{"id":55235,"date":"2020-01-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-15T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/pol-grem-moi-kumiry"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:20","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:20","slug":"pol-grem-moi-kumiry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/pol-grem-moi-kumiry","title":{"rendered":"Paul Graham: idolii mei","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Am c\u00e2teva teme \u00een rezerve despre care a\u0219 putea scrie \u0219i scrie. Una dintre ele este \u201eidolii\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Desigur, aceasta nu este o list\u0103 cu cele mai respectate persoane din lume. Cred c\u0103 o astfel de list\u0103 este greu de realizat, chiar \u0219i cu o dorin\u021b\u0103 considerabil\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>De exemplu, Einstein, care nu se afl\u0103 pe lista mea, dar f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103 merit\u0103 un loc printre cele mai respectate persoane. Odat\u0103 am \u00eentrebat o cunoscut\u0103 de-a mea, care studiaz\u0103 fizica, dac\u0103 Einstein a fost \u00eentr-adev\u0103r un geniu, iar ea a r\u0103spuns afirmativ. Atunci, de ce nu se afl\u0103 pe list\u0103? Totul este pentru c\u0103 aici se afl\u0103 oamenii care m-au influen\u021bat, \u0219i nu cei care ar fi putut influen\u021ba, dac\u0103 a\u0219 fi realizat toat\u0103 valoarea lucr\u0103rilor lor. <\/p>\n<p>A trebuit s\u0103 m\u0103 g\u00e2ndesc la cineva \u0219i s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleg dac\u0103 acea persoan\u0103 este eroul meu. G\u00e2ndurile erau variate. De exemplu, Montaigne, creatorul eseului, a fost exclus din lista mea. De ce? Atunci m-am \u00eentrebat ce este necesar pentru a numi o persoan\u0103 erou? Se pare c\u0103 este suficient s\u0103-mi imaginez ce ar fi f\u0103cut acea persoan\u0103 \u00een locul meu \u00eentr-o situa\u021bie dat\u0103. Convine\u021bi, nu este o admira\u021bie deloc. <\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 ce am realizat lista, am observat un fir comun. Fiecare dintre cei de pe list\u0103 avea dou\u0103 tr\u0103s\u0103turi caracteristice: se \u00eengrijeau excesiv de lucr\u0103rile lor, dar \u00een acela\u0219i timp erau extrem de one\u0219ti. Prin onestitate nu \u00een\u021beleg a face tot ce \u00ee\u0219i dore\u0219te publicul. To\u021bi erau, \u00een principiu, provocatori din acest motiv, de\u0219i ascund acest lucru \u00een grade diverse.<\/p>\n<h3>Jack Lambert<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Paul Graham: idolii mei\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/ed63391b68ac3e540b31008b85101899.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nAm crescut \u00een Pittsburgh, \u00een anii '70. Dac\u0103 nu ai fost acolo \u00een acea perioad\u0103, \u00ee\u021bi va fi greu s\u0103-\u021bi imaginezi cum se raporta ora\u0219ul la \u201eSteelers\u201d. Toate \u0219tirile locale erau rele, industria metalurgic\u0103 disp\u0103rea. Dar \u201eSteelers\u201d r\u0103m\u00e2neau cea mai bun\u0103 echip\u0103 de fotbal american, iar \u00eentr-un fel aceasta reflecta caracterul ora\u0219ului nostru. Nu f\u0103ceau minuni, ci pur \u0219i simplu \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendeplineau datoria.<\/p>\n<p>Al\u021bi juc\u0103tori erau mai faimo\u0219i: Terry Bradshaw, Franco Harris, Lynn Swann. Dar ei erau \u00een atac, iar tu acorzi \u00eentotdeauna mai mult\u0103 aten\u021bie acestor juc\u0103tori. Din perspectiva mea, ca expert de 12 ani \u00een fotbalul american, cel mai bun dintre ei a fost Jack Lambert. Era absolut nemilos, de aceea era at\u00e2t de bun. Nu dorea doar s\u0103 joace bine, voia s\u0103 aib\u0103 un joc de excep\u021bie. C\u00e2nd un juc\u0103tor din echipa advers\u0103 avea mingea pe terenul s\u0103u, percepea asta ca pe o insult\u0103 personal\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>Suburbia din Pittsburgh \u00een anii '70 era un loc destul de plictisitor. La \u0219coal\u0103 era monotonie. To\u021bi adul\u021bii se pl\u00e2ngeau la locurile lor de munc\u0103 din mari companii. Tot ceea ce vedeam \u00een media era la fel \u0219i era produs \u00een alte p\u0103r\u021bi. Singura excep\u021bie era Jack Lambert. Nu am mai v\u0103zut pe cineva ca el.<\/p>\n<h3>Kenneth Clark<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Paul Graham: idolii mei\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/b05d5689368e1299d8f264e6673d3ef8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Kenneth Clark este cu siguran\u021b\u0103 unul dintre cei mai buni scriitori de nonfic\u021biune. Cei mai mul\u021bi dintre cei care scriu despre istoria artei nu \u0219tiu nimic despre asta, iar acest lucru este dovedit de o mul\u021bime de detalii. Dar Clark a fost excelent \u00een lucr\u0103rile sale, c\u00e2t se poate de imaginat.<\/p>\n<p>Ce anume \u00eel face at\u00e2t de special? Calitatea ideii. La prima vedere, stilul de exprimare poate p\u0103rea obi\u0219nuit, dar aceasta este o iluzie. Citind \u201eNudul\u201d, este comparabil cu condusul unei Ferrarii: de \u00eendat\u0103 ce te a\u0219ezi, e\u0219ti prins \u00een scaun de viteza mare. P\u00e2n\u0103 te obi\u0219nuie\u0219ti, vei fi aruncat dintr-o parte \u00een alta c\u00e2nd ma\u0219ina ia viraje. Acest om genereaz\u0103 idei at\u00e2t de rapid, \u00eenc\u00e2t nu ai cum s\u0103 le prinzi. Vei termina capitolul cu ochii mari \u0219i un z\u00e2mbet pe fa\u021b\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>Datorit\u0103 ciclului s\u0103u de documentare \u201eCiviliza\u021bia\u201d, Kenneth a fost popular \u00een zilele sale. \u0218i dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 te familiarizezi cu istoria artei, \u201eCiviliza\u021bia\u201d este ceea ce \u00ee\u021bi recomand. Aceast\u0103 lucrare este mult mai bun\u0103 dec\u00e2t cele pe care studen\u021bii sunt nevoi\u021bi s\u0103 le cumpere atunci c\u00e2nd studiaz\u0103 istoria artei. <\/p>\n<h3>Larry Mihalco<\/h3>\n<p>\nFiecare a avut un mentor \u00een copil\u0103rie \u00een diferite privin\u021be. Larry Mihalco a fost mentorul meu. Privind \u00eenapoi, am observat o anumit\u0103 tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 \u00eentre clasele a treia \u0219i a patra. Dup\u0103 ce l-am cunoscut pe domnul Mihalco, totul s-a schimbat. <\/p>\n<p>De ce a\u0219a? \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, era curios. Desigur, mul\u021bi dintre profesorii mei erau destul de bine educa\u021bi, dar nu erau curio\u0219i. Larry nu se \u00eencadra \u00een tiparul profesorului \u0219colar, \u0219i b\u0103nuiesc c\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i d\u0103dea seama de asta. Poate c\u0103 era greu pentru el, dar nou\u0103, studen\u021bilor, ne aducea bucurie. Lec\u021biile sale erau o c\u0103l\u0103torie \u00eentr-o alt\u0103 lume. A\u0219a c\u0103 \u00eemi pl\u0103cea s\u0103 vin la \u0219coal\u0103 \u00een fiecare zi.<\/p>\n<p>Altceva ce \u00eel deosebea era dragostea pentru noi. Copiii nu mint niciodat\u0103. Al\u021bi profesori erau indiferen\u021bi fa\u021b\u0103 de studen\u021bi, pe c\u00e2nd domnul Mihalco dorea s\u0103 devin\u0103 prietenul nostru. \u00centr-una dintre ultimele zile ale clasei a IV-a, ne-a pus un disc cu James Taylor, unde c\u00e2nta \u201eAi un prieten\u201d. Doar cheam\u0103-m\u0103 \u0219i, oriunde a\u0219 fi, voi veni. A murit la 59 de ani din cauza cancerului pulmonar. Singura dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd am pl\u00e2ns a fost la \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntarea lui. <\/p>\n<h3>Leonardo<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Paul Graham: idolii mei\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/3839673f1039a27f8ade2412925b10b4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Recent am realizat ce nu \u00een\u021belegeam \u00een copil\u0103rie: tot ce e mai bun pe care reu\u0219im s\u0103-l facem \u2014 facem pentru noi \u00een\u0219ine, nu pentru al\u021bii. Vedem picturi \u00een muzee \u0219i credem c\u0103 au fost create exclusiv pentru noi. Majoritatea acestor lucr\u0103ri sunt menite s\u0103 arate lumea, nu s\u0103 satisfac\u0103 oamenii. Aceste descoperiri sunt uneori mai pl\u0103cute dec\u00e2t lucrurile create pentru satisfac\u021bie.<\/p>\n<p>Leonardo a fost versatil. Una dintre cele mai admirate calit\u0103\u021bi ale sale: a realizat at\u00e2t de multe lucruri minunate. Ast\u0103zi, oamenii \u00eel cunosc doar ca pe un mare artist \u0219i inventator de aparate de zbor. Din asta s-ar putea deduce c\u0103 Leonardo era un vis\u0103tor care a dat la o parte toate conceptele vehiculelor. De fapt, a realizat o mare cantitate de descoperiri tehnice. A\u0219adar, se poate spune c\u0103 a fost nu doar un mare artist, ci \u0219i un inginer excelent. <\/p>\n<p>Pentru mine, totu\u0219i, picturile sale joac\u0103 rolul principal. \u00cen ele, el \u00eencerca s\u0103 studieze lumea, nu s\u0103 arate frumuse\u021bea. \u0218i totu\u0219i, picturile lui Leonardo se afl\u0103 al\u0103turi de cele ale arti\u0219tilor de nivel mondial. Nimeni, nici \u00eenainte, nici dup\u0103 el, nu a fost at\u00e2t de bun \u00een momentele c\u00e2nd nimeni nu se uita (No one else, before or since, was that good when no one was looking).<\/p>\n<h3>Robert Morris<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Paul Graham: idolii mei\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/f8b18979a4a8082e7f96f832727f88f6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Roberta Morris a fost \u00eentotdeauna caracterizat\u0103 prin corectitudinea sa \u00een tot. Pare c\u0103 pentru asta trebuie s\u0103 fii omniscient, dar de fapt este incredibil de u\u0219or. Nu spune nimic dac\u0103 nu e\u0219ti sigur de asta. Dac\u0103 nu e\u0219ti omniscient, pur \u0219i simplu nu vorbi prea mult.<\/p>\n<p>Mai exact, trucul const\u0103 \u00een a acorda aten\u021bie la ceea ce vrei s\u0103 spui. Folosind acest truc, Robert, c\u00e2t \u0219tiu eu, a gre\u0219it doar o dat\u0103, c\u00e2nd era student. C\u00e2nd a ap\u0103rut Mac-ul, a spus c\u0103 computerele de mas\u0103 mici nu vor fi niciodat\u0103 potrivite pentru hackingul adev\u0103rat.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest caz, nu se nume\u0219te truc. Dac\u0103 ar fi con\u0219tient c\u0103 acesta este un truc, cu siguran\u021b\u0103 s-ar fi b\u00e2lb\u00e2it \u00een momentul de emo\u021bie. Robert are aceast\u0103 calitate \u00een s\u00e2nge. Este la fel de incredibil de onest. Nu este doar c\u0103 are \u00eentotdeauna dreptate, ci \u0219tie \u0219i c\u0103 are dreptate.<\/p>\n<p>Probabil v-a\u021bi g\u00e2ndit c\u00e2t de bine ar fi s\u0103 nu gre\u0219e\u0219ti niciodat\u0103, iar to\u021bi au f\u0103cut asta. Este prea greu s\u0103 acorzi la fel de mult\u0103 aten\u021bie gre\u0219elilor \u00een idei c\u00e2t \u0219i ideii \u00een ansamblu. Dar \u00een practic\u0103, nimeni nu face acest lucru. \u0218tiu c\u00e2t de greu este. Dup\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2lnirea cu Robert, am \u00eencercat s\u0103 folosesc acest principiu \u00een software, el p\u0103rea s\u0103-l utilizeze \u00een hardware. <\/p>\n<h3>P. G. Wodehouse <\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Paul Graham: idolii mei\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/2dbaa4d1d383cf1c5622457b58f81bdd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen sf\u00e2r\u0219it, oamenii au realizat importan\u021ba scriitorului Wodehouse. Dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 fii acceptat ast\u0103zi ca scriitor, trebuie s\u0103 fii educat. Dac\u0103 crea\u021bia ta a ob\u021binut recunoa\u0219tere public\u0103 \u0219i este amuzant\u0103, atunci te expui la suspiciune. Acesta este ceea ce face lucr\u0103rile lui Wodehouse at\u00e2t de captivante \u2014 a scris ceea ce a vrut \u0219i a \u00een\u021beles c\u0103 contemporanii s\u0103i \u00eel vor privi cu dispre\u021b pentru asta. <\/p>\n<p>Evelyn Waugh l-a recunoscut ca fiind cel mai bun, dar \u00een acele vremuri oamenii numeau asta un gest prea cavalerescul, chiar gre\u0219it. Atunci, orice roman autobiografic ale unui absolvent recent de colegiu putea spera la un respect mai mare din partea institu\u021biilor literare.<\/p>\n<p>Wodehouse a \u00eenceput, poate, cu atomi simpli, dar modul \u00een care i-a combinat \u00een molecule a fost aproape impecabil. Ritmul s\u0103u \u00een mod special. M\u0103 face s\u0103 scriu despre asta cu sfial\u0103. Pot s\u0103 m\u0103 g\u00e2ndesc doar la al\u021bi doi scriitori care s-au apropiat de el ca stil: Evelyn Waugh \u0219i Nancy Mitford. Ace\u0219ti trei au folosit limba englez\u0103 ca \u0219i cum ar fi fost a lor.<\/p>\n<p>Dar Wodehouse nu avea nimic. Nu se ru\u0219ina de asta. Evelyn Waugh \u0219i Nancy Mitford erau preocupa\u021bi de ce credeau ceilal\u021bi despre ei: el voia s\u0103 par\u0103 aristocratic; ea se temea c\u0103 nu este suficient de inteligent\u0103. Dar lui Wodehouse nu-i p\u0103sa de ce credeau al\u021bii despre el. A scris exact ceea ce a vrut.<\/p>\n<h3>Alexandru Calder<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Paul Graham: idolii mei\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/f00c5618100ff60d706a66dc36611408.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Calder a ajuns pe aceast\u0103 list\u0103 pentru c\u0103 m\u0103 face fericit. Pot lucr\u0103rile sale s\u0103 concureze cu cele ale lui Leonardo? Probabil c\u0103 nu. La fel cum probabil nimic din secolul XX nu poate concura. Dar tot ce este bun \u00een Modernism se reg\u0103se\u0219te la Calder, \u0219i creeaz\u0103 cu o u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 caracteristic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"A5J6Qb11UHE\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/A5J6Qb11UHE\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Reda\u021bi video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Ce este bine \u00een Modernism este noul \u0219i prospe\u021bimea sa. Arta secolului XIX a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se sufoc.<br \/>\nPicturile populare la acea vreme erau \u00een principal echivalentele artistice ale conacelor \u2014 mari, preten\u021bioase \u0219i false. Modernismul a \u00eensemnat c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 o lu\u0103m de la cap\u0103t, s\u0103 cre\u0103m lucruri cu motive la fel de serioase ca cele pe care le au copiii. Arti\u0219tii care au profitat cel mai bine de acest lucru au fost cei care au p\u0103strat \u00een interiorul lor \u00eencrederea copil\u0103reasc\u0103, precum Klee \u0219i Calder.<\/p>\n<p>Klee era impun\u0103tor deoarece putea lucra \u00een stiluri foarte diferite. Dar dintre ei doi, \u00eemi place mai mult Calder, deoarece lucr\u0103rile lui par mai vesele. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, sensul artei este de a atrage privitorul. Este greu de prezis ce va pl\u0103cea cuiva; adesea, ceea ce pare interesant la \u00eenceput devine plictisitor dup\u0103 o lun\u0103. Sculpturile lui Calder nu devin niciodat\u0103 plictisitoare. Ele stau acolo lini\u0219tit, eman\u00e2nd optimism ca o baterie care nu se va desc\u0103rca niciodat\u0103. Din c\u00e2te pot judeca din c\u0103r\u021bi \u0219i fotografii, fericirea din lucr\u0103rile lui Calder este un reflex al propriei sale fericiri. <\/p>\n<h3>Jane Austen <\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Paul Graham: idolii mei\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/86265050f6ea37045b49afa3c8d7f19e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Toat\u0103 lumea se minuneaz\u0103 de Jane Austen. Ad\u0103uga\u021bi numele meu pe aceast\u0103 list\u0103. Mi se pare c\u0103 ea este cea mai bun\u0103 scriitoare din toate timpurile. Sunt curios cum e situa\u021bia. C\u00e2nd citesc majoritatea romanelor, acord aceea\u0219i aten\u021bie alegerilor autorului c\u00e2t \u0219i pove\u0219tii propriu-zise. \u00cens\u0103 \u00een romanele ei nu pot observa mecanismele \u00een ac\u021biune. De\u0219i \u00eemi st\u00e2rne\u0219te curiozitatea cum face ceea ce face, nu pot \u00een\u021belege asta, deoarece scrie at\u00e2t de bine \u00eenc\u00e2t pove\u0219tile ei nu par inventate. M\u0103 simt de parc\u0103 a\u0219 citi o descriere a ceea ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu adev\u0103rat. C\u00e2nd eram mai t\u00e2n\u0103r, citeam foarte multe romane. Majoritatea nu le mai pot citi acum, deoarece nu con\u021bin suficiente informa\u021bii. Romanele par at\u00e2t de s\u0103race \u00een compara\u021bie cu istoria \u0219i biografia. Dar a citi Austen este ca \u0219i cum ai citi literatur\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103. Scrie at\u00e2t de bine \u00eenc\u00e2t nici m\u0103car nu \u00ee\u021bi dai seama de asta. <\/p>\n<h3>John McCarthy<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Paul Graham: idolii mei\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/16368b616edd0463be887cb1eac65be4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>John McCarthy a inventat Lisp, domeniul (sau cel pu\u021bin termenul) inteligen\u021bei artificiale \u0219i a fost unul dintre primii membri ai celor mai bune departamente de informatic\u0103 de la Massachusetts Institute of Technology \u0219i Stanford. Nimeni nu poate contesta c\u0103 este unul dintre marii, dar pentru mine este special datorit\u0103 Lisp.<\/p>\n<p>Ne este acum greu s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem ce salt conceptual a avut loc atunci. Paradoxal, unul dintre motivele pentru care este at\u00e2t de greu s\u0103 apreciem realizarea sa este c\u0103 a fost at\u00e2t de de succes. Practic, fiecare limbaj de programare inventat \u00een ultimii 20 de ani include idei din Lisp, iar cu fiecare an, limbajul mediu de programare devine din ce \u00een ce mai asem\u0103n\u0103tor cu Lisp. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen 1958, aceste idei nu erau deloc evidente. \u00cen 1958, programarea era g\u00e2ndit\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 chei. Unii oameni o considerau ca pe o matematic\u0103 \u0219i demonstrat tot ce este legat de ma\u0219ina Turing. Al\u021bii percepeau limbajul de programare ca pe un mod de a face ceva \u0219i dezvoltau limbaje influen\u021bate prea tare de tehnica vremii. Numai McCarthy a dep\u0103\u0219it divergen\u021ba de opinii. A dezvoltat un limbaj care era matematic\u0103. Dar cuv\u00e2ntul dezvoltat nu este tocmai corect; mai bine zis, a descoperit.<\/p>\n<h3>Spitfire<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Paul Graham: idolii mei\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/0658a185e76b3ffa369700dc3170f10a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2nd am scris aceast\u0103 list\u0103, m-am surprins g\u00e2ndindu-m\u0103 la oameni precum Douglas Bader, Reginald Joseph Mitchell \u0219i Jeffrey Quill, \u0219i am realizat c\u0103, de\u0219i to\u021bi au realizat multe lucruri \u00een via\u021ba lor, a existat un singur factor, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 celelalte, care i-a legat: Spitfire.<br \/>\nAceasta ar trebui s\u0103 fie o list\u0103 de eroi. Cum ar putea s\u0103 existe o ma\u0219in\u0103 \u00een ea? Pentru c\u0103 aceast\u0103 ma\u0219in\u0103 nu a fost doar o ma\u0219in\u0103. A fost o prism\u0103 a eroiilor. O devotament extraordinar intra \u00een ea, iar o bravur\u0103 extraordinar\u0103 ie\u0219ea din ea. <\/p>\n<p>Se spune c\u0103 Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial a fost o lupt\u0103 \u00eentre bine \u0219i r\u0103u, dar \u00een mijlocul b\u0103t\u0103liei a\u0219a a fost. R\u0103zbunarea original\u0103 a Spitfire-ului, ME 109, un avion dur \u0219i practic. A fost o ma\u0219in\u0103 uciga\u0219\u0103. Spitfire a fost \u00eentruchiparea optimismului. \u0218i nu doar \u00een aceste versuri frumoase: a fost v\u00e2rful a tot ceea ce putea fi fabricat \u00een principiu. Dar aveam dreptate c\u00e2nd am decis c\u0103 nu poate exista ceva mai presus de asta. Doar \u00een aer frumuse\u021bea are o limit\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3>Steve Jobs<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Paul Graham: idolii mei\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/b2dca6deacc1f87c46549a1c8b145394.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Oamenii care au tr\u0103it \u00een acea perioad\u0103, c\u00e2nd Kennedy a fost ucis, \u00ee\u0219i amintesc de obicei exact unde erau c\u00e2nd au auzit vestea. \u00cemi amintesc exact unde eram, c\u00e2nd o prieten\u0103 m-a \u00eentrebat dac\u0103 am auzit c\u0103 Steve Jobs are cancer. Era ca \u0219i cum p\u0103m\u00e2ntul s-ar fi surpat sub mine. Dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva secunde, mi-a spus c\u0103 era o form\u0103 rar\u0103 \u0219i operabil\u0103 de cancer \u0219i c\u0103 va fi bine. Dar acele secunde p\u0103reau c\u0103 dureaz\u0103 o ve\u0219nicie. <\/p>\n<p>Nu eram sigur dac\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103-l includ pe Jobs \u00een list\u0103. Majoritatea oamenilor de la Apple par s\u0103-l team\u0103, iar asta este un semn prost. Dar el inspir\u0103 admira\u021bie. Nu exist\u0103 cuv\u00e2nt care s\u0103 poat\u0103 descrie cine este Steve Jobs. El nu a creat produsele Apple singur. Analogii istorice cele mai apropiate cu ceea ce f\u0103cea el sunt patronajul \u00een art\u0103 \u00een perioada marelui Rena\u0219tere. Ca director general al companiei, acest lucru \u00eel face unic. Majoritatea liderilor \u00ee\u0219i transfer\u0103 preferin\u021bele subordona\u021bilor. Paradoxul dezvolt\u0103rii este c\u0103, \u00eentr-o m\u0103sur\u0103 mai mare sau mai mic\u0103, alegerea este determinat\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor. Dar Steve Jobs avea gustul s\u0103u - un gust at\u00e2t de bun, \u00eenc\u00e2t le-a ar\u0103tat tuturor c\u0103 gustul \u00eenseamn\u0103 mult mai mult dec\u00e2t cred ei. <\/p>\n<h3>Isaac Newton<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Paul Graham: idolii mei\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/b3039ecba9056cabcc5fa08c7d718803.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Newton are un rol ciudat \u00een panteonul meu de eroi: este cel de care m\u0103 mustru. A lucrat la lucruri semnificative, cel pu\u021bin o parte din via\u021ba sa. Este at\u00e2t de u\u0219or s\u0103 te la\u0219i distras atunci c\u00e2nd lucrezi la detalii. \u00centreb\u0103rile la care r\u0103spunzi sunt bine cunoscute tuturor. Ob\u021bii recompense imediate \u2014 \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, prime\u0219ti mai multe recompense \u00een timpul t\u0103u, dac\u0103 lucrezi la \u00eentreb\u0103ri de cea mai mare importan\u021b\u0103. Dar m\u0103 deranjeaz\u0103 s\u0103 con\u0219tientizez c\u0103 acesta este drumul spre anonimatul meritocratic. Pentru a face cu adev\u0103rat lucruri m\u0103re\u021be, trebuie s\u0103 cau\u021bi \u00eentreb\u0103ri pe care oamenii nici m\u0103car nu le considerau \u00eentreb\u0103ri. Probabil c\u0103 \u00een acea vreme erau \u0219i al\u021bi oameni care se ocupau de asta, ca \u0219i Newton, dar Newton este modelul meu pentru un astfel de mod de g\u00e2ndire. \u00cencep s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleg cum a fost pentru el. Ai o singur\u0103 via\u021b\u0103. De ce s\u0103 nu faci ceva grandios? Expresia \u201eschimbare de paradigm\u0103\u201d este acum uzat\u0103, dar Kuhn \u00een\u021belegea ceva. \u0218i \u00een spatele acesteia se afl\u0103 o zid\u0103rie mai mare, acum separat\u0103 de noi printr-un zid de lene \u0219i prostie, care ne va p\u0103rea cur\u00e2nd foarte sub\u021bire. Dac\u0103 lucr\u0103m ca Newton. <\/p>\n<p>Mul\u021bumesc lui Trevor Blackwell, Jessica Livingston \u0219i Jackie McDonough pentru c\u0103 au citit schi\u021bele acestui articol.<\/p>\n<p>Par\u021bial, traducerea a fost realizat\u0103 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/translatedby.com\/you\/some-heroes\/into-ru\/trans\/?page=2\">translatedby.com\/you\/some-heroes\/into-ro\/trans\/?page=2<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/philtech\/blog\/341180\/\">Paul Graham. Toate articolele \u00een rom\u00e2n\u0103. Dou\u0103 ani mai t\u00e2rziu<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Despre \u0219coala GoTo<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Paul Graham: idolii mei\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/1810ff7a285dd82cc147a44d182a4532.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>17-30 iunie, 15-28 iulie, 12-25 august <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/goto.msk.ru\/camp_summer\/\">\u0218colile de var\u0103 GoTo \u00een Moscova.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vk.com\/goto_msk\">Grup \u00een VK<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/goto.msk.ru\/about_us\/\">Aboneaz\u0103-te la newsletter<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/goto\/blog\/341230\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0423 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0438\u0440\u044b\u00bb. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0436\u0435, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435. \u042f \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u044e, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u042d\u0439\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - 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