{"id":55326,"date":"2020-01-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/mozhno-li-vzlomat-samolyot"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:26","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:26","slug":"mozhno-li-vzlomat-samolyot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/mozhno-li-vzlomat-samolyot","title":{"rendered":"Se poate hack-ui un avion","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>C\u0103l\u0103torind pentru afaceri sau \u00een vacan\u021b\u0103, te-ai g\u00e2ndit vreodat\u0103 c\u00e2t de sigur este \u00een lumea modern\u0103 a amenin\u021b\u0103rilor digitale? Unele avioane moderne sunt numite computere cu aripi, at\u00e2t de \u00eenalt este nivelul de integrare al tehnologiilor informatice. Cum se protejeaz\u0103 ele \u00eempotriva hack-urilor? Ce pot face pilo\u021bii \u00een aceste situa\u021bii? Ce alte sisteme pot fi amenin\u021bate? Despre asta a vorbit un pilot activ, c\u0103pitan de Boeing 737 cu peste 10.000 de ore de zbor, pe canalul s\u0103u MenTour Pilot.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Se poate hack-ui un avion\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/bec794798e7554b4d334129fa59b8670.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>A\u0219adar, hacking-ul sistemelor de avioane. \u00cen ultimii ani, aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 devine din ce \u00een ce mai relevant\u0103. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce aeronavele devin tot mai computerizate, iar volumul de date schimbate \u00eentre ele \u0219i serviciile terestre cre\u0219te, cre\u0219te \u0219i probabilitatea \u00eencerc\u0103rilor de atac din partea r\u0103uf\u0103c\u0103torilor. Produc\u0103torii de avioane sunt con\u0219tien\u021bi de acest lucru de mult timp, dar anterior aceste informa\u021bii nu ajungeau \u00een mod special la noi, pilo\u021bii. Cu toate acestea, se pare c\u0103 aceste probleme erau totu\u0219i abordate la nivel corporatist.<\/p>\n<h3>Ce mai este nou?..<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u00cenc\u0103 din 2015, Ministerul Securit\u0103\u021bii Interne al SUA a publicat un raport c\u0103 au reu\u0219it s\u0103 hackeze sistemele propriului lor Boeing 757, \u00een timp ce acesta se afla pe sol. Hack-ul a fost realizat folosind instrumente larg disponibile, care pot fi introduse prin controlul de securitate. Penetrarea a fost posibil\u0103 prin sistemul de schimb de radio. Evident, nu au anun\u021bat ce exact sisteme au reu\u0219it s\u0103 hackeze. Practic, nu au dezv\u0103luit nimic, \u00een afar\u0103 de faptul c\u0103 au reu\u0219it s\u0103 acceseze avionul. <\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, \u00een 2017 a existat un raport din partea hacker-ului independent Ruben Santamarta. El a declarat c\u0103, construind un mic transceiver \u0219i amplas\u00e2nd o anten\u0103 \u00een curte, a reu\u0219it s\u0103 p\u0103trund\u0103 \u00een sistemele de divertisment ale avioanelor care zburau deasupra lui.<\/p>\n<p>Toate acestea ne duc la concluzia c\u0103 exist\u0103 totu\u0219i un anumit nivel de pericol. Deci, la ce pot avea acces hackerii \u0219i la ce nu? Pentru a \u00een\u021belege acest lucru, s\u0103 analiz\u0103m mai \u00eent\u00e2i modul \u00een care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 sistemele informatice ale unui avion. Primul lucru de men\u021bionat este c\u0103 cele mai moderne avioane sunt, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, cele mai informatizate. Computerele de bord efectueaz\u0103 aproape toate opera\u021biunile, de la pozi\u021bionarea suprafe\u021belor de control (rute, flapsuri, sloturi...) p\u00e2n\u0103 la trimiterea informa\u021biilor de zbor. <\/p>\n<p>Dar trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem c\u0103 produc\u0103torii de avioane \u0219tiu foarte bine de aceast\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 structural\u0103 a ma\u0219inilor moderne, a\u0219a c\u0103 au integrat securitatea cibernetic\u0103 \u00een designul lor. Prin urmare, sistemele la care ave\u021bi acces pe sp\u0103tarul scaunului din fa\u021b\u0103 \u0219i sistemele care controleaz\u0103 zborul sunt complet separate. Ele sunt dispersate fizic \u00een spa\u021biu, separate infrastructural, folosesc sisteme diferite, limbaje de programare diferite \u2014 \u00een general, cu adev\u0103rat complet. Acest lucru se face pentru a nu l\u0103sa nicio posibilitate de acces la sistemele de control prin sistemul de divertisment de bord. A\u0219adar, \u00een avioanele moderne, acest lucru nu poate deveni o problem\u0103. Boeing, Airbus, Embraer sunt pe deplin con\u0219tien\u021bi de aceast\u0103 amenin\u021bare \u0219i lucreaz\u0103 continuu pentru a fi cu un pas \u00eenaintea hackerilor.<\/p>\n<p><i>Not\u0103 a traduc\u0103torului: au existat rapoarte c\u0103 dezvoltatorii Boeing 787 \u0219i-au dorit s\u0103 combine aceste sisteme fizice \u0219i s\u0103 fac\u0103 o separare virtual\u0103 a re\u021belelor. Acest lucru ar fi permis economisirea greut\u0103\u021bii (serverele de bord) \u0219i reducerea num\u0103rului de cabluri. Cu toate acestea, autorit\u0103\u021bile de reglementare au refuzat s\u0103 accepte o astfel de concep\u021bie \u0219i au for\u021bat p\u0103strarea 'tradi\u021biei' separ\u0103rii fizice.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Imagineaz\u0103-\u021bi c\u0103 privim \u00eentreaga gam\u0103 de aeronave. Durata de via\u021b\u0103 a unui avion ajunge la 20-30 de ani. \u0218i dac\u0103 ne uit\u0103m la tehnologiile informatice de acum 20-30 de ani, acestea vor fi complet diferite. E aproape ca \u0219i cum am vedea dinozauri plimb\u00e2ndu-se \u00een jur. A\u0219a c\u0103 avioanele precum 737, pe care zbor, sau Airbus 320, vor avea, desigur, sisteme informatice care nu au fost concepute cu aceea\u0219i aten\u021bie pentru a face fa\u021b\u0103 hackerilor \u0219i atacurilor cibernetice. Dar exist\u0103 \u0219i o parte pozitiv\u0103 \u2014 nu erau at\u00e2t de informatizate \u0219i integrate ca avioanele moderne. Astfel, sistemele instalate pe 737 (nu pot vorbi despre Airbus, deoarece nu sunt familiarizat cu ele) sunt destinate \u00een principal transmiterea datelor de naviga\u021bie. Nu avem <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\">sistem de control electric (Fly-by-wire)<\/a><\/noindex>. Pe avioanele noastre 737, volanul este \u00eenc\u0103 conectat la suprafe\u021bele de control. Deci da, r\u0103uf\u0103c\u0103torii ar putea avea posibilitatea de a influen\u021ba actualizarea datelor sistemelor noastre de naviga\u021bie, de exemplu, dar am observa asta foarte repede. <\/p>\n<p>Control\u0103m avionul nu doar pe baza GPS-ului de bord, ci folosim \u0219i sisteme tradi\u021bionale de naviga\u021bie, verific\u00e2nd constant datele din diverse surse. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 GPS, avem \u0219i faruri radio terestre \u0219i distan\u021bele fa\u021b\u0103 de acestea. Avem la bord un sistem numit IRS. Practic, acestea sunt giroscoape laser care primesc date \u00een timp real \u0219i le compar\u0103 cu GPS. A\u0219a c\u0103, dac\u0103 ceva nu este \u00een regul\u0103 cu unul dintre sistemele vulnerabile la atac, vom observa foarte repede \u0219i ne vom schimba pe un alt sistem.<\/p>\n<h3>Sistemele de bord<\/h3>\n<p>\nCe alte \u021binte poten\u021biale pentru atacuri \u00ee\u021bi vin \u00een minte? Prima \u0219i cea mai evident\u0103 este sistemul de divertisment la bord. \u00cen unele companii aeriene, tocmai prin intermediul acestuia cump\u0103ra\u021bi acces la Wi-Fi, comanda\u021bi alimente etc. De asemenea, Wi-Fi-ul de la bord poate fi o \u021bint\u0103 pentru atacatori, \u00een acest sens put\u00e2nd fi comparat cu orice hotspot public. Probabil c\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi c\u0103, dac\u0103 folosi\u021bi re\u021bele publice f\u0103r\u0103 VPN, exist\u0103 posibilitatea de a v\u0103 ob\u021bine datele personale \u2014 date personale, fotografii, parolele Wi-Fi salvate, precum \u0219i orice alte parole, date ale cardurilor bancare \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe. Un hacker experimentat nu va avea dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een a accesa aceste informa\u021bii. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Se poate hack-ui un avion\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/347a78565a7ef90363898dfe494880a9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u00cens\u0103 sistemul de divertisment \u00eencorporat este diferit \u00een acest sens, deoarece reprezint\u0103 un set independent de componente hardware. \u0218i aceste computere, vreau s\u0103 reamintesc din nou, nu sunt legate \u0219i nu interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een niciun fel cu sistemele de control ale avionului. Totu\u0219i, asta nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 compromiterea sistemului de divertisment nu poate provoca probleme grave. De exemplu, un atacator ar putea trimite poten\u021bial notific\u0103ri tuturor pasagerilor din cabin\u0103, anun\u021b\u00e2nd, de exemplu, c\u0103 controlul avionului a fost preluat. Aceasta ar crea panic\u0103. Sau notific\u0103ri despre probleme ale avionului sau orice alt\u0103 dezinformare. Desigur, aceasta va fi \u0219ocant\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103toare, dar nu va fi \u00een niciun caz periculoas\u0103. Deoarece o astfel de posibilitate exist\u0103 poten\u021bial, produc\u0103torii iau toate m\u0103surile necesare, instal\u00e2nd firewall-uri \u0219i protocoale necesare pentru prevenirea unor astfel de probleme. <\/p>\n<p>Deci, probabil c\u0103 cele mai vulnerabile sunt sistemul de divertisment la bord \u0219i Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi-ul este de obicei furnizat de un operator extern, nu de compania aerian\u0103 \u00eens\u0103\u0219i. \u0218i tocmai acesta se ocup\u0103 de securitatea cibernetic\u0103 a serviciului pe care \u00eel ofer\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Urm\u0103torul lucru care \u00eemi vine \u00een minte sunt tabletele de zbor ale pilo\u021bilor. C\u00e2nd am \u00eenceput s\u0103 zbor, toate manualele noastre erau pe suport de h\u00e2rtie. De exemplu, manualul de operare cu toate regulile, procedurile necesare, ghidul de naviga\u021bie cu traseele din aer \u00een cazul \u00een care le uitam, schemele de naviga\u021bie \u0219i de aterizare \u00een zona de aeroport, h\u0103r\u021bile aeroporturilor - totul era \u00een format tip\u0103rit. \u0218i dac\u0103 ceva se schimba, trebuia s\u0103 g\u0103sim pagina necesar\u0103, s\u0103 o rupem, s\u0103 o \u00eenlocuim cu cea actualizat\u0103, s\u0103 facem o not\u0103 c\u0103 a fost \u00eenlocuit\u0103. \u00cen general, mult\u0103 munc\u0103. A\u0219a c\u0103, c\u00e2nd am \u00eenceput s\u0103 primim tablete de zbor, a fost pur \u0219i simplu minunat. Cu un singur clic, totul putea fi desc\u0103rcat rapid, cu toate ultimele actualiz\u0103ri, oric\u00e2nd. De asemenea, puteam ob\u021bine prognoze meteo, noi planuri de zbor - totul putea fi trimis pe tablet\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Se poate hack-ui un avion\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/108f249d753691084dbfeff9b67af661.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDar. De fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd v\u0103 conecta\u021bi undeva, exist\u0103 poten\u021bialul pentru o intruziune din partea unei ter\u021be p\u0103r\u021bi. Companiile aeriene sunt con\u0219tiente de situa\u021bie, la fel \u0219i autorit\u0103\u021bile de avia\u021bie. De aceea, nu ne este permis s\u0103 facem totul electronic. Trebuie s\u0103 avem planuri de zbor pe suport de h\u00e2rtie (totu\u0219i, aceast\u0103 cerin\u021b\u0103 variaz\u0103 de la o companie aerian\u0103 la alta), de asemenea, trebuie s\u0103 avem o copie de rezerv\u0103 a acestora. \u00cen plus, \u00een niciun caz nu avem voie s\u0103 instal\u0103m nimic \u00een afar\u0103 de aplica\u021biile autorizate \u0219i aprobate de compania aerian\u0103 pe tablet\u0103. Unele companii aeriene folosesc iPad-uri, altele - dispozitive special create pentru acest scop (ambele op\u021biuni au avantaje \u0219i dezavantaje). \u00cen orice caz, totul este strict controlat, iar pilo\u021bii nu au cum s\u0103 intervin\u0103 \u00een func\u021bionarea tabletelor. Asta e prima. A doua - ne este interzis s\u0103 le conect\u0103m la ceva atunci c\u00e2nd suntem \u00een aer. Noi (cel pu\u021bin \u00een compania mea aerian\u0103) nu putem s\u0103 ne conect\u0103m la Wi-Fi-ul de bord dup\u0103 decolare. Nu putem folosi nici m\u0103car GPS-ul \u00eencorporat al iPad-ului. De \u00eendat\u0103 ce \u00eenchidem u\u0219ile, comut\u0103m tabletele \u00een modul de zbor, iar de atunci nu trebuie s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 variante de interven\u021bie \u00een func\u021bionarea lor. <\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 cineva interfereaz\u0103 sau compromite \u00een vreun fel func\u021bionarea re\u021belei companiei aeriene, o vom observa dup\u0103 conectarea la sol. Atunci putem merge \u00een sala echipajului din aeroport, s\u0103 tip\u0103rim schemele pe h\u00e2rtie \u0219i s\u0103 ne baz\u0103m pe ele \u00een timpul zborului. Dac\u0103 ceva se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 cu una dintre tablete \u2014 avem o a doua. \u00cen cel mai r\u0103u caz, dac\u0103 ambele tablete nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103, avem toate datele necesare zborului \u00een computerul de bord. Dup\u0103 cum pute\u021bi vedea, pentru aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 sunt folosite trei niveluri de protec\u021bie pentru a rezolva aceea\u0219i sarcin\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Urm\u0103toarele posibile op\u021biuni sunt sistemele de control \u0219i management de la bord. De exemplu, sistemul de naviga\u021bie \u0219i sistemul de control al zborului, men\u021bionate anterior. Din nou, nu pot spune nimic despre al\u021bi produc\u0103tori, doar despre 737, pe care zbor eu \u00eensumi. \u00cen cazul s\u0103u, din sistemele informatizate, exist\u0103 baza de date de naviga\u021bie, care con\u021bine, dup\u0103 cum sugereaz\u0103 numele, informa\u021bii de naviga\u021bie \u0219i baza de date a suprafe\u021bei terestre. Acestea pot suferi unele modific\u0103ri. De exemplu, \u00een timpul actualiz\u0103rii software-ului computerului de bord efectuat\u0103 de inginer, un fi\u0219ier modificat sau corupt poate fi \u00eenc\u0103rcat. Dar acest lucru va ie\u0219i repede la iveal\u0103, deoarece avionul se verific\u0103 constant. De exemplu, dac\u0103 motorul are o defec\u021biune, o vedem. \u00cen acest caz, desigur, nu decol\u0103m \u0219i cerem inginerilor s\u0103 verifice. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cazul unei defec\u021biuni, vom primi un semnal de avertizare c\u0103 anumite date sau semnale nu se potrivesc. Avionul efectueaz\u0103 \u00een mod constant verific\u0103ri reciproce ale diferitelor surse. Astfel, dac\u0103 dup\u0103 decolare se dovede\u0219te c\u0103 baza de date este incorect\u0103 sau corupt\u0103, vom afla imediat \u0219i vom trece la a\u0219a-numitele metode tradi\u021bionale de naviga\u021bie. <\/p>\n<h3>Sistemele \u0219i serviciile de la sol<\/h3>\n<p>\nUrm\u0103toarele sunt controlul traficului aerian \u0219i aeroporturile. Serviciile de control sunt bazate la sol, iar hack-uirea acestora va fi mai u\u0219oar\u0103 dec\u00e2t hack-uirea unei aeronave \u00een zbor. Dac\u0103 atacatorii, de exemplu, cumva dezactiveaz\u0103 sau opresc radarul turnului de naviga\u021bie, exist\u0103 posibilitatea de a trece la a\u0219a-numita naviga\u021bie procedural\u0103 \u0219i la separarea procedural\u0103 a aeronavelor. Aceasta este o variant\u0103 mai lent\u0103 de direc\u021bionare a avioanelor c\u0103tre aeroporturi, iar \u00een porturi aglomerate precum Londra sau Los Angeles, aceasta va crea probleme mari. \u00cens\u0103, serviciile la sol vor putea totu\u0219i s\u0103 adune din avioane un \u201estoc de a\u0219teptare\u201d cu un interval de 1000 de picioare <i>(aproximativ 300 de metri)<\/i>, \u0219i pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce o aeronav\u0103 trece printr-un anumit punct, s\u0103 dirijeze urm\u0103toarea la aterizare. Astfel, aeroportul va fi umplut prin mijloace procedurale, nu prin radar.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Se poate hack-ui un avion\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/f086a8eb44df774a7a00e0417f44083a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDac\u0103 un atac va fi \u00eendreptat \u00eempotriva sistemului radio, exist\u0103 un sistem de rezerv\u0103. De asemenea, exist\u0103 o frecven\u021b\u0103 interna\u021bional\u0103 special\u0103, la care se poate accesa. Sau avionul poate fi transferat c\u0103tre o alt\u0103 autoritate de control al traficului aerian, care va prelua controlul ateriz\u0103rii. Sistemul are redundan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i noduri \u0219i sisteme alternative pe care le putem utiliza dac\u0103 unul va fi atacat. <\/p>\n<p>Aceea\u0219i situa\u021bie se aplic\u0103 \u0219i aeroporturilor. Dac\u0103 un aeroport va fi atacat \u0219i atacatorii dezactiveaz\u0103, s\u0103 zicem, sistemul de naviga\u021bie sau iluminarea pistei, sau orice altceva din aeroport, vom observa imediat acest lucru. De exemplu, dac\u0103 nu putem comunica cu ei sau s\u0103 ajust\u0103m instrumentele auxiliare de naviga\u021bie, vom vedea c\u0103 exist\u0103 o problem\u0103, iar ecranul nostru principal de zbor va ar\u0103ta steaguri speciale c\u0103 sistemul de aterizare prin instrumente nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 sau c\u0103 sistemul de naviga\u021bie nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103, iar \u00een acest caz, pur \u0219i simplu vom \u00eentrerupe aterizarea. A\u0219a c\u0103, aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie nu prezint\u0103 niciun pericol. Desigur, vom fi deranja\u021bi, la fel ca \u0219i dumneavoastr\u0103, g\u0103sindu-ne nu acolo unde am dorit s\u0103 ajungem. Sistemul este suficient rezervat, avionul are suficiente rezerve de combustibil. \u0218i dac\u0103 acest grup de hackeri nu a atacat \u00eentreaga \u021bar\u0103 sau regiune, ceea ce este extrem de dificil de realizat, nu va exista niciun pericol pentru aeronave.<\/p>\n<h3>Ceva \u00een plus?<\/h3>\n<p>\nProbabil, acesta este tot ce \u00eemi vine \u00een minte \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu posibilele atacuri. A existat un mesaj de la un expert \u00een cyber-securitate al FBI care a afirmat c\u0103 a reu\u0219it s\u0103 acceseze computerele de control al zborului utiliz\u00e2nd sistemul de divertisment. Conform afirma\u021biilor sale, a reu\u0219it s\u0103 \"manipuleze\" pu\u021bin avionul (cuvintele lui, nu ale mele), dar acest lucru nu a fost niciodat\u0103 confirmat, iar \u00eempotriva acestei persoane nu au fost formulate acuza\u021bii. Dac\u0103 chiar ar fi f\u0103cut acest lucru (nu \u00een\u021beleg de ce cineva ar vrea s\u0103 fac\u0103 asta aflat \u00een acela\u0219i avion), ar fi fost acuzat de punerea \u00een pericol a vie\u021bilor oamenilor. Aceasta m\u0103 face s\u0103 cred c\u0103, cel mai probabil, este vorba despre zvonuri \u0219i inven\u021bii. \u0218i, a\u0219a cum am spus, conform afirma\u021biilor produc\u0103torilor, nu exist\u0103 posibilitatea fizic\u0103 de a te conecta din sistemul de divertisment la cel de control. <\/p>\n<p>\u0218i, a\u0219a cum am spus la \u00eenceput, dac\u0103 noi, pilo\u021bii, am observa c\u0103 vreun sistem, de exemplu, naviga\u021bia, ofer\u0103 date incorecte, am trece la utilizarea altor surse de date - repere la sol, giroscoape laser etc. Dac\u0103 suprafe\u021bele de control nu r\u0103spund, \u00een acela\u0219i 737 exist\u0103 op\u021biuni. Pilotul automat poate fi dezactivat cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een acest caz, computerul nu ar trebui s\u0103 influen\u021beze comportamentul avionului. Chiar \u0219i dac\u0103 hidraulica ar ceda, avionul poate fi \u00eenc\u0103 controlat ca un uria\u0219 Cessna, folosind cabluri conectate fizic la volan. A\u0219a c\u0103 avem \u00eentotdeauna op\u021biuni de control al avionului, dac\u0103 acesta nu este deteriorat structural. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen concluzie, hack-ul unui avion prin GPS, canale radio etc. este teoretic posibil, dar ar necesita un volum incredibil de munc\u0103, multe planific\u0103ri, coordonarea ac\u021biunilor, mult\u0103 echipare. \u0218i nu trebuie s\u0103 uit\u0103m c\u0103, \u00een func\u021bie de altitudine, avionul se deplaseaz\u0103 cu viteze \u00eentre 300 \u0219i 850 km\/h.<\/p>\n<p>Ce \u0219ti\u021bi despre posibilele vectori de atac asupra avia\u021biei? Nu uita\u021bi s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219i\u021bi \u00een comentarii.<\/p>\n<h3>Pu\u021bin publicitate \ud83d\ude42<\/h3>\n<p>\nMul\u021bumim c\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne\u021bi cu noi. V\u0103 plac articolele noastre? Dori\u021bi s\u0103 vede\u021bi mai multe materiale interesante? Sus\u021bine\u021bi-ne, efectu\u00e2nd o comand\u0103 sau recomand\u00e2ndu-ne prietenilor, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ua-hosting.company\/cloudvps\/nl\">VPS cloud pentru dezvoltatori de la 4,99 $<\/a><\/noindex>, <b>un echivalent unic pentru serverele entry-level, care a fost creat de noi pentru voi:<\/b> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/ua-hosting\/blog\/347386\/\">Toat\u0103 adev\u0103rul despre VPS (KVM) E5-2697 v3 (6 nuclee) 10GB DDR4 480GB SSD 1Gbps de la 19 $ sau cum s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi\u021bi corect un server?<\/a><\/noindex> (sunt disponibile op\u021biuni cu RAID1 \u0219i RAID10, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 24 nuclee \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n<p><b>Dell R730xd la jum\u0103tate de pre\u021b \u00een centrul de date Equinix Tier IV din Amsterdam?<\/b> Numai la noi <b><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ua-hosting.company\/serversnl\">2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB de la 199 $<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een Olanda! <b>Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 de la 99 $!<\/b><\/b> Citi\u021bi despre <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/ua-hosting\/blog\/329618\/\">Cum s\u0103 construi\u021bi o infrastructur\u0103 de clas\u0103 enterprise folosind servere Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 la pre\u021buri foarte mici de 9000 \u20ac?<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ua-hosting\/blog\/484112\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u044b\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u044b\u0445, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0412\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437? \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0437\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432? \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435? \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0439? \u041e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412\u044b\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u044b\u0445, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0412\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0432 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