{"id":55735,"date":"2020-01-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-26T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/eshhe-raz-o-devops-i-sre"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:52","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:52","slug":"eshhe-raz-o-devops-i-sre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/eshhe-raz-o-devops-i-sre","title":{"rendered":"\u00cenc\u0103 o dat\u0103 despre DevOps \u0219i SRE","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Pe baza discu\u021biilor din chat AWS Minsk Community<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\u00cen ultima vreme se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 adev\u0103rate b\u0103t\u0103lii \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te definirea conceptului de DevOps \u0219i SRE.
\nCu toate c\u0103 discu\u021biile pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103 au devenit oarecum obositoare, inclusiv pentru mine, am decis s\u0103 \u00eemi expun perspectiva \u00een fa\u021ba comunit\u0103\u021bii Habr. Cei interesa\u021bi sunt bineveni\u021bi sub cat. \u0218i s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 totul din nou!
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Povestea<\/h4>\n

\nA\u0219adar, \u00een vremurile de demult, existau echipe separate de dezvoltatori de software \u0219i administratori de servere. Primii scriau cod f\u0103r\u0103 probleme, iar ceilal\u021bi, folosind diverse cuvinte calde \u0219i bl\u00e2nde despre primii, configurau serverele, venind periodic la dezvoltatori \u0219i primind \u00een schimb un r\u0103spuns l\u0103muritor: \u201eLa mine pe ma\u0219in\u0103 func\u021bioneaz\u0103 tot.\u201d Afacerea a a\u0219teptat software-ul, totul stagna, se defecta periodic, iar toat\u0103 lumea era nervoas\u0103. \u00cen special cel care pl\u0103tea pentru toat\u0103 aceast\u0103 dezordine. O epoc\u0103 splendid\u0103. Dar, probabil, \u0219ti\u021bi deja de unde vine conceptul de DevOps. <\/p>\n

Na\u0219terea practicilor DevOps<\/h4>\n

\nApoi, au venit ni\u0219te oameni serio\u0219i \u0219i au spus - aceasta nu este o industrie, a\u0219a nu se poate lucra. \u0218i au adus modele de ciclu de via\u021b\u0103. Iat\u0103, de exemplu, modelul \u00een V.<\/p>\n

\"\u00cenc\u0103
\nA\u0219adar, ce vedem? Afacerea vine cu o idee, arhitec\u021bii concep solu\u021bii, dezvoltatorii scriu cod, apoi \u2013 un e\u0219ec. Cineva cumva testeaz\u0103 produsul, cineva cumva \u00eel livreaz\u0103 utilizatorului final \u0219i undeva, la ie\u0219irea acestui model miraculos, st\u0103 un client de afaceri singuratic a\u0219tept\u00e2nd vremea bun\u0103. S-a ajuns la concluzia c\u0103 sunt necesare metode care s\u0103 permit\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea acestui proces. \u0218i s-a decis s\u0103 se creeze practici care s\u0103 le implementeze.<\/p>\n

O digresiune liric\u0103 cu privire la ce este practica<\/b>
\nPrin practic\u0103, eu \u00een\u021beleg o leg\u0103tur\u0103 \u00eentre tehnologie \u0219i disciplin\u0103. Un exemplu - practica descrierii infrastructurii prin cod pe terraform. Disciplina este modul \u00een care descriem infrastructura prin cod, aceasta se afl\u0103 \u00een mintea dezvoltatorului, iar tehnologia este, de fapt, terraform.<\/p>\n

\u0218i au decis s\u0103 le numeasc\u0103 practici DevOps \u2014 cred c\u0103 se refereau la tranzi\u021bia de la dezvoltare la opera\u021biuni. Au inventat tot felul de lucruri complicate \u2014 practici CI\/CD, practici bazate pe principiul IaC, mii de astfel de abord\u0103ri. \u0218i au \u00eenceput s\u0103 scrie cod, inginerii DevOps transform\u00e2nd descrierea sistemului \u00een cod \u00een sisteme func\u021bionale (da, din p\u0103cate, codul este doar o descriere, nu o manifestare a sistemului), livrarea a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se desf\u0103\u0219oare, \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe. Administratorii de ieri, dup\u0103 ce au \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat noile practici, s-au recalificat cu m\u00e2ndrie \u00een ingineri DevOps, \u0219i totul a \u00eenceput. \u0218i a fost sear\u0103, \u0219i a fost diminea\u021b\u0103... scuze, nu de acolo.<\/p>\n

Toate din nou, nu-i a\u0219a?<\/h4>\n

\nDoar ce s-a lini\u0219tit totul, \u0219i diversi \"metodi\u0219ti\" au \u00eenceput s\u0103 scrie c\u0103r\u021bi groase despre practicile DevOps, disputele au \u00eenceput s\u0103 se dezvolte \u00een lini\u0219te, cine este de fapt binecunoscuta persoan\u0103 DevOps \u0219i c\u0103 DevOps este o cultur\u0103 a produc\u021biei, nemul\u021bumirea a reap\u0103rut. A devenit evident c\u0103 livrarea software-ului este o sarcin\u0103 absolut netreviat\u0103. Fiecare infrastructur\u0103 de dezvoltare are propriul ei stack, unele trebuie s\u0103 fie compilate, altele trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 un mediu livrat, aici este nevoie de tomcat, iar aici de o metod\u0103 complicat\u0103 de lansare \u2014 \u00een general, capul \u00ee\u021bi explodeaz\u0103. \u0218i din p\u0103cate, problema s-a dovedit a fi, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, organizarea proceselor \u2014 aceast\u0103 func\u021bie de livrare a \u00eenceput s\u0103 blocheze procesele, ca un g\u00e2t de sticl\u0103. \u00cen plus, opera\u021biunile (Operations) nu au fost anulate. Ele nu sunt vizibile \u00een modelul V, iar acolo este \u00eentreg ciclul de via\u021b\u0103 pe dreapta. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 men\u021bii infrastructura, s\u0103 te ui\u021bi la monitorizare, s\u0103 rezolvi incidentele \u0219i s\u0103 te ocupi \u0219i de livrare. Adic\u0103, s\u0103 stai cu o picior \u00een dezvoltare \u0219i cu cel\u0103lalt \u00een opera\u021biuni \u2014 \u0219i astfel a ap\u0103rut aceast\u0103 combina\u021bie de Development & Operations. Apoi, a venit \u0219i un val uria\u0219 de hype pe microservicii. Iar cu ele, dezvoltarea a \u00eenceput s\u0103 semute \u00een cloud \u2014 \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 depanezi ceva local, c\u00e2nd ai zeci sau sute de microservicii, livrarea continu\u0103 devine un mijloc de supravie\u021buire. Pentru o \u201emic\u0103 companie modest\u0103\u201d mai merge, dar totu\u0219i? Dar Google?<\/p>\n

SRE de la Google<\/h4>\n

\nGoogle a venit, a m\u00e2ncat cei mai mari cactu\u0219i \u0219i a zis - nu avem nevoie de a\u0219a ceva, ne trebuie fiabilitate. \u0218i trebuie s\u0103 gestion\u0103m aceast\u0103 fiabilitate. A decis c\u0103 avem nevoie de speciali\u0219ti care s\u0103 se ocupe de gestionarea fiabilit\u0103\u021bii. I-a numit ingineri SR \u0219i a spus, iat\u0103 totul, face\u021bi cum \u0219ti\u021bi, bine. Iat\u0103 SLI, iat\u0103 SLO, iat\u0103 monitorizarea. \u0218i a ar\u0103tat c\u0103tre opera\u021biuni. \u0218i \u0219i-a numit \u201eDevOps-ul fiabil\u201d SRE. Totul p\u0103rea bine, dar exist\u0103 un hack murdar pe care Google \u0219i-l putea permite - la pozi\u021bia de ingineri SR angajau oameni cu calific\u0103ri de dezvoltatori \u0219i care aveau pu\u021bin\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103 \u00een func\u021bionarea sistemelor \u00een activitate. \u00cen plus, Google avea probleme cu angajarea acestor oameni - \u00een principal pentru c\u0103 el \u00eensu\u0219i concur\u0103 cu sine - trebuie totu\u0219i s\u0103 descrie cineva logica de afaceri. Livrarea a fost delegat\u0103 inginerilor de release, inginerii SR gestioneaz\u0103 fiabilitatea (desigur, nu direct, ci influen\u021b\u00e2nd infrastructura, schimb\u00e2nd arhitectura, urm\u0103rind modific\u0103rile \u0219i indicatorii, rezolv\u00e2nd incidentele). E frumos, se poate scrie c\u0103r\u021bi<\/a><\/noindex>. \u0218i ce s\u0103 faci dac\u0103 nu e\u0219ti Google, dar fiabilitatea totu\u0219i te \u00eengrijoreaz\u0103?<\/p>\n

Dezvoltarea ideilor DevOps<\/h4>\n

\nAici a venit la momentul potrivit Docker, crescut din lxc, apoi diferite sisteme de orchestrare, precum Docker Swarm \u0219i Kubernetes, iar inginerii DevOps au respirat u\u0219ura\u021bi - unificarea practicilor a simplificat livrarea. A simplificat at\u00e2t de mult \u00eenc\u00e2t a devenit chiar posibil s\u0103 pred\u0103m livrarea dezvoltatorilor - ce este acel deployment.yaml. Containerele rezolv\u0103 problema. Iar maturitatea sistemelor CI\/CD este deja la nivelul \u00een care ai scris un singur fi\u0219ier \u0219i totul a \u00eenceput - dezvoltatorii se descurc\u0103 singuri. \u0218i aici \u00eencepem s\u0103 discut\u0103m cum s\u0103 ne facem propriul SRE, cu... oricine. <\/p>\n

SRE nu este \u00een Google<\/h4>\n

\nBine, am finalizat livrarea, cred c\u0103 putem respira u\u0219ura\u021bi \u0219i reveni la vremurile bune de alt\u0103dat\u0103, c\u00e2nd administratorii urm\u0103reau \u00eenc\u0103rcarea procesoarelor, optimizau sistemele \u0219i sorbeau din c\u0103ni ceva misterios \u00een lini\u0219te \u0219i calm... Stai pu\u021bin. Nu asta era inten\u021bia noastr\u0103 (ar fi fost p\u0103cat!). Dintr-o dat\u0103, se dovede\u0219te c\u0103, \u00een abordarea Google, putem aplica practici excelente \u2014 nu \u00eenc\u0103rcarea procesoarelor este important\u0103, nu c\u00e2t de des schimb\u0103m discurile, sau cum optimiz\u0103m costurile \u00een cloud, ci metricile de afaceri \u2014 acelea\u0219i binecunoscute SLx. \u0218i nimeni nu a scos managementul infrastructurii de aici, trebuie s\u0103 gestion\u0103m incidentele, trebuie s\u0103 fim de serviciu periodic \u0219i, \u00een general, s\u0103 fim la curent cu procesele de afaceri. \u0218i, b\u0103ie\u021bi, \u00eencepe\u021bi s\u0103 programa\u021bi pu\u021bin mai bine, Google v-a\u0219teapt\u0103 deja.<\/p>\n

\u00cen rezumat. Dintr-o dat\u0103, dar deja sunte\u021bi obosi\u021bi s\u0103 citi\u021bi \u0219i sunte\u021bi ner\u0103bd\u0103tori s\u0103-i scrie\u021bi autorului un comentariu la articol. DevOps ca practic\u0103 de livrare a fost, este \u0219i va fi. \u0218i nu va disp\u0103rea nic\u0103ieri. SRE ca set de practici de operare face ca aceast\u0103 livrare s\u0103 fie de succes.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435 AWS Minsk Community \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f DevOps \u0438 SRE. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u0435, \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0434 \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430-\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443. \u0422\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":55736,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47\u00cenc\u0103 o dat\u0103 despre DevOps \u0219i SRE | ProHoster","description":"Pe baza discu\u021biei din chatul AWS Minsk Community. 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