{"id":54741,"date":"2020-01-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-02T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/shest-mifov-o-blokchejne-i-bitkojne-ili-pochemu-eto-ne-takaya-uzh-effektivnaya-tehnologiya"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:47","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:47","slug":"shest-mifov-o-blokchejne-i-bitkojne-ili-pochemu-eto-ne-takaya-uzh-effektivnaya-tehnologiya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/shest-mifov-o-blokchejne-i-bitkojne-ili-pochemu-eto-ne-takaya-uzh-effektivnaya-tehnologiya","title":{"rendered":"\u0218ase mituri despre blockchain \u0219i Bitcoin, sau De ce aceasta nu este o tehnologie at\u00e2t de eficient\u0103","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Autorul articolului \u2014 Alexei Malanov, expert \u00een dezvoltarea tehnologiilor antivirus la \u201eLaboratorul Kaspersky\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

Am auzit de multe ori p\u0103rerea c\u0103 blockchain-ul este ceva foarte cool, o inova\u021bie, c\u0103 acesta reprezint\u0103 viitorul. V\u0103 spun cu regret c\u0103, dac\u0103 a\u021bi crezut \u00een asta, v\u0103 dezam\u0103gesc.<\/p>\n

Precizare: \u00een acest articol vom discuta despre varianta de implementare a tehnologiei blockchain utilizat\u0103 \u00een criptomoneda Bitcoin. Exist\u0103 alte aplica\u021bii \u0219i implement\u0103ri ale blockchain-ului, \u00een unele dintre ele fiind eliminate anumite deficien\u021be ale \u201eblockchain-ului clasic\u201d, dar de obicei se bazeaz\u0103 pe acelea\u0219i principii.<\/p>\n

\"\u0218ase
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Despre Bitcoin \u00een general<\/h3>\n

\nTehnologia Bitcoin \u00een sine o consider revolu\u021bionar\u0103. Din p\u0103cate, Bitcoin-ul este utilizat prea des pentru scopuri criminale, iar mie, ca specialist \u00een securitatea informa\u021biilor, acest lucru nu \u00eemi place deloc. Dar, discut\u00e2nd despre tehnologii, ruperea este evident\u0103.<\/p>\n

Toate componentele protocolului Bitcoin \u0219i ideile integrate \u00een el au fost, \u00een general, cunoscute \u0219i \u00eenainte de 2009, dar capacitatea de a le asambla \u0219i de a le face s\u0103 func\u021bioneze a reu\u0219it tocmai autorilor Bitcoin \u00een acel an. \u00cen aproape 9 ani de implementare a fost g\u0103sit\u0103 doar o vulnerabilitate critic\u0103: un atacator a ob\u021binut 92 de miliarde de bitcoins pe un singur cont, iar corectarea a necesitat \u00eentoarcerea \u00eentregii istorii financiare cu o zi. Cu toate acestea, doar o singur\u0103 vulnerabilitate \u00eentr-o astfel de perioad\u0103 \u2014 este un rezultat demn de laud\u0103.<\/p>\n

Autorii Bitcoin-ului au avut de rezolvat o sarcin\u0103: s\u0103 fac\u0103 acest sistem s\u0103 func\u021bioneze \u00eentr-o absen\u021b\u0103 total\u0103 a centraliz\u0103rii \u0219i \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care nimeni nu se baza pe \u00eencredere. Autorii au \u00eendeplinit acest obiectiv, banii electronici func\u021bioneaz\u0103. Dar solu\u021biile pe care le-au adoptat sunt monstruos de ineficiente.<\/p>\n

Vreau s\u0103 precizez de la \u00eenceput c\u0103 scopul acestui articol nu este deloc discreditarea blockchain-ului. Este o tehnologie util\u0103, care deja g\u0103se\u0219te \u0219i va g\u0103si cu siguran\u021b\u0103 multe aplica\u021bii excelente. \u00cen ciuda dezavantajelor sale, are \u0219i unele avantaje unice. Totu\u0219i, \u00een c\u0103utarea senza\u021bionalului \u0219i revolu\u021bionarului, multe persoane se concentreaz\u0103 pe beneficiile tehnologiei \u0219i uit\u0103 adesea s\u0103 aprecieze obiectiv situa\u021bia real\u0103, ignor\u00e2nd dezavantajele. Prin urmare, consider c\u0103 este util s\u0103 analiz\u0103m \u0219i aceste deficien\u021be pentru diversitate.<\/p>\n

\"\u0218ase
\nExemplu de carte \u00een care autorul \u00ee\u0219i pune mari speran\u021be \u00een blockchain. Urm\u0103toarele citate sunt din aceast\u0103 carte.<\/i><\/p>\n

Mitul 1: Blockchain-ul este un computer distribuit gigantic.<\/h3>\n

\nCitatul nr. 1: \u201eBlockchain-ul poate deveni \u00abbriciul lui Occam\u00bb, cel mai eficient, direct \u0219i natural mijloc de coordonare a \u00eentregii activit\u0103\u021bi umane \u0219i mecanice, conform tendin\u021bei naturale spre echilibru.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 nu a\u021bi aprofundat principiile de func\u021bionare ale blockchain-ului,<\/a><\/noindex>, ci doar a\u021bi auzit p\u0103rerile despre aceast\u0103 tehnologie, este posibil s\u0103 fi avut impresia c\u0103 blockchain-ul este un fel de computer distribuit care efectueaz\u0103, respectiv, calcule distribuite. C\u0103 nodurile din \u00eentreaga lume colecteaz\u0103, pe buc\u0103\u021bele, ceva mai mare.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 reprezentare este fundamental eronat\u0103. \u00cen realitate, toate nodurile care sus\u021bin blockchain-ul fac exact acela\u0219i lucru. milioane de computere:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Verific\u0103 acelea\u0219i tranzac\u021bii conform acelora\u0219i reguli. Efectueaz\u0103 aceea\u0219i munc\u0103.<\/li>\n
  2. \u00cenregistreaz\u0103 \u00een blockchain (dac\u0103 au noroc \u0219i li se d\u0103 voie s\u0103 \u00eenregistreze) acela\u0219i lucru.<\/li>\n
  3. Stocheaz\u0103 \u00eentreaga istorie pentru totdeauna, identic\u0103, una pentru to\u021bi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nNici o paralelizare, nici o sinergie, nici o asisten\u021b\u0103 reciproc\u0103. Numai duplicare, \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103 pe un milion de ori. Despre utilitatea acestui lucru vom discuta mai jos, dar, dup\u0103 cum vede\u021bi, eficien\u021ba este inexistent\u0103. Mai degrab\u0103 invers.<\/p>\n

    Mitul 2: Blockchain-ul este ve\u0219nic. Tot ce este \u00eenregistrat \u00een el va r\u0103m\u00e2ne pentru totdeauna.<\/h3>\n

    \nCitatul nr. 2: \u201e\u00cen condi\u021biile r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirii aplica\u021biilor, organiza\u021biilor, corpora\u021biilor \u0219i societ\u0103\u021bilor descentralizate, pot ap\u0103rea multe noi tipuri de comportament imprevizibil \u0219i complex, similar cu inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103 (IA).\u201d<\/p>\n

    Da, cu adev\u0103rat, a\u0219a cum am descoperit, fiecare client complet al re\u021belei stocheaz\u0103 \u00eentreaga istorie a tuturor tranzac\u021biilor, iar acum au acumulat mai mult de 100 de gigaocte\u021bi de date. Aceasta este capacitatea total\u0103 a unui laptop ieftin sau a celui mai modern smartphone. \u0218i cu c\u00e2t mai multe tranzac\u021bii sunt efectuate \u00een re\u021beaua Bitcoin, cu at\u00e2t volumul cre\u0219te mai repede. O mare parte a ap\u0103rut \u00een ultimii c\u00e2\u021biva ani.<\/p>\n

    \"\u0218ase
    \nCre\u0219terea volumului blockchain-ului.     Sursa<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

    \u0218i Bitcoin a avut noroc \u2014 concurentul s\u0103u, re\u021beaua Ethereum, a acumulat, \u00een doar doi ani de la lansare \u0219i jum\u0103tate de an de utilizare activ\u0103 \u00een blockchain, deja 200 de gigabytes. A\u0219adar, \u00een realit\u0103\u021bile actuale, ve\u0219nicia blockchain-ului este limitat\u0103 la c\u00e2teva zeci de ani \u2014 cre\u0219terea capacit\u0103\u021bii hard disk-urilor cu siguran\u021b\u0103 nu \u021bine pasul cu volumul tot mai mare al blockchain-ului.<\/p>\n

    Dar pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 faptul c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 fie stocat, acesta trebuie \u0219i s\u0103 fie desc\u0103rcat. Oricine a \u00eencercat s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 un portofel local complet pentru o criptomoned\u0103 a descoperit cu uimire c\u0103 nu poate efectua \u0219i primi pl\u0103\u021bi p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd nu se descarc\u0103 \u0219i verific\u0103 \u00eentregul volum specificat. Vei avea noroc dac\u0103 acest proces va dura doar c\u00e2teva zile.<\/p>\n

    Te vei \u00eentreba, de ce s\u0103 nu p\u0103str\u0103m totul, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 este acela\u0219i lucru, pe fiecare nod al re\u021belei? Se poate, dar, pe de-o parte, nu va mai fi un blockchain peer-to-peer, ci o arhitectur\u0103 tradi\u021bional\u0103 client-server. Iar pe de alt\u0103 parte, clien\u021bii vor fi nevoi\u021bi s\u0103 aib\u0103 \u00eencredere \u00een servere. Deci, ideea de \u00abnu te \u00eencrede \u00een nimeni\u00bb, pentru care blockchain-ul a fost, printre altele, inventat, dispare \u00een acest caz.<\/p>\n

    De mult timp, utilizatorii Bitcoin sunt \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi\u021bi \u00eentre entuzia\u0219ti, care \u00absufer\u0103\u00bb \u0219i descarc\u0103 totul, \u0219i oameni obi\u0219nui\u021bi, care folosesc portofele online, au \u00eencredere \u00een server \u0219i c\u0103rora, \u00een general, nu le pas\u0103 cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103.<\/p>\n

    Mit 3: Blockchain-ul este eficient \u0219i scalabil, banii obi\u0219nui\u021bi vor disp\u0103rea.<\/h3>\n

    \nCitat nr. 3: \u201cCombina\u021bia \u00abtehnologie blockchain + conectivitatea personal\u0103 organismului\u00bb va permite codificarea \u0219i accesarea \u00een format comprimat standardizat a tuturor g\u00e2ndurilor umane. Datele vor putea fi captate prin scanarea cortexului cerebral, EEG, interfe\u021belor creier-computer, nanorobo\u021bilor cognitivi etc. G\u00e2ndirea va putea fi reprezentat\u0103 sub forma unor lan\u021buri de blocuri, \u00eenregistr\u00e2nd practic \u00eentreaga experien\u021b\u0103 subiectiv\u0103 a unei persoane \u0219i, poate, chiar con\u0219tiin\u021ba sa. Dup\u0103 \u00eenregistrarea \u00een blockchain, diverse componente ale amintirilor vor putea fi administrate \u0219i transmise \u2013 de exemplu, pentru restaurarea memoriei \u00een cazurile de boli \u00eenso\u021bite de amnezie.\u201d<\/a><\/noindex> organismului\" va permite codificarea \u0219i disponibilizarea \u00eentr-un format comprimat standardizat a tuturor g\u00e2ndurilor umane. Datele vor putea fi capturate prin scanarea cortexului cerebral, EEG, interfe\u021be creier-computer, nanorobo\u021bi cognitivi etc. G\u00e2ndirea va putea fi reprezentat\u0103 sub form\u0103 de lan\u021buri de blocuri, \u00een care va fi \u00eenregistrat\u0103 practic toat\u0103 experien\u021ba subiectiv\u0103 a unei persoane \u0219i, poate, chiar con\u0219tiin\u021ba acesteia. Dup\u0103 \u00eenregistrarea \u00een blockchain, diverse componente ale amintirilor vor putea fi gestionate \u0219i transmise \u2013 de exemplu, pentru recuperarea memoriei \u00een cazuri de boli \u00eenso\u021bite de amnezie.<\/p>\n

    Dac\u0103 fiecare nod al re\u021belei face acela\u0219i lucru, este evident c\u0103 l\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 a \u00eentregii re\u021bele este egal\u0103 cu l\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 a unui singur nod al re\u021belei. \u0218i \u0219ti\u021bi la ce valoare se ridic\u0103 aceasta? Bitcoin poate procesa un maxim de 7 tranzac\u021bii pe secund\u0103 - \u00een total.<\/p>\n

    \u00cen plus, tranzac\u021biile \u00een blockchain-ul Bitcoin sunt \u00eenregistrate doar o dat\u0103 la 10 minute. Dup\u0103 ce o \u00eenregistrare apare, este obi\u0219nuit s\u0103 a\u0219tepta\u021bi \u00eenc\u0103 50 de minute pentru fiabilitate, deoarece \u00eenregistr\u0103rile se anuleaz\u0103 regular. \u0218i acum imagina\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 cump\u0103ra\u021bi gum\u0103 de mestecat cu bitcoin. Trebuie doar s\u0103 a\u0219tepta\u021bi o or\u0103 \u00een magazin, nu-i a\u0219a?<\/p>\n

    \u00cen cadrul \u00eentregii lumi, aceasta este amuzant\u0103 deja acum, c\u00e2nd Bitcoin este utilizat de barely un din o mie de oameni de pe P\u0103m\u00e2nt. La o asemenea vitez\u0103 de procesare a tranzac\u021biilor, nu se poate cre\u0219te semnificativ num\u0103rul utilizatorilor activi. Spre compara\u021bie: Visa proceseaz\u0103 mii de tranzac\u021bii pe secund\u0103 \u0219i, dac\u0103 este necesar, \u00ee\u0219i poate extinde capacit\u0103\u021bile cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103, deoarece tehnologiile bancare clasice sunt scalabile.<\/p>\n

    Chiar dac\u0103 banii obi\u0219nui\u021bi ar disp\u0103rea, nu s-ar \u00eent\u00e2mpla evident din cauza c\u0103 sunt \u00eenlocui\u021bi de solu\u021bii blockchain.<\/p>\n

    Mitul 4: Minerii asigur\u0103 securitatea re\u021belei<\/h3>\n

    \nCitat \u21164: \u201e\u00centreprinderile autonome \u00een cloud care opereaz\u0103 pe baza blockchain-ului \u0219i a contractelor inteligente ar putea \u00eencheia contracte electronice cu organiza\u021bii corespunz\u0103toare, de exemplu cu guverne, pentru a se \u00eenregistra singure sub orice jurisdic\u021bie sub care doresc s\u0103 opereze.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Probabil a\u021bi auzit despre mineri, despre fermele de minerit gigantice care se construiesc l\u00e2ng\u0103 centrale electrice. Ce fac ei? Arde electricitatea timp de 10 minute \u00een zadar, \u201eagit\u0103\u201d blocurile, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd devin \u201efrumoase\u201d \u0219i pot fi incluse \u00een blockchain (despre ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 blocuri \u201efrumoase\u201d \u0219i de ce trebuie \u201eagitate\u201d, am discutat \u00een postarea anterioar\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>). Acest lucru este necesar pentru ca rescrierea istoricului financiar s\u0103 dureze la fel de mult ca \u0219i redactarea acestuia (\u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care ave\u021bi aceea\u0219i putere combinat\u0103).<\/p>\n

    Consumul de electricitate este echivalent cu ceea ce consum\u0103 un ora\u0219 de 100.000 de locuitori. Dar ad\u0103uga\u021bi aici \u0219i echipamentele scumpe, care sunt potrivite exclusiv pentru minerit. Principiul mineritului (a\u0219a-numitul proof-of-work) este identic cu no\u021biunea de \u201ea arde resursele umanit\u0103\u021bii\u201d.<\/p>\n

    Optimistii blockchain-ului spun adesea c\u0103 minerii nu fac doar o munc\u0103 inutil\u0103, ci asigur\u0103 stabilitatea \u0219i securitatea re\u021belei Bitcoin. Asta este adev\u0103rat, dar problema este c\u0103 minerii protejeaz\u0103 Bitcoin de al\u021bi mineri<\/i>.<\/p>\n

    Dac\u0103 ar fi fost cu o mie de ori mai pu\u021bini mineri \u0219i s-ar fi consumat de o mie de ori mai pu\u021bin electricitate, Bitcoin ar func\u021biona la fel de bine \u2014 acela\u0219i bloc o dat\u0103 la 10 minute, aceea\u0219i cantitate de tranzac\u021bii, aceea\u0219i vitez\u0103.<\/p>\n

    \u00cen contextul solu\u021biilor blockchain, exist\u0103 riscul de \u201eatac 51%<\/a><\/noindex>Ideea atacului este c\u0103, dac\u0103 cineva controleaz\u0103 mai mult de jum\u0103tate din toat\u0103 puterea de mining, poate scrie \u00een secret o istorie financiar\u0103 alternativ\u0103, \u00een care nu \u0219i-a transferat niciodat\u0103 banii. Apoi, poate ar\u0103ta tuturor versiunea sa \u2014 \u0219i aceasta va deveni realitate. Astfel, el ob\u021bine posibilitatea de a cheltui banii s\u0103i de mai multe ori. Sistemele de plat\u0103 tradi\u021bionale, pe de alt\u0103 parte, nu sunt supuse unui astfel de atac.<\/p>\n

    A\u0219adar, Bitcoin a devenit ostatic al propriei sale ideologii. Minerii \u201e\u00een plus\u201d nu pot \u00eenceta s\u0103 mineze, pentru c\u0103 atunci ar cre\u0219te brusc probabilitatea ca cineva s\u0103 controleze mai mult de jum\u0103tate din puterea r\u0103mas\u0103. C\u00e2t timp miningul este profitabil, re\u021beaua este stabil\u0103, dar dac\u0103 situa\u021bia se schimb\u0103 (de exemplu, din cauza cre\u0219terii pre\u021bului electricit\u0103\u021bii), re\u021beaua poate face fa\u021b\u0103 unor \u201echeltuieli duble\u201d masive.<\/p>\n

    Mitul 5: Blockchain-ul este descentralizat \u0219i, prin urmare, indestructibil<\/h3>\n

    \nCitatul nr. 5: \u201cPentru a deveni o organiza\u021bie complet func\u021bional\u0103, o aplica\u021bie descentralizat\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 con\u021bin\u0103 func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi mai complexe, cum ar fi o constitu\u021bie.\u201d
    \nEste posibil s\u0103 crede\u021bi c\u0103, deoarece blockchain-ul este stocat pe fiecare nod al re\u021belei, serviciile de informa\u021bii nu pot \u00eenchide Bitcoin dac\u0103 doresc, deoarece nu are un server central sau ceva de genul acesta \u2014 nu exist\u0103 pe cineva la care s\u0103 mearg\u0103 pentru a-l \u00eenchide. Dar aceasta este o iluzie.<\/p>\n

    De fapt, to\u021bi minerii \u201eindependen\u021bi\u201d sunt organiza\u021bi \u00een pool-uri (\u00een esen\u021b\u0103, carteluri). Ei trebuie s\u0103 se uneasc\u0103, pentru c\u0103 este mai bine s\u0103 ai un venit stabil, dar mic, dec\u00e2t unul uria\u0219 care vine o dat\u0103 la 1000 de ani.<\/p>\n

    \"\u0218ase
    \nDistribu\u021bia puterii de minare Bitcoin pe pool-uri.     Sursa<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

    Dup\u0103 cum pute\u021bi observa \u00een diagram\u0103, exist\u0103 aproximativ 20 de pooling-uri majore, iar doar 4 dintre ele controleaz\u0103 mai mult de 50% din \u00eentreaga putere. Este suficient s\u0103 ba\u021bi la patru u\u0219i pentru a ob\u021bine acces la patru computere de control, oferindu-\u021bi astfel posibilitatea de a cheltui acelea\u0219i bitcoin-uri de mai multe ori \u00een re\u021beaua Bitcoin. Iar aceast\u0103 oportunitate, dup\u0103 cum \u00een\u021belegi, va devaloriza bitcoin-ul. Aceast\u0103 sarcin\u0103 este complet fezabil\u0103.<\/p>\n

    \"\u0218ase
    \nDistribu\u021bia mineritului pe \u021b\u0103ri.     Sursa<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

    \u00cens\u0103 amenin\u021barea este \u0219i mai real\u0103. Majoritatea pooling-urilor, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu puterea lor de procesare, se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 \u021bar\u0103, ceea ce simplific\u0103 poten\u021bialul de a prelua controlul asupra Bitcoin-ului.<\/p>\n

    Mitul 6: Anonimatul \u0219i transparen\u021ba blockchain-ului sunt lucruri bune.<\/h3>\n

    \nCitat Nr. 6: \u201e\u00cen era blockchain-ului, tradi\u021bionalul \u00abguvern 1.0\u00bb devine \u00eentr-o mare m\u0103sur\u0103 un model \u00eenvechit \u0219i apar oportunit\u0103\u021bi de a trece de la structurile mo\u0219tenite la forme de guvernare mai personalizate.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Blockchain-ul este deschis, toat\u0103 lumea poate vedea tot. A\u0219adar, nu exist\u0103 anonimat \u00een Bitcoin, ci o \u201epseudonimie\u201d. De exemplu, dac\u0103 un infractor cere o r\u0103scump\u0103rare pe un portofel, toat\u0103 lumea \u00een\u021belege c\u0103 portofelul apar\u021bine unui r\u0103uf\u0103c\u0103tor. \u0218i, deoarece oricine poate urm\u0103ri tranzac\u021biile de pe acest portofel, infractorul nu va reu\u0219i s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 bitcoin-urile ob\u021binute cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103, pentru c\u0103 dac\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i dezv\u0103luie identitatea undeva, va fi imediat prins. Aproape pe toate bursele pentru a schimba \u00een bani obi\u0219nui\u021bi este necesar\u0103 identificarea.<\/p>\n

    Prin urmare, infractorii folosesc a\u0219a-numitul \u201emixing\u201d. Mixerul amestec\u0103 banii \u201emurdari\u201d cu o cantitate mare de bani cura\u021bi, astfel \u201espal\u0103\u201d banii. Infractorul pl\u0103te\u0219te o comision mare pentru aceasta \u0219i risc\u0103 mult, deoarece mixerul poate fi fie anonim (\u0219i poate fugi cu banii), fie deja sub controlul cuiva influent (\u0219i poate s\u0103 \u00eei denun\u021be autorit\u0103\u021bilor).<\/p>\n

    Dar s\u0103 l\u0103s\u0103m problemele infractorilor, ce este at\u00e2t de r\u0103u cu pseudonimia pentru utilizatorii cinsti\u021bi? Iat\u0103 un exemplu simplu: trimit mamei c\u00e2\u021biva bitcoin. Dup\u0103 aceea, ea \u0219tie:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. C\u00e2\u021bi bani am \u00een total \u00een orice moment.<\/li>\n
    2. C\u00e2\u021bi \u0219i, mai ales, la ce anume i-am cheltuit de-a lungul timpului. Ce am cump\u0103rat, la ce rulet\u0103 am jucat, ce politician am sus\u021binut \u201eanonim\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \nSau dac\u0103 am returnat unui prieten datoria pentru limonad\u0103, atunci el \u0219tie acum totul despre finan\u021bele mele. Crede\u021bi c\u0103 este o prostie? Dar c\u00e2t de greu ar fi s\u0103 deschidem pentru to\u021bi istoricul financiar al cardului nostru de credit? De fapt, nu doar trecutul, ci \u0219i tot viitorul.<\/p>\n

      Dac\u0103 pentru persoanele fizice acest lucru poate fi oarecum acceptabil (c\u0103ci, cine \u0219tie, poate cineva vrea s\u0103 fie \u00abtransparent\u00bb), pentru companii este mortaliu: to\u021bi partenerii lor, achizi\u021biile, v\u00e2nz\u0103rile, clien\u021bii, volumele facturilor \u0219i, \u00een general, totul \u2014 devine public. Transparen\u021ba financiar\u0103 este, poate, unul dintre cele mai mari dezavantaje ale Bitcoin-ului.<\/p>\n

      Concluzie<\/h3>\n

      \nCitatul nr. 7: \u201cNu este exclus ca tehnologiile blockchain s\u0103 devin\u0103 stratul economic superior al unei lumi organic legate de diverse dispozitive de calcul, printre care \u2013 dispozitivele purtabile de calcul, senzorii \u00abinternetului obiectelor\u00bb.\u201d
      \nAm enumerat \u0219ase pl\u00e2ngeri principale la adresa Bitcoin-ului \u0219i a versiunii de blockchain utilizate de acesta. Te-ai putea \u00eentreba de ce ai aflat despre asta de la mine \u0219i nu mai devreme de la altcineva? Oare nimeni nu vede problemele?<\/p>\n

      Unii sunt orbi, al\u021bii pur \u0219i simplu nu \u00een\u021beleg, cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>, iar al\u021bii v\u0103d totul \u0219i con\u0219tientizeaz\u0103, dar pur \u0219i simplu nu le este convenabil s\u0103 scrie despre asta. G\u00e2ndi\u021bi-v\u0103, mul\u021bi dintre cei care au cump\u0103rat bitcoini vor \u00eencepe s\u0103-i promoveze \u0219i s\u0103-i fac\u0103 publicitate. O astfel de piramid\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> iese. De ce s\u0103 scriem c\u0103 tehnologiile au dezavantaje, dac\u0103 te a\u0219tep\u021bi la cre\u0219terea pre\u021bului?<\/p>\n

      Da, Bitcoin-ul are concuren\u021bi care au \u00eencercat s\u0103 rezolve diferite probleme. \u0218i, de\u0219i unele idei sunt foarte bune, totu\u0219i, funda\u021bia r\u0103m\u00e2ne blockchain-ul. Da, exist\u0103 \u0219i alte aplica\u021bii, non-monetare, ale tehnologiei blockchain, dar dezavantajele cheie ale blockchain-ului r\u0103m\u00e2n \u0219i acolo.<\/p>\n

      Acum, dac\u0103 cineva \u00ee\u021bi spune c\u0103 inven\u021bia blockchain-ului este comparabil\u0103 ca importan\u021b\u0103 cu inven\u021bia Internetului, abordeaz\u0103 acest lucru cu un oarecare scepticism.
      \n
      Sursa:       habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u2014 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u00ab\u041b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043d \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0432, \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0448\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0432\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e. \u0423\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0442\u0435 \u0411\u0438\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439\u043d. \u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0218ase mituri despre blockchain \u0219i Bitcoin, sau De ce nu este o tehnologie at\u00e2t de eficient\u0103 | ProHoster","description":"Autorul articolului este Alexei Malanov, expert \u00een departamentul de dezvoltare a tehnologiilor antivirus de la \u00abLaboratorul Kaspersky\u00bb. 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