{"id":55018,"date":"2020-01-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:05","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:05","slug":"linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux","title":{"rendered":"Linus Torvalds a explicat care sunt problemele implement\u0103rii ZFS pentru kernelul Linux","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen cadrul discu\u021biei testelor<\/a><\/noindex> planificatorului de sarcini, unul dintre participan\u021bii la discu\u021bie a adus un exemplu c\u0103, \u00een ciuda declara\u021biilor privind necesitatea p\u0103str\u0103rii compatibilit\u0103\u021bii \u00een timpul dezvolt\u0103rii nucleului Linux, modific\u0103rile recente \u00een nucleu au dus la \u00eenc\u0103lcarea func\u021bion\u0103rii corecte a modulului «ZFS pe Linux<\/a><\/noindex>«. Linus Torvalds a r\u0103spuns<\/a><\/noindex>, c\u0103 principiul «nu rupe<\/a><\/noindex> utilizatorii<\/a><\/noindex>» se refer\u0103 la p\u0103strarea interfe\u021belor externe ale nucleului, utilizate de aplica\u021biile din spa\u021biul utilizatorului, precum \u0219i a nucleului \u00een sine. Dar nu acoper\u0103 straturile externe dezvoltate separat peste nucleu, care nu sunt incluse \u00een compunerea principal\u0103 a nucleului, iar autorii acestora trebuie s\u0103 urm\u0103reasc\u0103 modific\u0103rile din nucleu pe propria r\u0103spundere.<\/p>\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te proiectul «ZFS on Linux», Linus nu a recomandat utilizarea modulului zfs din cauza incompatibilit\u0103\u021bii \u00eentre licen\u021bele CDDL \u0219i GPLv2. Situa\u021bia este c\u0103, din cauza politicii de licen\u021biere a companiei Oracle, \u0219ansele ca ZFS s\u0103 poat\u0103 intra vreodat\u0103 \u00een compunerea principal\u0103 a nucleului sunt foarte mici. Solu\u021biile propuse pentru a evita incompatibilitatea licen\u021belor, care transpun accesul la func\u021biile nucleului pentru codul extern, sunt o solu\u021bie discutabil\u0103 \u2014 avoca\u021bii continu\u0103 s\u0103 dispute<\/a><\/noindex> dac\u0103 reexportarea func\u021biilor GPL ale nucleului prin intermediul wrapper-elor duce la crearea unei lucr\u0103ri derivate, care trebuie livrat\u0103 sub licen\u021ba GPL.<\/p>\n

Singura op\u021biune \u00een care Linus ar accepta s\u0103 integreze codul ZFS \u00een nucleul principal ar fi ob\u021binerea de la compania Oracle a unei permisiuni oficiale, validat\u0103 de avocatul \u0219ef, sau mai bine, de \u00eensu\u0219i Larry Ellison. Solu\u021biile intermediare, precum straturile \u00eentre nucleu \u0219i codul ZFS, sunt inacceptabile, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere politica agresiv\u0103 a Oracle cu privire la proprietatea intelectual\u0103 referitoare la interfe\u021bele de programare (de exemplu, litigiu<\/a><\/noindex> cu Google \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu Java API). \u00cen plus, Linus consider\u0103 c\u0103 tendin\u021ba de a utiliza ZFS este doar o fashion\u0103, nu o real\u0103 avantaj tehnic. Testele de performan\u021b\u0103 pe care le-a analizat Linus nu sus\u021bin ZFS, iar lipsa unui suport complet nu garanteaz\u0103 stabilitatea pe termen lung.<\/p>\n

S\u0103 ne amintim c\u0103 codul ZFS este distribuit sub licen\u021ba liber\u0103 CDDL, care este incompatibil\u0103 cu GPLv2, ceea ce \u00eempiedic\u0103 integrarea ZFS on Linux \u00een ramura principal\u0103 a nucleului Linux, deoarece amestecarea codului sub licen\u021bele GPLv2 \u0219i CDDL este inacceptabil\u0103. Pentru a evita aceast\u0103 incompatibilitate de licen\u021b\u0103, proiectul «ZFS on Linux» a decis s\u0103 distribuie produsul integral sub licen\u021ba CDDL ca un modul desc\u0103rcabil separat, care este furnizat separat de nucleu. <\/p>\n

Posibilitatea de a distribui modulul ZFS \u00een cadrul distribu\u021biilor st\u00e2rne\u0219te controverse \u00eentre juri\u0219ti. Juri\u0219tii organiza\u021biei Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) consider\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>, sus\u021bin c\u0103 livrarea unui modul binar \u00een distribu\u021bie formeaz\u0103 un produs combinat cu GPL, cu cerin\u021ba de a distribui lucrarea final\u0103 sub GPL. Juri\u0219tii companiei Canonical nu sunt de acord<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i afirm\u0103 c\u0103 livrarea modulului zfs este permis\u0103, dac\u0103 componenta este livrat\u0103 sub form\u0103 de modul autonom, separat de pachetul cu nucleul. Canonical observ\u0103 c\u0103 distribu\u021biile folosesc de mult timp o abordare similar\u0103 pentru livrarea driverelor proprietare, cum ar fi driverele NVIDIA. <\/p>\n

Cealalt\u0103 parte argumenteaz\u0103 c\u0103 problema compatibilit\u0103\u021bii cu nucleul \u00een driver-urile proprietare este rezolvat\u0103 prin livrarea unei mici interfe\u021be, distribuite sub licen\u021ba GPL (\u00een nucleu este \u00eenc\u0103rcat un modul sub licen\u021ba GPL, care deja \u00eencarc\u0103 componentele proprietare). Pentru ZFS, o astfel de interfa\u021b\u0103 poate fi preg\u0103tit\u0103 doar \u00een cazul \u00een care se ofer\u0103 excep\u021bii de licen\u021b\u0103 din partea companiei Oracle. \u00cen Oracle Linux, incompatibilitatea cu GPL este rezolvat\u0103 prin oferirea de c\u0103tre Oracle a unei excep\u021bii de licen\u021b\u0103, care elimin\u0103 cerin\u021ba de licen\u021biere a lucr\u0103rii combinate sub CDDL, dar aceast\u0103 excep\u021bie nu se aplic\u0103 pentru alte distribu\u021bii. <\/p>\n

Ocolirea este livrarea \u00een distribu\u021bie doar a codului surs\u0103 al modulului, care nu duce la legare \u0219i este considerat\u0103 livrarea a dou\u0103 produse separate. \u00cen Debian, este utilizat sistemul DKMS (Dynamic Kernel Module Support), prin care modulul este livrat sub form\u0103 de cod surs\u0103 \u0219i este compilat pe sistemul utilizatorului, imediat dup\u0103 instalarea pachetului.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f «ZFS on Linux«. \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f «\u043d\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439» \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 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