{"id":55536,"date":"2020-01-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-22T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/plesk-cpanel-ili-ispmanager-chto-vybrat"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:40","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:40","slug":"plesk-cpanel-ili-ispmanager-chto-vybrat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/plesk-cpanel-ili-ispmanager-chto-vybrat","title":{"rendered":"Plesk, cPanel sau ISPmanager: ce s\u0103 alegi?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Testarea tuturor panourilor propuse de furnizor \u00eenainte de a \u00eencepe munca este dificil\u0103, de aceea am adunat trei dintre cele mai populare \u00eentr-o mic\u0103 prezentare.<\/p>\n

\"Plesk,<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Dificult\u0103\u021bile apar atunci c\u00e2nd clientul trece de la administrarea sistemului de operare la sarcini legate de hosting. Acesta trebuie s\u0103 gestioneze numeroase site-uri cu diferite CMS-uri \u0219i numeroase conturi de utilizatori. Pentru a reduce efortul, este bine s\u0103 se instaleze un panou de control care permite configurarea serviciilor corespunz\u0103toare printr-o interfa\u021b\u0103 web u\u0219or de utilizat. Va fi necesar \u0219i partenerilor furnizorului care v\u00e2nd serviciile lor clien\u021bilor. Ast\u0103zi vom compara trei produse populare disponibile la comandarea VPS \u0219i VDS pe Linux.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Prezentarea posibilit\u0103\u021bilor<\/h2>\n

\nPanouri Plesk<\/a><\/noindex>, cPanel<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i ISPmanager<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 este un software proprietar, distribuit sub licen\u021be comerciale. Pentru \u00eenceput, s\u0103 compar\u0103m func\u021biile de baz\u0103, adunate obiectiv \u0219i pentru claritate, \u00eentr-un singur tabel.<\/p>\n

Plesk
\ncPanel
\nISPmanager<\/p>\n

Sistemele de operare suportate
\nDebian, Ubuntu, CentOS, RHEL, Cloud Linux, Amazon Linux, Virtuozzo Linux, Windows Server\u00a0
\nCentOS, CloudLinux, RHEL, Amazon Linux
\nCentOS, Debian, Ubuntu<\/p>\n

Costul licen\u021bei pe 1 host pe lun\u0103 (pe site-ul dezvoltatorului)
\n$10 \u2014 $25 (p\u00e2n\u0103 la $45 pentru un server dedicat)<\/a><\/noindex>
\n$15 \u2014 $45<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u20bd282 \u2014 \u20bd847<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Servere web suportate
\nApache
\nNginx\u00a0
\nApache
\nsuport pentru Nginx \u00een stadiu de testare
\nApache
\nNginx\u00a0<\/p>\n

Gestionarea accesului prin FTP\u00a0
\n+
\n+
\n+<\/p>\n

Sistemele de gestionare a bazelor de date suportate
\nMySQL
\nMSSQL
\nMySQL
\nMySQL
\nPostgreSQL<\/p>\n

Gestionarea serviciului de po\u0219t\u0103 electronic\u0103
\n+
\n+
\n+<\/p>\n

Configurarea domeniilor \u0219i a \u00eenregistr\u0103rilor DNS
\n+ (prin intermediul unui serviciu extern)
\n+
\n+<\/p>\n

Instalarea scripturilor \u0219i CMS-urilor
\n+
\n+
\n+<\/p>\n

Pluginuri\/moduli
\n+
\n+
\n+ (num\u0103r limitat)<\/p>\n

Versiuni alternative PHP\u00a0
\n+
\n+
\n+<\/p>\n

Manager de fi\u0219iere
\n+
\n+
\n+<\/p>\n

Backup
\n+
\n+
\n+<\/p>\n

Aplica\u021bie mobil\u0103\u00a0
\nPentru iOS \u0219i Android
\n\u2014
\n\u2014<\/p>\n

Organizarea hostingului (crearea de rev\u00e2nz\u0103tori \u0219i planuri tarifare)
\nDisponibil \u00een unele edi\u021bii
\nExist\u0103
\nDisponibil \u00een versiunea ISPmanager Business<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u258dPlesk<\/h3>\n

\nUna dintre cele mai universale op\u021biuni, potrivit\u0103 pentru toate tipurile de sarcini. Panoul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 nu doar cu distribu\u021bii populare bazate pe deb \u0219i rpm, ci \u0219i cu Windows. De\u0219i clien\u021bii VPS\/VDS pe Windows au rar nevoie de instrumente de administrare externe, la dorin\u021b\u0103 acestea pot fi instalate. Plesk se diferen\u021biaz\u0103, de asemenea, de concuren\u021b\u0103 printr-un num\u0103r mare de software suportat, inclusiv rar utilizat pe serverele web tradi\u021bionale (Docker, NodeJS, Git, Ruby etc.).<\/p>\n

Dezvoltatorii ofer\u0103 diferite edi\u021bii ale produsului, inclusiv o versiune u\u0219oar\u0103 cu un set minim de func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi. Plesk permite alegerea versiunii PHP pentru fiecare site, suport\u0103 PHP-fpm, are un instalator \u00eencorporat pentru CMS populare, precum \u0219i o multitudine de extensii care completeaz\u0103 func\u021bionalitatea panoului. \u00cen func\u021bie de edi\u021bie, Plesk poate include un panou de facturare, precum \u0219i posibilitatea de a crea diferite planuri tarifare \u0219i rev\u00e2nz\u0103tori \u2014 produsul este destinat \u00een primul r\u00e2nd companiilor de hosting \u0219i studiourilor web, iar pentru VPS\/VDS-uri individuale, func\u021bionalitatea sa pare excesiv\u0103. Principalul dezavantaj al Plesk, identificat \u00een acest stadiu, este pre\u021bul ridicat al licen\u021belor \u0219i necesitatea achizi\u021bion\u0103rii extensiilor.<\/p>\n

\u258dcPanel & WHM<\/h3>\n

\nAcest panou este destinat utiliz\u0103rii cu RedHat Enterprise Linux \u0219i cu unele distribu\u021bii derivate. Este u\u0219or de utilizat, dar destul de func\u021bional: cPanel permite gestionarea serverelor web \u0219i a bazelor de date, configurarea flexibil\u0103 a limit\u0103rilor pentru utilizatorii de hosting, stabilirea planurilor tarifare, crearea rev\u00e2nz\u0103torilor \u0219i gestionarea serviciului de e-mail cu filtre \u0219i campanii. La fel ca \u0219i \u00een cazul Plesk, aici exist\u0103 multe op\u021biuni suplimentare, iar func\u021biile cPanel sunt extinse prin intermediul plugin-urilor comerciale \u0219i gratuite. \u00cen plus, instrumentul permite alegerea diferitelor moduri de func\u021bionare \u0219i diferite versiuni PHP. Printre dezavantajele semnificative se num\u0103r\u0103 costul destul de ridicat al licen\u021bei \u0219i lipsa suportului pentru distribu\u021biile populare bazate pe deb.<\/p>\n

\u258dISPmanager<\/h3>\n

\nUltimul panou pe care l-am discutat se distinge printr-un pre\u021b sc\u0103zut. \u00cen plus, func\u021bioneaz\u0103 nu doar pe CentOS (un clon al RHEL), ci \u0219i pe Debian\/Ubuntu. Panoul este optimizat pentru sarcinile de hosting \u0219i se actualizeaz\u0103 automat. Utilizatorii au acces la o documenta\u021bie detaliat\u0103 \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103, posibilitatea de a stabili versiunea PHP pentru fiecare site \u0219i de a instala simultan mai multe versiuni de SGBD \u00een interiorul containerelor Docker. Se suport\u0103 PHP-fpm, exist\u0103 un instalator \u00eencorporat pentru scripturi \u0219i CMS populare, precum \u0219i un num\u0103r de module de integrare care extind func\u021bionalitatea.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Pre\u021buri pentru RuVDS<\/h2>\n

\n\u00cen tabelul de mai sus este indicat intervalul de pre\u021buri pentru licen\u021bele Plesk, cPanel \u0219i ISPmanager, dac\u0103 sunt achizi\u021bionate de pe site-urile dezvoltatorilor. Mul\u021bi furnizori de hosting ofer\u0103 posibilitatea de a echipa serverul cu panouri, iar costul licen\u021bei poate fi mai mic. \u00cen cadrul ac\u021biunii de s\u0103rb\u0103tori, RuVDS ofer\u0103 clien\u021bilor care comanda VPS posibilitatea de a utiliza gratuit ISPmanager Lite p\u00e2n\u0103 la 31 decembrie 2019, iar Plesk web admin edition \u2014 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 31 ianuarie 2020. Dup\u0103 \u00eencheierea ac\u021biunii, costul licen\u021belor va fi de 200 \u0219i 650 de ruble pe lun\u0103. Versiunea de prob\u0103 a cPanel poate fi utilizat\u0103 gratuit timp de 14 zile, dar apoi va trebui s\u0103 o achizi\u021bionezi<\/a><\/noindex> direct de la dezvoltator.<\/p>\n

Prima impresie<\/h2>\n

\nClien\u021bii nu vor avea probleme cu instalarea \u0219i lansarea panourilor, deoarece ne-am ocupat deja de acest lucru \u2014 \u00eenc\u0103 un motiv (pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 pre\u021b) pentru a cump\u0103ra licen\u021ba prin intermediul furnizorului de hosting. Atunci c\u00e2nd comanda\u021bi un server, este suficient s\u0103 alege\u021bi una dintre cele trei op\u021biuni disponibile: ISPmanager Lite, Plesk web admin edition sau cPanel & WHM cu o perioad\u0103 de prob\u0103 gratuit\u0103 de 14 zile. Men\u021bion\u0103m c\u0103, de\u0219i Plesk poate func\u021biona pe Windows Server, aceast\u0103 variant\u0103 nu este prev\u0103zut\u0103 din fabric\u0103. Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi nevoie de un panou pentru sistemul de operare Microsoft, va trebui s\u0103-l instala\u021bi singur. Aceasta este o practic\u0103 obi\u0219nuit\u0103: VPS\/VDS pe Windows nu sunt echipate cu software ter\u021b. cPanel este disponibil doar pentru ma\u0219ini pe CentOS, ceea ce este de asemenea destul de natural.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Plesk,
\nConfigurarea ini\u021bial\u0103 \u0219i crearea site-urilor nu vor prezenta dificult\u0103\u021bi speciale, \u00eens\u0103 aici deja sunt importante particularit\u0103\u021bile fiec\u0103rui panou \u00een parte. Vom \u00eencerca s\u0103 le eviden\u021biem punctele forte \u0219i slabe.<\/p>\n

\u258dPlesk<\/h3>\n

\nInterfa\u021ba utilizatorului Plesk este similar\u0103 cu panoul de administrare WordPress. Meniul este plasat \u00een st\u00e2nga (panoul de navigare), iar \u00een centru se afl\u0103 zona de lucru. Meniul este organizat \u00eentr-un mod destul de logic, toate set\u0103rile fiind la \u00eendem\u00e2n\u0103. Similaritatea interfe\u021bei cu cea a WordPress nu este \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103toare: ne-a pl\u0103cut foarte mult integrarea str\u00e2ns\u0103 a Plesk cu acest CMS popular, instalarea c\u0103ruia este aici extrem de automatizat\u0103. Este destul de convenabil s\u0103 instal\u0103m \u0219i alte scripturi externe \u2014 acesta este un mare plus.
\n\u00a0
\n\"Plesk,
\n\u00cen partea dreapt\u0103 a ferestrei, po\u021bi g\u0103si elemente suplimentare ale interfe\u021bei care faciliteaz\u0103 lucrul cu panoul. Acestea con\u021bin informa\u021bii variate, permit o navigare rapid\u0103 \u00een diversele sec\u021biuni de set\u0103ri \u0219i ofer\u0103 op\u021biunea de a instala software suplimentar. Principalul avantaj al Plesk este num\u0103rul s\u0103u mare de extensii \u0219i compatibilitatea cu software-ul exotic pentru gazduire web. Ne-a pl\u0103cut \u00een mod special suportul Docker direct din cutie \u0219i setul bogat de imagini gata f\u0103cute (de asemenea, este posibil s\u0103 \u00eencarci propriile tale imagini).<\/p>\n

\"Plesk,\u00a0
\n\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, o mic\u0103 not\u0103 de am\u0103r\u0103ciune: \u00een edi\u021bia Plesk web admin, sunt disponibile doar func\u021bii de baz\u0103, \u00een edi\u021biile mai scumpe, lista acestora este mult mai extins\u0103. Totu\u0219i, acesta este un atribut comun al versiunilor de baz\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u258dcPanel & WHM<\/h3>\n

\nAici ne-a pl\u0103cut \u00eemp\u0103r\u021birea conturilor \u00een dou\u0103 tipuri: utilizatori \u0219i administratori\/revendicatori. Practic, produsul const\u0103 din dou\u0103 panouri diferite: cPanel propriu-zis \u0219i WebHost Manager (WHM). Primul este destinat utilizatorilor obisnui\u021bi de gazduire \u0219i este destul de convenabil de utilizat.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Plesk,
\nFunc\u021biile care permit crearea de planuri tarifare pentru administratori \u0219i revendicatori sunt disponibile prin intermediul unui panou special WHM. Interfa\u021ba acestui panou este \u00een general organizat\u0103 logic: \u00een partea st\u00e2ng\u0103 se afl\u0103 un meniu ierarhic ascuns, \u00eenso\u021bit de o bar\u0103 de c\u0103utare, iar \u00een partea dreapt\u0103 \u2014 zona de lucru. Aici sunt multe set\u0103ri \u0219i, pe de-o parte, acest lucru este bun. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, meniul WHM nu este foarte convenabil. Dac\u0103 \u00een Plesk aproape nu a fost nevoie s\u0103 folosim c\u0103utarea, aici \u00een fiecare sec\u021biune sunt at\u00e2t de multe op\u021biuni, \u00eenc\u00e2t bara de c\u0103utare devine instrumentul principal al administratorului.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Plesk,<\/p>\n

\u258dISPmanager<\/h3>\n

\nO caracter distinctiv al acestui panou de control fa\u021b\u0103 de cele anterioare este interfa\u021ba sa extrem de simplificat\u0103 \u0219i intuitiv\u0103. \u00cen partea st\u00e2ng\u0103 se afl\u0103 meniul de navigare, iar \u00een partea dreapt\u0103 - zona de lucru. Diferitele op\u021biuni ale meniului pot fi deschise separat sau simultan \u00een tab-urile zonei de lucru - lucru foarte convenabil, deoarece adesea diferite func\u021bii ale panoului sunt necesare administratorilor \u00een paralel. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 func\u021biile direct legate de hosting, administratorii au acces \u0219i la unele func\u021bii adi\u021bionale \u0219i sistemice, cum ar fi verificarea antivirus, managerul de fi\u0219iere, programatorul sau firewall-ul. Lista aplica\u021biilor suplimentare livrate include Roundcube Webmail \u0219i phpMyAdmin.<\/p>\n

\"Plesk,
\nNe-a pl\u0103cut simplitatea configura\u021biei ini\u021biale \u0219i posibilitatea de actualizare automat\u0103 a softului, precum \u0219i localizarea complet\u0103 \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 a panoului \u0219i a documenta\u021biei asociate - cu dezvolt\u0103rile str\u0103ine exist\u0103 dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u021b\u0103. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, interfa\u021ba simplificat\u0103 nu are \u00eentotdeauna flexibilitatea necesar\u0103 \u00een configur\u0103ri, iar num\u0103rul modulelor adi\u021bionale disponibile pentru ISPmanager este extrem de mic comparativ cu colec\u021biile pentru Plesk \u0219i cPanel. \u00cen plus, \u00een cea mai ieftin\u0103 edi\u021bie Lite nu se pot crea reselleri \u0219i configura\u021bii cluster.<\/p>\n

\"Plesk,<\/p>\n

Securitate<\/h2>\n

\nPanoul de control ofer\u0103 administratorilor puteri extinse \u00een sistemul de operare instalat pe server, iar astfel poten\u021bialele vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00een acesta pot fi periculoase. \u00cen mod implicit, accesul la func\u021biile tuturor panourilor enumerate utilizeaz\u0103 un protocol HTTPS care suport\u0103 criptarea, cu un certificat auto-semnat. Totu\u0219i, nimeni nu interzice utilizatorului s\u0103 instaleze un certificat cump\u0103rat. \u00cen plus, at\u00e2t \u00een cPanel, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een ISPmanager se configureaz\u0103 autentificarea cu doi factori la conectare pentru administratori\/resealeri \u0219i clien\u021bi. De asemenea, \u00een cPanel exist\u0103 protec\u021bie suplimentar\u0103 pentru instrumentele de administrare: spre exemplu, nu exist\u0103 acces la phpMyAdmin printr-un link direct. Toate cele trei panouri sunt actualizate periodic, permit instalarea de certificate SSL pentru site-uri (inclusiv auto-semante) \u0219i se pot ad\u0103uga diverse module legate de securitate, precum solu\u021bii antivirus.<\/p>\n

Backup<\/h2>\n

\nPlesk suport\u0103 backup complet \u0219i incremental \u00een stocarea sa proprie sau pe o resurs\u0103 extern\u0103. Se poate crea at\u00e2t o copie complet\u0103 a \u00eentregului server, c\u00e2t \u0219i o copie a datelor conturilor de utilizator individuale. cPanel creeaz\u0103 copii comprimate \u0219i necomprimate, precum \u0219i copii incrementale \u2014 \u00een mod implicit, acestea sunt salvate local. Merit\u0103 men\u021bionat\u0103 posibilitatea de a ini\u021bia procedura de copiere conform unui program \u0219i absen\u021ba unei interfe\u021be proprii pentru restaurarea datelor.<\/p>\n

Set\u0103rile de backup din ISPmanager nu sunt suficient de flexibile, dar toate func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bile de baz\u0103 sunt disponibile \u00een acest panou: datele sunt salvate \u00eentr-un director local sau pe o resurs\u0103 extern\u0103 \u0219i pot fi protejate prin parol\u0103. \u00cen mod implicit, sunt copiate datele tuturor utilizatorilor, de\u0219i acest lucru poate fi modificat \u00een set\u0103ri. \u00cen plus, set\u0103rile specific\u0103 num\u0103rul de copii complete \u0219i zilnice.<\/p>\n

Avantaje \u0219i dezavantaje\u00a0<\/h2>\n

\nToate cele trei panouri discutate se afl\u0103 \u00een fruntea listelor celor mai populare \u0219i se remarc\u0103 prin func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bile lor extinse. Plesk suport\u0103 o varietate de software \u0219i permite rezolvarea celor mai diverse probleme. Utilizatorii au acces la peste 200.000 de imagini Docker variate, iar un num\u0103r mare de extensii face din Plesk un instrument universal, potrivit nu doar pentru organizarea de hosting. cPanel este destinat rezolv\u0103rii sarcinilor legate de hosting, dezvoltatorii \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bind accesul la diferite func\u021bii \u00een dou\u0103 niveluri: pentru utilizatori obi\u0219nui\u021bi \u0219i administratori sunt create panouri separate. De asemenea, merit\u0103 men\u021bionat\u0103 cerin\u021ba mare de resurse computa\u021bionale \u2014 cPanel nu ar trebui instalat pe VPS-uri cu putere mic\u0103. Panoul ISPmanager este, de asemenea, destinat doar gestion\u0103rii hostingului. Este u\u0219or de utilizat, nu este preten\u021bios cu resursele \u0219i cost\u0103 pu\u021bin \u2014 acesta este probabil cel mai bun variant pentru VPS de nivel \u00eencep\u0103tor sau pentru noi administratori \u0219i hosteri.<\/p>\n

\"Plesk,<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Plesk,<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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