{"id":54744,"date":"2020-01-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-02T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/razrabotka-otladochnoj-platy-dlya-k1986ve1qi-avia"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:47","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:47","slug":"razrabotka-otladochnoj-platy-dlya-k1986ve1qi-avia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/razrabotka-otladochnoj-platy-dlya-k1986ve1qi-avia","title":{"rendered":"Dezvoltarea unei pl\u0103ci de testare pentru K1986VE1QI (aviatic)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Dezvoltarea unei pl\u0103ci de testare pentru K1986VE1QI (aviatic)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/6bce6c863938180b4011cda910e962f4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nC\u00e2\u021biva ani \u00een urm\u0103, am f\u0103cut cuno\u0219tin\u021b\u0103 cu microcontrolerele ruse\u0219ti de la compania Milandr. Era anul 2013, c\u00e2nd inginerii discutau intens despre primele rezultate ale programului na\u021bional \"Dezvoltarea bazei de componente electronice \u0219i a radioelectronicii\" pentru anii 2008-2015. La acea vreme, fusese deja lansat controlerul K1986VE9x (nucleu Cortex-M3) \u0219i tocmai se f\u0103cuse cunoscut controlerul 1986VE1T (nucleu Cortex-M1). Acesta din urm\u0103, \u00eentr-un carcas\u0103 din plastic LQFP-144, avea \u00een documenta\u021bie denumirea K1986VE1QI (aeronautic), iar pe microcip era marcat MDR32F1QI. Pe site-ul produc\u0103torului, acesta avea un sufix \"aeronautic\", deoarece dispune de interfe\u021be specifice industriei aeronautice (ARINC 429, MIL_STD_1553).<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Este surprinz\u0103tor, dar la momentul difuz\u0103rii acestor controlere, compania \"Milandr\" preg\u0103tise kituri de dezvoltare \u0219i o bibliotec\u0103 de subprograme pentru lucrul cu perifericele, \"dar f\u0103r\u0103 nicio garan\u021bie suplimentar\u0103 \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 obliga\u021bii privind corectitudinea bibliotecii\". Biblioteca este similar\u0103 cu Standard Peripheral Library de la compania STMicroelectronics. \u00cen general, toate controlerele ARM bazate pe nucleul Cortex-M au multe tr\u0103s\u0103turi comune. Din acest motiv, familiarizarea cu noile controlere ruse\u0219ti s-a desf\u0103\u0219urat rapid. Iar pentru cei care achizi\u021bionaser\u0103 kituri oficiale de dezvoltare, s-a oferit suport tehnic \u00een timpul utiliz\u0103rii.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Dezvoltarea unei pl\u0103ci de testare pentru K1986VE1QI (aviatic)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c3861067bec2719a48bb520fb57890f2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Kit de dezvoltare pentru microcontrolerul 1986\u0412\u04151\u0422, &copy; Milandr<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Cu toate acestea, \u00een timp, au \u00eenceput s\u0103 apar\u0103 \"bolile de copil\" ale noilor cipuri \u0219i biblioteci. Exemplele de testare ale firmware-ului au func\u021bionat f\u0103r\u0103 probleme vizibile, dar la modific\u0103ri semnificative au ap\u0103rut erori \u0219i defec\u021biuni. Prima \"zbur\u0103toare\" \u00een experien\u021ba mea au fost defec\u021biuni inexplicabile \u00een func\u021bionarea controlerului CAN. Dup\u0103 un an, pe controlerul 1986VE1T (aeronautic) de revizie timpurie a ap\u0103rut o problem\u0103 cu modulul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MIL-STD-1553\">MKIO (canal multiplu de schimb de informa\u021bii)<\/a><\/noindex>. \u00cen general, toate reviziile acestor microcontrolere p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een anul 2016 au fost limitat func\u021bionale. Mult timp \u0219i nervi au fost consumate pentru identificarea acestor probleme, confirm\u0103rile pot fi acum g\u0103site \u00een <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ic.milandr.ru\/upload\/iblock\/352\/352a1573c08c406a94b976ed95fe4506.pdf\">listele de erori (Errata)<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>O caracter nepl\u0103cut a fost c\u0103 a trebuit s\u0103 lucr\u0103m \u0219i s\u0103 diagnostic\u0103m erorile nu pe pl\u0103ci de dezvoltare, ci pe pl\u0103ci prototip pentru dispozitive, care erau planificate pentru produc\u021bia industrial\u0103 \u00een serie. \u00cen afar\u0103 de conectorul JTAG, de obicei nu mai exista nimic. A fost dificil \u0219i incomod s\u0103 ne conect\u0103m cu un analizator logic, iar LED-urile \u0219i ecranele nu existau de obicei. Din acest motiv, mi-a venit \u00een minte ideea de a crea o plac\u0103 de dezvoltare proprie.<\/p>\n<p>Pe de o parte, pe pia\u021b\u0103 existau seturi de dezvoltare de marc\u0103, precum \u0219i pl\u0103ci remarcabile de la compania LDM-Systems din Zelenograd. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, pre\u021burile pentru aceste produse sunt cople\u0219itoare, iar func\u021bionalitatea de baz\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 pl\u0103ci de extensie, nu corespunde a\u0219tept\u0103rilor. O plac\u0103 cu un controler montat \u0219i un conector de tip pin nu m\u0103 intereseaz\u0103. Iar pl\u0103cile mai interesante sunt foarte scumpe.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Dezvoltarea unei pl\u0103ci de testare pentru K1986VE1QI (aviatic)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/2d9bbe972bf897ad96168533155ace8a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Placa de dezvoltare MILANDR LDM-HELPER-K1986BE1QI-FULL, &copy; LDM Systems <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Compania \u00abMilandr\u00bb are o politic\u0103 de pre\u021buri \u0219i marketing aparte. Astfel, exist\u0103 posibilitatea de a ob\u021bine gratuit mostre pentru anumite cipuri, dar acest lucru este disponibil doar persoanelor juridice \u0219i implic\u0103 o curs\u0103 birocratic\u0103. \u00cen general, cipurile din carcas\u0103 metaloceramic\u0103 sunt de aur at\u00e2t \u00een sensul propriu, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een cel figurat. De exemplu, controlerul 1986BE1T cost\u0103 \u00een Moscova \u00eentre 14 \u0219i 24 de mii de ruble. Cipul de memorie static\u0103 1645RU6U cost\u0103 de la 15.000 de ruble. \u0218i aceast\u0103 ordine de pre\u021buri se aplic\u0103 la \u00eentreaga gam\u0103 de produse. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, chiar \u0219i institutele de cercetare cu comenzi de stat economisesc \u0219i se feresc de aceste pre\u021buri. Cipurile din carcas\u0103 de plastic pentru utilizare civil\u0103 sunt semnificativ mai ieftine, dar nu sunt disponibile la furnizorii populari. \u00cen plus, calitatea cipurilor din carcas\u0103 de plastic, dup\u0103 p\u0103rerea mea, este mai slab\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea a \u201ecipurilor de aur\u201d. De exemplu, nu am reu\u0219it s\u0103 pornesc controlerul K1986BE1QI la frecven\u021ba de 128 MHz f\u0103r\u0103 a cre\u0219te parametrii de laten\u021b\u0103 flash. \u00centre timp, temperatura acestui controler a crescut la 40-50\u00b0C. \u00cen schimb, controlerul 1986BE1T (\u201ede aur\u201d) s-a pornit la 128 MHz f\u0103r\u0103 set\u0103ri suplimentare \u0219i a r\u0103mas rece. Este \u00eentr-adev\u0103r bun.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Dezvoltarea unei pl\u0103ci de testare pentru K1986VE1QI (aviatic)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/6e1cc067feffd0f7d14f234928c6872a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Cipul \u201ede aur\u201d 1986BE1T, (c) Milandr<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Am avut noroc c\u0103 am reu\u0219it s\u0103 cump\u0103r microcontrolerul \u00eentr-o carcas\u0103 din plastic de la compania LDM Systems, iar toate schemele pl\u0103cilor sunt disponibile public. Problema este c\u0103 pe site, \u00een fotografia controller-ului, apare marcajul care indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 este revizia 4 din 2014, adic\u0103 cu defecte. M-am g\u00e2ndit mult - s\u0103 cump\u0103r sau nu. A\u0219a au trecut c\u00e2\u021biva ani... <\/p>\n<p>G\u00e2ndul de a crea o plac\u0103 de testare nu a disp\u0103rut nic\u0103ieri. Treptat, am formulat toate cerin\u021bele \u0219i m-am g\u00e2ndit cum s\u0103 le a\u0219ez pe o singur\u0103 plac\u0103 pentru a ob\u021bine o variant\u0103 compact\u0103 \u0219i accesibil\u0103. \u00cen paralel, am comandat de la chinezi componentele lips\u0103. Nu m-am gr\u0103bit - totul l-am f\u0103cut pentru mine. Furnizorii chinezi sunt renumi\u021bi pentru nep\u0103sarea lor - a trebuit s\u0103 comand acela\u0219i lucru din locuri diferite pentru a ob\u021bine tot ce aveam nevoie. Mai mult, unele dintre cipurile de memorie s-au dovedit a fi folosite anterior - evident, au fost extrase din aparate defecte. Asta m-a afectat mai t\u00e2rziu.<\/p>\n<p>Achizi\u021bionarea microcontrolerului Milandr K1986BE1QI (aeronautic) nu este o sarcin\u0103 simpl\u0103. \u00cen acelea\u0219i magazin \u201eChip \u0219i Dip\u201d, la sec\u021biunea \u201eProduse la comand\u0103\u201d, am g\u0103sit doar K1986BE92QI la 740 de ruble, dar acesta nu era potrivit pentru mine. Singura op\u021biune era s\u0103 cump\u0103r de la compania LDM-Systems o revizie mai veche la 2000 de ruble. G\u0103sind o alternativ\u0103 nic\u0103ieri altundeva, am decis s\u0103 cump\u0103r ceea ce era disponibil. Spre surprinderea mea pl\u0103cut\u0103, mi-au v\u00e2ndut un controller nou, fabricat \u00een decembrie 2018, revizia 6+ (1820). Iar pe site \u00eenc\u0103 se afi\u0219eaz\u0103 o fotografie veche, iar la momentul redact\u0103rii articolului controllerul nu era disponibil...<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Dezvoltarea unei pl\u0103ci de testare pentru K1986VE1QI (aviatic)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/f905fb0a07862f6a6c0c1f27c340c5a2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Microcontrolerul K1986BE1QI (aeronautic) \u00een ambalaj tehnologic, (c) Foto autor<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Specifica\u021biile tehnice principale ale pl\u0103cii mele de testare <b>MDB1986<\/b> sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> debagger-programator integrat, compatibil cu J-Link \u0219i CMSIS-DAP;<\/li>\n<li> memorie static\u0103 de 4 Mbit (256k x 16, 10 ns);<\/li>\n<li> chip de memorie flash de 64 Mbit, Winbond 25Q64FVSIG;<\/li>\n<li> transceiver pentru interfa\u021ba RS-232 cu liniile RTS \u0219i CTS;<\/li>\n<li> interfe\u021be \u0219i conectori pentru Ethernet, USB, CAN;<\/li>\n<li> controller pentru afi\u0219aj cu 7 segmente MAX7221;<\/li>\n<li> conector pentru interac\u021biune cu MKIO (MIL_STD_1553) \u0219i ARINC429;<\/li>\n<li> fototransistor Everlight PT17-21C;<\/li>\n<li> cinci LED-uri colorate, un buton de resetare \u0219i dou\u0103 butoane personalizate;<\/li>\n<li> alimentare de la portul USB 5 vol\u021bi;<\/li>\n<li> dimensiunile pl\u0103cii de circuit 100 x 80 mm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u00cemi pl\u0103ceau pl\u0103cile din seria STM-Discovery pentru c\u0103 au un programator-debbuger \u00eencorporat \u2013 ST-Link. ST-Link func\u021bioneaz\u0103 doar cu microcontrolerele firmei STMicroelectronics, dar cu c\u00e2\u021biva ani \u00een urm\u0103 a ap\u0103rut posibilitatea de a actualiza firmware-ul ST-Link pentru a ob\u021bine Debugger-ul SEGGER J-Link OB (on-board). Legal, exist\u0103 o restric\u021bie privind utilizarea acestui debugger doar cu pl\u0103cile STMicroelectronics, dar \u00een practic\u0103 poten\u021bialul nu este limitat. Astfel, av\u00e2nd J-Link OB, po\u021bi avea un programator-debbuger \u00eencorporat pe placa de dezvoltare. Voi men\u021biona c\u0103 \u00een produsele \u201eLDM-Systems\u201d este utilizat convertorul CP2102 (Usb2Uart), care poate doar s\u0103 \u00eencarce firmware.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Dezvoltarea unei pl\u0103ci de testare pentru K1986VE1QI (aviatic)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/69b93aeba719b818c3ae8f1fcae45ac2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Microcontrolerele STM32F103C8T6, originale \u0219i nu numai, (c) Foto autor<\/i><\/p>\n<p>A\u0219adar, a fost necesar s\u0103 cump\u0103r un STM32F103C8T6 original, deoarece firmware-urile originale nu vor func\u021biona corect cu clonele. M-am \u00eendoit de aceast\u0103 afirma\u021bie \u0219i am decis s\u0103 \u00eencerc s\u0103 lucrez cu microcontrolerul CS32F103C8T6 al firmei chineze CKS. Nu am avut pl\u00e2ngeri legate de microcontroler, dar firmware-ul oficial ST-Link nu a func\u021bionat. J-Link a func\u021bionat par\u021bial - dispozitivul USB a fost recunoscut, dar programatorul nu \u0219i-a \u00eendeplinit func\u021biile \u0219i a tot avertizat c\u0103 este \u201edefect\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Dezvoltarea unei pl\u0103ci de testare pentru K1986VE1QI (aviatic)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/f2b520deaf681a088b43dd62453ff99c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Eroare la utilizarea debugger-ului pe un microcontroler neoriginal<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Nu m-am oprit aici \u0219i am scris \u00eent\u00e2i firmware-ul pentru a face LED-ul s\u0103 clipeasc\u0103, iar apoi am implementat cererea IDCODE prin protocolul JTAG. Programatorul ST-Link, pe care \u00eel aveam pe placa Discovery, \u0219i programul ST-Link Utility au reu\u0219it s\u0103 \u00eencarce f\u0103r\u0103 probleme CS32F103C8T6. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, m-am convins c\u0103 placa mea func\u021bioneaz\u0103. Spre bucuria mea, microcontrolerul \u021bint\u0103 K1986VE1QI (aeronautic) a livrat cu promptitudine IDCODE-ul s\u0103u pe linia TDO.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Dezvoltarea unei pl\u0103ci de testare pentru K1986VE1QI (aviatic)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/73011a61aa316f779c6b9d27e13d5ea1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Oscilograma liniei de semnal TDO cu r\u0103spunsul IDCODE codificat, (c) Foto autor<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Dezvoltarea unei pl\u0103ci de testare pentru K1986VE1QI (aviatic)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/1a27b40eeb768ece0303d6ae9c4c0861.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>A\u0219a c\u0103 portul SWD s-a dovedit util pentru debuggingul debugger-ului \u00een sine \u0219i pentru verificarea IDCODE-ului<\/i><\/p>\n<p>R\u0103m\u00e2nea varianta cu debugger-ul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/arm-software.github.io\/CMSIS_5\/DAP\/html\/index.html\">CMSIS-DAP (Debug Access Port)<\/a><\/noindex>. A aduna proiectul din surse de la ARM nu este o sarcin\u0103 simpl\u0103, am luat un proiect de la <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/x893\/\" class=\"user_link\">X893<\/a><\/noindex>, \u0219i apoi am \u00eencercat \u0219i DAP42. Din p\u0103cate, Keil uVision s-a blocat \u0219i nu a vrut s\u0103 colaboreze cu ele. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, am \u00eenlocuit chip-ul debugger-ului cu unul original STM32F103C8T6 \u0219i nu am mai revenit la aceast\u0103 problem\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Dezvoltarea unei pl\u0103ci de testare pentru K1986VE1QI (aviatic)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/1663ad2e63a8841e785fd0dd473ad395.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Func\u021bionarea de succes a debugger-ului \u00eencorporat J-Link STLink V2<\/i><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2nd toate componentele cheie ale pl\u0103cii de dezvoltare viitoare au fost disponibile, am deschis Eagle CAD \u0219i am descoperit c\u0103 nu se afl\u0103 \u00een biblioteca de elemente. Nu aveam de ales \u2013 a trebuit s\u0103 le desenez singur. De asemenea, am creat locuri pentru memorie, conectorul HanRun pentru Ethernet, iar pentru rezistori \u0219i condensatori am ad\u0103ugat rame. Fi\u0219ierul proiectului \u0219i biblioteca de componente pot fi g\u0103site <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/makbit\/MDB1986\">pe GitHub-ul meu<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Schema circuitului pl\u0103cii de dezvoltare MDB1986<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Dezvoltarea unei pl\u0103ci de testare pentru K1986VE1QI (aviatic)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/09a1ffed6589405f70ccc60fececbaaf.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Placa este alimentat\u0103 de o surs\u0103 de curent continuu cu tensiunea de 5 vol\u021bi, ob\u021binut\u0103 din portul USB. Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 porturi USB Type-B pe plac\u0103. Unul este pentru programator, iar cel\u0103lalt pentru controlerul K1986BE1QI. Placa poate func\u021biona de la oricare dintre aceste surse sau de la ambele simultan. Regularea simpl\u0103 a sarcinii \u0219i protec\u021bia liniilor de alimentare sunt realizate cu diode Schottky, pe schema D2 \u0219i D3 (SS24). De asemenea, pe schem\u0103 se pot observa siguran\u021bele auto-reparabile F1 \u0219i F2 de 500mA. Liniile de semnal ale portului USB sunt protejate de un ansamblu de diode USBLC6-2SC6. <\/p>\n<p>Schema debugger-ului programator ST-Link este bine cunoscut\u0103, poate fi g\u0103sit\u0103 \u00een documenta\u021bia pl\u0103cilor STM32-Discovery \u0219i alte surse. Pentru programarea ini\u021bial\u0103 a clonei ST-Link\/J-Link-OB\/DAP (la alegere), am scos liniile SWDIO (PA13), SWCLK (PA14), GND. Mul\u021bi folosesc UART pentru programare \u0219i sunt nevoi\u021bi s\u0103 schimbe jumper-urile BOOT. Dar mie \u00eemi este mai convenabil SWD, mai ales c\u0103 acest protocol permite desf\u0103\u0219urarea de debugging.<\/p>\n<p>Aproape toate componentele pl\u0103cii sunt alimentate de 3.3 vol\u021bi, care provin de la regulatorul de tensiune AMS1117-3.3. Pentru a suprima interferen\u021bele electromagnetice \u0219i v\u00e2rfurile de curent, sunt utilizate filtre LC din condensatori \u0219i inductori din seria BLM31PG.<\/p>\n<p>Merit\u0103 men\u021bionat separat despre driverul pentru afi\u0219ajul cu 7 segmente MAX7221. Conform specifica\u021biei, alimentarea recomandat\u0103 este \u00eentre 4 \u0219i 5.5 vol\u021bi, iar nivelul semnalului \u00eenalt (logica 1) este de cel pu\u021bin 3.5V (0.7 x VCC) la alimentarea de 5V. La controlerul K1986BE1QI (avia\u021bie), ie\u0219irea logicii 1 corespunde unei tensiuni \u00eentre 2.8 \u0219i 3.3V. Este evident c\u0103 exist\u0103 o nepotrivire a nivelurilor semnalelor, ceea ce ar putea afecta func\u021bionarea normal\u0103. Am decis s\u0103 alimentez MAX7221 cu 4V \u0219i s\u0103 reduc nivelurile semnalelor la 2.8V (0.7 x 4 = 2.8). Pentru aceasta, am instalat \u00een serie \u00een circuitul de alimentare al driverului un diod D4 (RS1A sau FR103). Astfel, c\u0103derea de tensiune total\u0103 este de 0.9V (diod\u0103 Schottky de 0.3V \u0219i diod\u0103 de 0.6V), \u0219i totul func\u021bioneaz\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Majoritatea porturilor microcontrolerului K1986BE1QI (aeronautic) sunt compatibile cu semnalele de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 5V. De aceea, utilizarea transceiver-ului CAN MCP2551, care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 tot la 5V, nu prezint\u0103 probleme. Ca transceiver RS-232 pe schem\u0103 este indicat circuitul integrat MAX3232, dar eu am folosit de fapt SN65C3232D de la Texas Instruments, deoarece acesta func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la 3.3V \u0219i ofer\u0103 viteze de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1Mbit\/s.<\/p>\n<p>Pe plac\u0103 sunt plasate 4 rezonatori cu cuar\u021b \u2013 unul pentru debugger (8MHz) \u0219i trei pentru microcontrolerul \u021bint\u0103 K1986BE1QI (aeronautic) cu nominaliz\u0103ri de 32.768kHz, 16MHz, 25MHz. Acestea sunt componente necesare, deoarece parametrii generatorului RC \u00eencorporat se afl\u0103 \u00een intervale mari, de la 6 la 10 MHz. Frecven\u021ba de 25MHz este necesar\u0103 pentru func\u021bionarea controller-ului Ethernet \u00eencorporat. Pe site-ul Milandr (posibil din gre\u0219eal\u0103), este indicat c\u0103 \u00een carcasa din plastic Ethernetul lipse\u0219te. Dar ne vom baza pe specifica\u021bii \u0219i fapte.<\/p>\n<p>Un stimulent important pentru crearea propriului placii de dezvoltare a fost posibilitatea de a lucra cu bus-ul extern EBC (controller de bus extern), care este, \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, un port paralel. Microcontrolerul K1986BE1QI (aeronautic) permite conectarea \u0219i lucrul cu chip-uri externe de memorie \u0219i dispozitive periferice, precum ADC, FPGA etc. Capacit\u0103\u021bile bus-ului extern sunt destul de mari \u2013 se pot utiliza memorii SRAM statice de 8 bi\u021bi, 16 bi\u021bi \u0219i 32 bi\u021bi, ROM \u0219i NAND Flash. Pentru citirea\/scrierea de date de 32 de bi\u021bi, controller-ul poate efectua automat 2 opera\u021bii corespunz\u0103toare pentru chip-uri de 16 bi\u021bi, iar pentru 8 bi\u021bi \u2013 4 opera\u021bii. Este evident c\u0103 opera\u021biunea de intrare-ie\u0219ire de 32 de bi\u021bi va fi realizat\u0103 cel mai rapid cu un bus de date de 32 de bi\u021bi. Un dezavantaj poate fi necesitatea ca programul s\u0103 opereze cu date de 32 de bi\u021bi, iar pe plac\u0103 va trebui s\u0103 fie trase 32 de piste.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Dezvoltarea unei pl\u0103ci de testare pentru K1986VE1QI (aviatic)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/121a0a0d85a861a9c1ad02048de7d941.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Chip-uri SRAM statice, SH (ghici care este defect\u0103)<\/i><\/p>\n<p>O solu\u021bie echilibrat\u0103 este utilizarea chip-urilor de memorie de 16 bi\u021bi. Am avut la dispozi\u021bie chip-uri de la Integrated Silicon Solutions Inc. (ISSI IS61LV25616AL, 16 x 256k, 10 ns, 3.3V). Desigur, compania \u201eMilandr\u201d are propriile chip-uri de memorie static\u0103. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ic.milandr.ru\/products\/mikroskhemy_pamyati\/\">seria 1645RU<\/a><\/noindex>, dar sunt prea scumpe \u0219i inaccesibile. Ca alternativ\u0103, exist\u0103 memorii compatibile Samsung K6R4016V1D. Am men\u021bionat anterior c\u0103 cipurile erau folosite, iar exemplarul pe care l-am instalat ini\u021bial a prezentat erori \u0219i valori haotice pe linia de date 15. Au fost necesare c\u00e2teva zile pentru a g\u0103si erorile de hardware, iar satisfac\u021bia a fost cu at\u00e2t mai mare c\u00e2nd am \u00eenlocuit cipul defect cu unul func\u021bional. Oricum, viteza de lucru cu memoria extern\u0103 las\u0103 de dorit. <\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Bus-ul extern \u0219i modul StandAlone<\/b>Microcontrollerul K1986VE1QI (aeronautic) are un mod unic StandAlone, care permite accesul direct din exterior la controlerele Ethernet \u0219i MKIO (MIL_STD_1553) prin bus-ul extern, iar nucleul se afl\u0103 \u00een stare de resetare, adic\u0103 nu este utilizat. Acest mod este convenabil pentru procesoarele \u0219i FPGA-urile care nu au Ethernet \u0219i\/sau MKIO.<br \/>\nSchema de conectare este urm\u0103toarea: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>bus-ul de date MCU(D0-D15) =&gt; SRAM(I\/O0-I\/O15),<\/li>\n<li>bus-ul de adres\u0103 MCU(A1-A18) =&gt; SRAM(A0-A17),<\/li>\n<li>controlul MCU(nWR,nRD,PortC2) =&gt; SRAM (WE,OE,CE),<\/li>\n<li>SRAM(UB,LB) sunt conectate sau trase la mas\u0103 printr-un rezistor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nLinia CE este tras\u0103 la alimentare printr-un rezistor, iar pinurile pentru selec\u021bia byte MCU(BE0-BE3) nu sunt folosite. Sub spoiler, ofer codul de ini\u021bializare a porturilor \u0219i controlerului bus-ului extern.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Ini\u021bializarea porturilor \u0219i a controlerului EBC (controler de bus extern)<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">void SRAM_Init (void)\n{\n\tEBC_InitTypeDef          EBC_InitStruct = { 0 };\n\tEBC_MemRegionInitTypeDef EBC_MemRegionInitStruct = { 0 };\n\tPORT_InitTypeDef         initStruct = { 0 };\n\n\tRST_CLK_PCLKcmd (RST_CLK_PCLK_EBC, ENABLE);\n\n\tPORT_StructInit (&amp;initStruct);\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ DATE PA0..PA15 (D0..D15)                   \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_MODE      = PORT_MODE_DIGITAL;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_PD_SHM    = PORT_PD_SHM_ON;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_SPEED     = PORT_SPEED_FAST;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_MAIN;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = PORT_Pin_All;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTA, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Adres\u0103 PF3-PF15 (A0..A12), A0 - neutilizat. \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_ALTER;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = PORT_Pin_4  | PORT_Pin_5  |\n\t                            PORT_Pin_6  | PORT_Pin_7  |\n\t                            PORT_Pin_8  | PORT_Pin_9  |\n\t                            PORT_Pin_10 | PORT_Pin_11 |\n\t                            PORT_Pin_12 | PORT_Pin_13 |\n\t                            PORT_Pin_14 | PORT_Pin_15;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTF, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Adres\u0103 PD3..PD0 (A13..A16)                \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_OVERRID;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = PORT_Pin_0 | PORT_Pin_1 |\n\t                            PORT_Pin_2 | PORT_Pin_3;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTD, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Adres\u0103 PE3, PE4 (A17, A18)                \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_ALTER;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = PORT_Pin_3 | PORT_Pin_4;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTE, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Control PC0,PC1 (nWE,nOE)                  \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_MAIN;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = PORT_Pin_0 | PORT_Pin_1;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTC, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Control PC2 (nCE)                          \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tinitStruct.PORT_PD        = PORT_PD_DRIVER;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_OE        = PORT_OE_OUT;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_FUNC      = PORT_FUNC_PORT;\n\tinitStruct.PORT_Pin       = MDB_SRAM_CE;\n\tPORT_Init (MDR_PORTC, &amp;initStruct);\t\n\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\t\/\/ Ini\u021bializare controler EBC                   \/\/\n\t\/\/--------------------------------------------\/\/\n\tEBC_DeInit();\n\tEBC_StructInit(&amp;EBC_InitStruct);\n\tEBC_InitStruct.EBC_Mode             = EBC_MODE_RAM;\n\tEBC_InitStruct.EBC_WaitState        = EBC_WAIT_STATE_3HCLK;\n\tEBC_InitStruct.EBC_DataAlignment    = EBC_EBC_DATA_ALIGNMENT_16;\n\tEBC_Init(&amp;EBC_InitStruct);\n\t\n\tEBC_MemRegionStructInit(&amp;EBC_MemRegionInitStruct);\n\tEBC_MemRegionInitStruct.WS_Active   = 2;\n\tEBC_MemRegionInitStruct.WS_Setup    = EBC_WS_SETUP_CYCLE_1HCLK;\n\tEBC_MemRegionInitStruct.WS_Hold     = EBC_WS_HOLD_CYCLE_1HCLK;\n\tEBC_MemRegionInitStruct.Enable_Tune = ENABLE;\n\tEBC_MemRegionInit (&amp;EBC_MemRegionInitStruct, EBC_MEM_REGION_60000000);\n\tEBC_MemRegionCMD(EBC_MEM_REGION_60000000, ENABLE);\n\n\t\/\/ Activa\u021bi RAM (nCE)\n\tPORT_ResetBits (MDR_PORTC, MDB_SRAM_CE);\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nMicrocontrolerul \u00een carcasa LQFP-144 \u0219i memoria \u00een carcasa TSOP-44 au multe pini conecta\u021bi \u0219i ocup\u0103 mult spa\u021biu pe placa de circuit. Av\u00e2nd \u00een spate experien\u021ba de a rezolva probleme de optimizare \u00een domeniul economic, mi-a fost evident c\u0103 aceste cipuri trebuie plasate pe plac\u0103 \u00een primul r\u00e2nd. Am \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u00een diverse surse recenzii laudative despre <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eremex.ru\/products\/delta-design\/topor\/\">CAD TopoR (Router Topologic)<\/a><\/noindex>. Am desc\u0103rcat versiunea demo (trial) \u0219i am reu\u0219it s\u0103 export proiectul meu din Eagle CAD doar dup\u0103 ce am \u0219ters aproape toate componentele. Din p\u0103cate, nici 10 elemente programul TopoR nu mi-a ajutat s\u0103 le plasez pe plac\u0103. La \u00eenceput, toate componentele au fost plasate \u00eentr-un col\u021b, iar apoi aranjate pe margine. Aceast\u0103 variant\u0103 nu m-a mul\u021bumit, a\u0219a c\u0103 am efectuat racordarea pl\u0103cii manual \u00een mediul familiar Eagle CAD.<\/p>\n<p>Un element important al pl\u0103cii de circuit este serigrafia. Pe placa de testare ar trebui s\u0103 existe nu doar etichete pentru componentele electronice, ci \u0219i toate conectorii trebuie s\u0103 fie eticheta\u021bi. Pe partea din spate a pl\u0103cii am plasat tabele-memento cu func\u021biile porturilor controlerului (principal, alternativ, redefinit, efectiv). Am comandat fabricarea pl\u0103cilor de circuit \u00een China, la binecunoscuta companie PCBWay. Nu o s\u0103 laud, pentru c\u0103 calitatea este bun\u0103. Ei pot face mai bine, cu toleran\u021be mai mici, dar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pcbway.com\/HighQualityOrderOnline.aspx\">contra unei sume suplimentare<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Dezvoltarea unei pl\u0103ci de testare pentru K1986VE1QI (aviatic)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cf7b60c6a2361614d18e4949c35ab583.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Pl\u0103cile de circuit fabricate MDB1986, (c) Fotografia autorului<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Am fost nevoit s\u0103 lipesc componentele \u201epe genunchi\u201d cu un fier de lipit de 40 de wa\u021bi \u0219i cu solder POS-61, deoarece lipesc rar, de 1-2 ori pe an, \u0219i pasta de lipit s-a uscat. A trebuit s\u0103 \u00eenlocuiesc \u0219i controllerul chinezesc CS32F103 cu originalul STM32F103, \u0219i apoi s\u0103 schimb \u0219i memoria. \u00cen general, acum sunt complet mul\u021bumit de rezultat, de\u0219i \u00eenc\u0103 nu am verificat func\u021bionarea RS-232 \u0219i CAN.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Dezvoltarea unei pl\u0103ci de testare pentru K1986VE1QI (aviatic)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/a3dc985a943623d5d07fb8e762468963.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Placa de testare MDB1986 \u00een func\u021biune \u2014 lumineaz\u0103 \u0219i se \u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te, (c) Fotografia autorului<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Pe site-ul \u201eMilandra\u201d se pot g\u0103si destul de multe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/edu.milandr.ru\/library\/\">materiale didactice pentru studiul controlerelor<\/a><\/noindex> seria 1986BE9 (nucleu Cortex-M3), dar pentru microcontrolerul K1986BE1QI (aeronautic) nu v\u0103d nimic acolo. Dup\u0103 ce am revizuit materialele publicate, documentele tehnice \u0219i lucr\u0103rile de laborator pentru institu\u021biile de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt superior, m\u0103 bucur c\u0103 se preg\u0103tesc cadre \u00een toat\u0103 \u021bara pentru a lucra cu controlerele ruse\u0219ti. Majoritatea materialelor didactice se concentreaz\u0103 pe lucru cu porturile de intrare-ie\u0219ire, temporizatoarele, ADC, DAC, SPI, UART. Se folosesc diverse medii de dezvoltare IDE (Keil, IAR, CodeMaster). Undeva se programeaz\u0103 folosind registrele CMSIS, iar \u00een alt\u0103 parte se utilizeaz\u0103 MDR Library. Este necesar s\u0103 men\u021bion\u0103m resursa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/startmilandr.ru\/\">Start Milandr<\/a><\/noindex>, care con\u021bine destule articole de la programatori practicieni. \u0218i, desigur, nu trebuie s\u0103 uit\u0103m de <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.milandr.ru\/\">forumul Milandr<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Adunarea Milandr<\/b>Microelektronica \u00een Rusia se dezvolt\u0103, iar \u00een acest proces compania \u201eMilandr\u201d joac\u0103 un rol important. Apar microcontrolere noi \u0219i interesante, de exemplu, 1986BE81T \u0219i \u201eElectrosila\u201d cu interfe\u021be SpaceWire \u0219i M\u041aIO (similar cu 1986BE1 \u0219i, probabil, cu acelea\u0219i probleme) etc. Dar este imposibil pentru studen\u021bi, profesori \u0219i ingineri civili s\u0103 cumpere astfel de microcipuri. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 comunitatea inginerilor nu va putea identifica rapid erorile \u0219i problemele acestui microcip. Mi se pare c\u0103 ar trebui mai \u00eent\u00e2i s\u0103 se lanseze microcipuri \u00een carcase din plastic, s\u0103 fie distribuite tuturor celor interesa\u021bi, iar dup\u0103 testarea (lat. approbatio \u2014 aprobat, recunoscut) de c\u0103tre speciali\u0219ti, s\u0103 se preg\u0103teasc\u0103 o revizie \u00een carcase metaloceramice cu protec\u021bii \u00eempotriva tuturor factorilor d\u0103un\u0103tori. Sper ca \u00een viitorul apropiat to\u021bi s\u0103 ne bucur\u0103m de noile proiecte anun\u021bate la expozi\u021bii.<br \/>\nPlaca de dezvoltare pe care am conceput-o poate fi replicat\u0103, modificat\u0103 \u0219i utilizat\u0103 \u00een procesul didactic de c\u0103tre oricine. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, am creat placa pentru mine, dar a ie\u0219it at\u00e2t de bine \u00eenc\u00e2t <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/makbit\/MDB1986\">am decis s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219esc cu to\u021bii<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>K1986BE1QI (aeronautic) \u2013 este un controler foarte interesant cu interfe\u021be unice, care poate fi utilizat \u00een universit\u0103\u021bi pentru a instrui studen\u021bii. Cred c\u0103, dup\u0103 corectarea erorilor identificate \u00een controler \u0219i trecerea testelor de certificare, controlerul va zbura \u00een sensul literal al cuv\u00e2ntului!<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/482716\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u0440\u043c\u044b \u041c\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b 2013 \u0433\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0424\u0426\u041f \u00ab\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u00bb \u043d\u0430 2008-2015 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b. \u041d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u041a1986\u0412\u04159x (\u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Cortex-M3) \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e-\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 1986\u0412\u04151\u0422 (\u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Cortex-M1). \u041e\u043d \u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0435 LQFP-144 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b \u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/razrabotka-otladochnoj-platy-dlya-k1986ve1qi-avia\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u041a1986\u0412\u04151QI (\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430) | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/razrabotka-otladochnoj-platy-dlya-k1986ve1qi-avia\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-01-02T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-02-18T11:02:47+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Dezvoltarea pl\u0103cii de dezvoltare pentru K1986BE1QI (aeronautic) | ProHoster","description":"C\u00e2teva ani \u00een urm\u0103 m-am familiarizat cu.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/razrabotka-otladochnoj-platy-dlya-k1986ve1qi-avia","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u041a1986\u0412\u04151QI (\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430) | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/razrabotka-otladochnoj-platy-dlya-k1986ve1qi-avia","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-01-02T21:00:00+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-02-18T11:02:47+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"54744","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-24 12:33:19","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 19:58:23","updated":"2026-01-24 12:33:19","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54744","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54744"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54744\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}