{"id":54667,"date":"2020-01-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-31T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/chto-ajtishniku-ne-stoit-delat-v-2020"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:42","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:42","slug":"chto-ajtishniku-ne-stoit-delat-v-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-ajtishniku-ne-stoit-delat-v-2020","title":{"rendered":"Ce nu ar trebui s\u0103 fac\u0103 un IT-ist \u00een 2020?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Habr este plin de prognoze \u0219i sfaturi despre ce s\u0103 faci \u00een anul urm\u0103tor \u2014 ce limbi s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi, \u00een ce domenii s\u0103 te orientezi, cum s\u0103 ai grij\u0103 de s\u0103n\u0103tatea ta. Sun\u0103 inspirator! Dar orice moned\u0103 are dou\u0103 fe\u021be, iar noi ne \u00eempiedic\u0103m nu doar \u00een lucruri noi, ci, \u00een majoritatea cazurilor, \u00een cele pe care le facem \u00een fiecare zi. \u201eDe ce nu m-a avertizat nimeni!\u201d, exclam\u0103m iritat, de obicei c\u0103tre noi \u00een\u0219ine. Ne asum\u0103m riscuri \u2014 am compilat pentru voi o list\u0103 cu ceea ce NU ar trebui s\u0103 face\u021bi \u00een 2020 (sau poate \u0219i \u00eentotdeauna).\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Ce<\/a><\/noindex>
\nDar gravita\u021bia nu a fost \u00eentrebat\u0103<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nNe-ar pl\u0103cea foarte mult s\u0103 ordon\u0103m aceste anti-recomand\u0103ri de la cele mai importante la cele mai pu\u021bin semnificative. Dar ele sunt at\u00e2t de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite, echivalente \u0219i familiarizate \u00eenc\u00e2t vom scrie haotic. Ei bine, s\u0103 vedem lista?<\/p>\n

Nu trebuie s\u0103 intri \u00een IT dac\u0103 totul este bine<\/h3>\n

\nNu \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi o nou\u0103 tehnologie doar pentru a v\u0103 schimba profesia sau a \u00eencepe de la zero. Timpul nostru este minunat deoarece permite \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea, schimbarea locului de munc\u0103, schimbarea radical\u0103 a domeniului \u2014 \u0219i asta chiar p\u00e2n\u0103 la pensie. Este o chestie fain\u0103 \u0219i tentant\u0103. Dar dac\u0103 ave\u021bi mai mult de 28-30 de ani, nu ar trebui s\u0103 renun\u021ba\u021bi la tot doar pentru a intra \u00een IT sau a schimba tehnologia (de exemplu, scrie\u021bi sisteme cu \u00eenc\u0103rcare mare \u00een Java \u0219i brusc decide\u021bi s\u0103 trece\u021bi la re\u021bele neuronale \u00een Python). Motivul este simplu: v\u0103 va fi greu. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, concuren\u021ba este mare din partea speciali\u0219tilor care \u201esunt\u201d pe aceast\u0103 tehnologie \u00eenc\u0103 de la \u00eenceputul carierei lor, \u00een al doilea r\u00e2nd, va trebui s\u0103 deveni\u021bi din nou junior cu un salariu mic, iar \u00een al treilea r\u00e2nd, va fi moral greu s\u0103 deveni\u021bi subalternul celui mai de jos nivel din ierarhie. Prin urmare, dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 merge\u021bi \u00eentr-o alt\u0103 direc\u021bie, \u00eencerca\u021bi s\u0103 face\u021bi acest lucru fie \u00een cadrul muncii actuale \u0219i al sarcinilor actuale, fie dezvolta\u021bi noi cuno\u0219tin\u021be ca un hobby, dezvolta\u021bi un proiect personal pentru a veni la un nou loc de munc\u0103 deja nu ca junior.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Schimbarea tehnologiilor cu alte tehnologii \u2014 doar pierdere de timp<\/h3>\n

\nNu oscilati \u00eentre tehnologiile pentru dezvoltarea voastr\u0103. Dac\u0103 scrie\u021bi un proiect \u00eentr-o limb\u0103, folosi\u021bi un anumit framework \u0219i biblioteci, nu ar trebui s\u0103 renun\u021ba\u021bi la tot \u0219i s\u0103 rescrie\u021bi pe Dart, doar pentru c\u0103 vi s-a p\u0103rut interesant. Face\u021bi un obicei din a g\u0103si o justificare pentru schimbarea tehnologiei \u2014 nu doar la nivelul \u201evreau-nu pot\u201d, ci \u0219i la nivel financiar \u0219i ingineresc.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Ce
\n<\/p>\n

Nu trebuie s\u0103 insi\u0219ti \u0219i s\u0103 te \u00eempotmole\u0219ti.<\/h3>\n

\nA te \u00eempotrivi unui singur limbaj sau tehnologie \u0219i a nu \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba lucruri noi este o extrem\u0103, la fel ca \u0219i schimbarea stivei cu fiecare nou\u0103 tehnologie. Asigur\u0103-te c\u0103 studiezi noi biblioteci \u0219i cadre, nu fi \u00eenc\u0103p\u0103\u021b\u00e2nat \u00een convingerea c\u0103 tot ceea ce este mai bun a fost inventat \u00eenaintea ta \u0219i rafinat exclusiv de tine. Practic, pentru fiecare limbaj ies constant actualiz\u0103ri, care pot \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi semnificativ proiectul t\u0103u. Nu te lenevi s\u0103 urm\u0103re\u0219ti dinamica stivei tale \u0219i, de \u00eendat\u0103 ce g\u0103se\u0219ti ceva grozav \u0219i util, \u00eencorporeaz\u0103-l \u00een proiect!<\/p>\n

Capul t\u0103u este bun, mereu este bine.<\/h3>\n

\nNu g\u00e2ndi cu capul altora, al t\u0103u este mai bun. Din p\u0103cate, unii dezvoltatori stau \u0219i a\u0219teapt\u0103 s\u0103 le vin\u0103 o sarcin\u0103 de codare de la eroarea precedent\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la final, f\u0103r\u0103 a \u00eencerca s\u0103 aduc\u0103 ceva de-al lor \u00een proiect, s\u0103 dezvolte o nou\u0103 func\u021bie, s\u0103 testeze \u0219i s\u0103 propun\u0103 \u00een produc\u021bie. De ce s\u0103 te obose\u0219ti, c\u00e2nd exist\u0103 capul team leader-ului sau al managerului care decid totul? Dac\u0103 te-ai recunoscut, avem ve\u0219ti proaste: o pozi\u021bie pasiv\u0103 nu te va ajuta nici \u00een carier\u0103, nici \u00een dezvoltare. Ai \u0219ansa s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi \u00eencerci for\u021bele ca inginer-dezvoltator, nu ca programator \u00eentr-un proiect real \u0219i s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegi \u00eencotro s\u0103 te \u00eendrep\u021bi, ce \u00ee\u021bi lipse\u0219te, dar preferi s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi petreci timpul cu altceva \u0219i s\u0103 faci exact \u201ede la x la y\u201d. Cei care sunt a\u0219a \u00een IT-ul actual supravie\u021buiesc din ce \u00een ce mai greu, ie\u0219i din anabiotic.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Utilizatorii sunt oameni \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103tori.<\/h3>\n

\nNu supraestima utilizatorii software-ului t\u0103u: dac\u0103 nu scrii pentru programatori, a\u0219teapt\u0103-te ca programul s\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2mpine o ne\u00een\u021belegere insurmontabil\u0103. \u00cen primele c\u00e2teva zile sau s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni, utilizatorul va ur\u00ee software-ul t\u0103u, pentru c\u0103 \u201evechiul nu era at\u00e2t de prost\u201d. Pentru a evita acest lucru, f\u0103 o documenta\u021bie grozav\u0103 \u0219i materiale de instruire. La instalare sau achizi\u021bie, subliniaz\u0103 foarte insistent c\u0103 manualele ar trebui citite \u00eenainte de a \u00eencepe s\u0103 lucreze cu programul, nu dup\u0103 pr\u0103bu\u0219irea bazei de date, pierderea parolei \u0219i autoreglementarea.<\/p>\n

\"Ce
\n
\nNu subestima utilizatorii: sunt mai inteligen\u021bi, mai ingenio\u0219i \u0219i mai curio\u0219i dec\u00e2t crede\u021bi. Dac\u0103 crede\u021bi c\u0103 acel bug legat de formatul variabilei \u0219i excep\u021bia de la ap\u0103sarea a 138-a pe Enter cu un interval de o secund\u0103 nu va ap\u0103rea, v\u0103 \u00een\u0219ela\u021bi \u2014 va ap\u0103rea \u0219i va afecta func\u021bionarea aplica\u021biei dumneavoastr\u0103 \u00een cele mai ciudate moduri. Se aplic\u0103 regula \u00eencep\u0103torului: tocmai el se descurc\u0103 cel mai bine la testare. Dar utilizatorilor nu le place, dintr-un motiv sau altul, s\u0103 descopere bug-uri \u00een produc\u021bie \u2014 nu exist\u0103 nici o solidaritate IT \u00een asta. \u00cen general, cu c\u00e2t e\u0219ti mai sigur de software-ul t\u0103u \u2014 cu at\u00e2t mai bine. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, e mai bine s\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2rzii lansarea unor func\u021bii dec\u00e2t s\u0103 le adaugi \u00eentr-o aplica\u021bie \u00een func\u021biune \u0219i s\u0103 o faci brusc nefunc\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"Ce\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00cenceta\u021bi s\u0103 c\u0103uta\u021bi pe Google!<\/h3>\n

\nNu te limita doar la Google. Nici nu o s\u0103 mai discut\u0103m \u2014 \u00een domeniul dezvolt\u0103rii, c\u0103ut\u00e2nd direct pe motorul de c\u0103utare po\u021bi g\u0103si foarte multe informa\u021bii. Cu c\u00e2t te scufunzi mai ad\u00e2nc \u00een c\u0103utarea informa\u021biilor, cu at\u00e2t mai multe date \u201elaterale\u201d vei ob\u021bine \u0219i vei \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba mai multe, deoarece vei descoperi ceva nou nelegate de cererea ta, dar probabil necesar \u00een viitor. Consult\u0103 materiale complete, c\u0103r\u021bi, articole etc. Limbajele \u0219i bibliotecile au specifica\u021bii, comunit\u0103\u021bi, ghiduri, astfel ob\u021bii cea mai fiabil\u0103 modalitate de a-\u021bi dezvolta abilit\u0103\u021bile de programator \u2014 citind documenta\u021bia, nu c\u0103ut\u00e2nd solu\u021bii locale \u0219i fragmente de cod de la al\u021bii. \u0218i poate solu\u021bia ta va fi mai optimizat\u0103, mai rapid\u0103 \u0219i mai bun\u0103?\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00cencrede-te, dar verific\u0103<\/h3>\n

\nNu utiliza biblioteci \u0219i cadre realizate de dezvoltatori ter\u021bi f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 verifici codul \u0219i s\u0103-l adaptezi pentru obiectivele tale. Nu ai motive s\u0103 ai \u00eencredere necondi\u021bionat\u0103 \u00een acel autor de cod, pe care nu-l cuno\u0219ti deloc. Da, elementele d\u0103un\u0103toare inten\u021bionate \u00een codul ter\u021b nu apar foarte des \u0219i nu trebuie s\u0103 suferi de paranoia, dar copierea oarb\u0103 a p\u0103r\u021bilor de software gata f\u0103cute \u00een proiectul t\u0103u poate duce la consecin\u021be imprevizibile. Prin urmare, asigur\u0103-te c\u0103 cite\u0219ti \u0219i analizezi codul \u00eenainte de utilizare \u0219i efectuezi teste dup\u0103 implementarea codului.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Realiza\u021bi backup-uri!<\/h3>\n

\nOpri\u021bi-v\u0103 din a nu face backup-uri sau a le stoca pe acelea\u0219i servere externe pe care se g\u0103se\u0219te proiectul dumneavoastr\u0103. Crede\u021bi c\u0103 este un sfat amuzant \u0219i inutil? Dar mai mult de 700 de participan\u021bi dintr-un grup de Telegram care s-au confruntat cu o situa\u021bie nepl\u0103cut\u0103 recent, legat\u0103 de oprirea unui cunoscut data center, nu au fost de aceea\u0219i p\u0103rere \u2014 a fost tot felul: de la proiecte mici la site-uri mari ale agen\u021biilor guvernamentale \u0219i baze de date corporative 1C \u0219i de billing. O parte semnificativ\u0103 \u2014 f\u0103r\u0103 backup-uri sau cu backup-uri acolo. A\u0219a c\u0103 dispersa\u021bi riscurile \u0219i p\u0103stra\u021bi un backup cel pu\u021bin pe principalul hosting, pe un VDS de \u00eencredere \u0219i pe serverul dumneavoastr\u0103 local. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, va fi mult mai ieftin.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Basta cu a v\u0103 sacrifica proiectul.<\/h3>\n

\nNu face\u021bi \u00een proiectul de lucru ceea ce dori\u021bi, ci face\u021bi ceea ce au nevoie clien\u021bii. Da, este extrem de interesant \u0219i grozav s\u0103 crea\u021bi propriul model de re\u021bea neuronal\u0103, s\u0103-l antrena\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103-l implementa\u021bi \u00een software-ul dumneavoastr\u0103, dar dac\u0103 clien\u021bii dumneavoastr\u0103 au nevoie de un simplu manager de contacte, atunci va fi un lux costisitor. Uita\u021bi-v\u0103 cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 proiectul, citi\u021bi documenta\u021bia, citi\u021bi recenziile \u0219i cererile clien\u021bilor \u0219i implementa\u021bi ceea ce va ad\u0103uga valoare de afaceri proiectului. Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 crea\u021bi ceva \u0219tiin\u021bific sau deosebit de complex, \u00eencepe\u021bi cu propriul proiect.<\/p>\n

Nu cod, ci un ghem de nervi.<\/h3>\n

\nNu scrie\u021bi cod ilizibil \u0219i nedocumentat. Ne este cunoscut\u0103 aceast\u0103 metod\u0103: dezvoltatorul scrie codul cum \u00eei vine la suflet, o complic\u0103 pu\u021bin inten\u021bionat, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t nimeni din colegi s\u0103 nu se poat\u0103 descurca \u00een scris \u2014 o form\u0103 de r\u0103zbunare preventiv\u0103 \u00eenainte de a se \u00eent\u00e2mpla ceva. Totu\u0219i, pune\u021bi \u00een pericol nu doar compania (care v\u0103 pl\u0103te\u0219te pentru aceast\u0103 munc\u0103), ci \u0219i pe dumneavoastr\u0103: este foarte probabil c\u0103 nu ve\u021bi mai \u021bine minte ce a\u021bi vrut s\u0103 exprima\u021bi cu aceast\u0103 obfuscatie neinten\u021bionat\u0103. Aceea\u0219i situa\u021bie este \u0219i cu codul nedocumentat: baz\u00e2ndu-v\u0103 pe propria logic\u0103 de denumire a variabilelor \u0219i func\u021biilor \u0219i pe o memorie bun\u0103, dup\u0103 c\u00e2\u021biva ani este posibil s\u0103 nu v\u0103 aminti\u021bi de ce a\u021bi ales exact acest ciclu, metod\u0103, pattern etc. Documentarea codului \u0219i o bun\u0103 structur\u0103 a acestuia reprezint\u0103 un serviciu excelent pentru colegi, angajator \u0219i \u00een primul r\u00e2nd pentru dumneavoastr\u0103.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Ce
\n<\/p>\n

P\u0103streaz\u0103-l simplu, prostule.<\/h3>\n

\nNu complica\u021bi codul, solu\u021biile \u0219i proiectele. Nu este nevoie s\u0103 construi\u021bi o structur\u0103 complicat\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 genera\u021bi entit\u0103\u021bi f\u0103r\u0103 o semnifica\u021bie special\u0103. Cu c\u00e2t codul dumneavoastr\u0103 este mai complicat, cu at\u00e2t mai mult deveni\u021bi prizonierul s\u0103u - v\u0103 va fi extrem de dificil s\u0103-l \u00eentre\u021bine\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103-l dezvolta\u021bi. Desigur, celebrul principiu KISS (\u201eKeep it simple, stupid\u201d) nu se potrive\u0219te \u00eentotdeauna, dar nu a fost creat f\u0103r\u0103 un motiv: simplitatea \u0219i elegan\u021ba codului sunt cheia aplic\u0103rii \u0219i reutiliz\u0103rii sale de succes.<\/p>\n

\"Ce
\n<\/p>\n

Proteja\u021bi-v\u0103<\/h3>\n

\nNu ignora\u021bi securitatea \u2014 \u00een 2020 a fost literalmente un mare risc. Chiar dac\u0103 compania dumneavoastr\u0103, dezvoltarea \u0219i dumneavoastr\u0103 nu sunt de interes pentru infractori, problemele legate de un segment al re\u021belei, de un furnizor de hosting, de un atac asupra centrului de date sau de furtul parolelor de e-mail pot s\u0103 v\u0103 afecteze. De asemenea, comportamentul nesigur al angaja\u021bilor, care pot fura date din companie, clien\u021bi sau codul surs\u0103 al \u00eentregului proiect, poate crea probleme. Dac\u0103 este \u00een puterea dumneavoastr\u0103 \u0219i face parte din competen\u021ba dumneavoastr\u0103, \u00eencerca\u021bi s\u0103 proteja\u021bi proiectele cu care lucra\u021bi. De asemenea, respecta\u021bi securitatea informa\u021bional\u0103, acest lucru nu a afectat niciodat\u0103 pe nimeni.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nu scuipa\u021bi \u00een f\u00e2nt\u00e2n\u0103<\/h3>\n

\nNu v\u0103 sabota\u021bi angajatorul. \u00cen ziua de azi, comunicarea a ajuns la un nivel \u00een care, de exemplu, to\u021bi HR-ii din ora\u0219 se cunosc \u00eentre ei \u0219i pot schimba orice informa\u021bie \u00een grupuri de chat \u0219i grupuri \u00eenchise (fie c\u0103 este vorba despre ajutor \u00een angajare, fie despre a scrie \u201eVasilii Ivanov, arhitect de sisteme, \u00eenainte de a pleca a \u0219ters toate conturile, a estompat backup-urile \u0219i a deconectat re\u021beaua, recuperarea a durat 3 zile. Nu-l angaja\u021bi\u201d). Astfel, comportamentul dumneavoastr\u0103 va juca exclusiv \u00eempotriva dumneavoastr\u0103 \u2014 \u0219i uneori, relocarea \u00eentr-un alt ora\u0219 sau capital\u0103 nu ajut\u0103. Chiar dac\u0103 pleca\u021bi sup\u0103rat, nu exist\u0103 o r\u0103zbunare mai bun\u0103 dec\u00e2t s\u0103 deveni\u021bi un angajat valoros \u0219i excelent al competitorului \ud83d\ude42 \u0218i, cel mai important, total impunit.<\/p>\n

\"Ce
\nA\u0219a ceva nu ar trebui s\u0103 face\u021bi niciodat\u0103. Dar, dup\u0103 cum arat\u0103 experien\u021ba, nu ne vom opri<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00cen general, prieteni, citi\u021bi sfaturile, dar face\u021bi a\u0219a cum crede\u021bi c\u0103 este cel mai bine \u2014 pentru c\u0103 adev\u0103ratele descoperiri sunt f\u0103cute atunci c\u00e2nd ne \u00eendoim de adev\u0103rurile deja acceptate. V\u0103 felicit\u0103m cu ocazia Anului Nou, s\u0103 ave\u021bi proiecte de succes, o carier\u0103 interesant\u0103, colegi \u0219i conduc\u0103tori ra\u021bionali, iar via\u021ba, \u00een general, s\u0103 mearg\u0103 bine. A\u0219adar, pentru Anul Nou \u0219i pentru un nou cod!\u00a0<\/p>\n

Cu dragoste,
\nechipa RegionSoft Developer Studio<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00cen noul an, vom continua s\u0103 lucr\u0103m pentru voi \u0219i s\u0103 dezvolt\u0103m un sistem CRM desktop puternic RegionSoft CRM <\/a><\/noindex>\u0219i un helpdesk simplu \u0219i convenabil \u0219i sistem de ticketing ZEDLine Support<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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