perevodchiku","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0443? 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