{"id":54816,"date":"2020-01-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-04T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/bryus-perens-pokinul-organizatsiyu-osi-iz-za-raznoglasij-kasayushhihsya-litsenzii-cal"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:52","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:52","slug":"bryus-perens-pokinul-organizatsiyu-osi-iz-za-raznoglasij-kasayushhihsya-litsenzii-cal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/bryus-perens-pokinul-organizatsiyu-osi-iz-za-raznoglasij-kasayushhihsya-litsenzii-cal","title":{"rendered":"Bruce Perens a p\u0103r\u0103sit organiza\u021bia OSI din cauza unor ne\u00een\u021belegeri legate de licen\u021ba CAL","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Bruce Perens a anun\u021bat<\/a><\/noindex> cu plecarea sa din organiza\u021bia Open Source Initiative (OSI), care se ocup\u0103 cu verificarea licen\u021belor pentru a se asigura c\u0103 acestea respect\u0103 criteriile Open Source. Bruce este co-fondator al OSI, unul dintre autorii defini\u021biei Open Source, creatorul pachetului BusyBox \u0219i al doilea lider al proiectului Debian (\u00een 1996, l-a \u00eenlocuit pe Ian Murdock). Motivul plec\u0103rii este men\u021bionat ca fiind reticen\u021ba de a se implica \u00een decizia OSI referitoare la includerea CAL<\/a><\/noindex> (Licen\u021ba de Autonomie Criptografic\u0103) printre licen\u021bele deschise.<\/p>\n

Licen\u021ba CAL se refer\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een categoria licen\u021belor copyleft \u0219i a fost dezvoltat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> la cererea proiectului Holochain<\/a><\/noindex> special creat\u0103 pentru o protec\u021bie suplimentar\u0103 a datelor utilizatorului \u00een aplica\u021bii P2P distribuite. Holochain dezvolt\u0103 o platform\u0103 bazat\u0103 pe o succesiune de hash-uri (hashchain) pentru a crea aplica\u021bii distribuite verificate criptografic. <\/p>\n

Licen\u021ba CAL permite utilizarea Holochain sub form\u0103 de software gratuit \u0219i deschis, cu condi\u021bia s\u0103 fie \u00eendeplinite mai multe condi\u021bii. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, codul surs\u0103 al Holochain \u0219i toate lucr\u0103rile derivate trebuie s\u0103 fie livrate sub acelea\u0219i condi\u021bii, inclusiv cele legate de asigurarea confiden\u021bialit\u0103\u021bii cheilor criptografice. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, dreptul la execu\u021bia public\u0103 (public performance) a Holochain, inclusiv utilizarea API-ului Holochain pentru lansarea aplica\u021biilor, este oferit doar cu condi\u021bia men\u021binerii confiden\u021bialit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i autonomiei cheilor criptografice \u00eenchise ale fiec\u0103rui utilizator. <\/p>\n

Licen\u021ba CAL se abate semnificativ de la alte licen\u021be — dac\u0103 serviciul utilizeaz\u0103 software sub aceast\u0103 licen\u021b\u0103, aceasta acoper\u0103 nu doar codul, ci \u0219i datele procesate. Conform licen\u021bei CAL, dac\u0103 confiden\u021bialitatea cheii utilizatorului este compromis\u0103 (de exemplu, cheile sunt stocate pe un server centralizat), atunci \u0219i dreptul de proprietate asupra datelor este afectat \u0219i se pierde controlul asupra propriilor copii ale aplica\u021biei. \u00cen practic\u0103, aceast\u0103 particularitate a licen\u021bei permite manipularea cheilor doar de c\u0103tre utilizatorul final, f\u0103r\u0103 a le stoca pe servere centralizate. <\/p>\n

De exemplu, licen\u021ba CAL nu va permite companiei s\u0103 creeze pe baza Holochain un chat corporativ P2P, \u00een care cheile angaja\u021bilor sunt stocate \u00eentr-un depozit comun controlat de companie, f\u0103r\u0103 a exclude posibilitatea citirii conversa\u021biilor. Astfel, Holochain \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 se asigure c\u0103 orice aplica\u021bie bazat\u0103 pe Holochain este de \u00eencredere \u0219i autonom\u0103. Dac\u0103 aplica\u021bia folose\u0219te sisteme centralizate pentru gestionarea cheilor utilizatorilor, acea aplica\u021bie \u00ee\u0219i pierde dreptul de a func\u021biona cu Holochain.<\/p>\n

Bruce Perens consider\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>, c\u0103 licen\u021ba CAL nu ofer\u0103 libertatea necesar\u0103 \u0219i este orientat\u0103 spre protec\u021bie Holochain<\/a><\/noindex> \u00eempotriva abuzurilor din partea dezvoltatorilor care \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 controleze complet datele utilizatorilor \u00een aplica\u021biile lor. Cerin\u021bele de stocare a cheilor doar pe sistemele utilizatorilor finali, \u00een lumina criteriilor Open Source<\/a><\/noindex> pot fi percepute ca o \u00eenc\u0103lcare a drepturilor anumitor grupuri \u0219i ca o discriminare \u00een func\u021bie de domeniul de aplicare.<\/p>\n

Perens a explicat c\u0103 un aspect important al licen\u021belor deschise este c\u0103 acestea pot fi aplicate f\u0103r\u0103 a implica avoca\u021bi. Utilizatorul poate pur \u0219i simplu s\u0103 instaleze un program furnizat sub o licen\u021b\u0103 deschis\u0103 aprobat\u0103 de OSI, \u0219i dac\u0103 nu face modific\u0103ri \u00een cod \u0219i nu transfer\u0103 programul altcuiva, nu trebuie nici m\u0103car s\u0103 citeasc\u0103 licen\u021ba. La OSI sunt aprobate peste 100 de licen\u021be deschise, toate respect\u00e2nd acest model. \u00cens\u0103 licen\u021ba CAL distruge acest model — dac\u0103 cineva lucreaz\u0103 cu un program sub licen\u021ba CAL \u0219i are utilizatori, acesta are o responsabilitate suplimentar\u0103 de a returna datele acestor utilizatori. <\/p>\n

Prin noua licen\u021b\u0103, Holochain \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 controleze re\u021beaua de aplica\u021bii \u0219i s\u0103 se opun\u0103 faptului c\u0103 dezvoltatorii de clien\u021bi pentru platforma distribuit\u0103 pot s\u0103 legheze utilizatorii de ei, captur\u00e2ndu-le datele. Perens recunoa\u0219te obiectivul nobil de a asigura confiden\u021bialitatea datelor utilizatorilor, dar consider\u0103 inacceptabil faptul c\u0103 pentru a \u00een\u021belege licen\u021ba \u0219i pentru a interac\u021biona cu utilizatorii este necesar\u0103 consultarea unui avocat. Perens a subliniat, de asemenea, problemele cauzate de num\u0103rul \u00een cre\u0219tere al licen\u021belor, abunden\u021ba acestora complic\u00e2nd combinarea aplica\u021biilor sub diferite licen\u021be, \u0219i a men\u021bionat c\u0103 ar putea fi suficiente doar trei licen\u021be — AGPLv3, LGPLv3 \u0219i Apache v2.<\/p>\n

Licen\u021ba CAL a fost dezvoltat\u0103 de cunoscutul avocat Van Lindberg (Van Lindberg<\/a><\/noindex>), specializat \u00een probleme legate de proprietatea intelectual\u0103 \u0219i licen\u021bele software-ului deschis. Potrivit informa\u021biilor<\/a><\/noindex>, ob\u021binute de publica\u021bia The Register, Lindberg a f\u0103cut lobby \u00een privat pentru ca directorii OSI s\u0103 recunoasc\u0103 licen\u021ba CAL ca fiind deschis\u0103, ocolind procesul public de aprobat licen\u021ba.<\/p>\n

Lindberg a r\u0103spuns c\u0103 mul\u021bi oameni \u0219i-au format ini\u021bial o p\u0103rere prejudecat\u0103 despre licen\u021ba CAL \u0219i \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 orice motiv pentru a se opune acesteia. Cuv\u00e2ntul lobby \u00een acest context nu este adecvat, deoarece revizuirea licen\u021bei \u0219i discu\u021biile au avut loc pe forumuri publice, iar \u00eentreb\u0103rile procedurale au fost discutate doar \u00een privat. <\/p>\n

Pamela Chestek, care conduce comitetul de revizuire a licen\u021belor, a subliniat c\u0103 nu este nimic ciudat \u00een comunicarea privat\u0103, deoarece de obicei consiliul de administra\u021bie OSI se consult\u0103 cu p\u0103r\u021bile \u00eenainte de revizuirea licen\u021bei. De asemenea, a avut o conversa\u021bie telefonic\u0103 cu Lindberg, \u00een care a \u00eencercat s\u0103 clarifice care sunt problemele cu licen\u021ba propus\u0103. Este posibil ca aceast\u0103 comunicare s\u0103 fi fost interpretat\u0103 gre\u0219it. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te licen\u021ba CAL, discu\u021bia \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu aceasta nu s-a \u00eencheiat \u0219i opinia final\u0103 nu a fost \u00eenc\u0103 formulat\u0103.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0411\u0440\u044e\u0441 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0441 (Bruce Perens) \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043e \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Open Source Initiative (OSI), \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c Open Source. \u0411\u0440\u044e\u0441 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c OSI, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Open Source, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 BusyBox \u0438 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Debian (\u0432 1996 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u042f\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430). \u0412 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54816","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Bruce Perens a p\u0103r\u0103sit organiza\u021bia OSI din cauza dezacordurilor legate de licen\u021ba CAL | ProHoster","description":"Bruce Perens a anun\u021bat ie\u0219irea din organiza\u021bia 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