{"id":55763,"date":"2020-01-28T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-27T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/l1des-cacheout-i-vrs-novye-uyazvimosti-v-mikroarhitekturnyh-strukturah-cpu-intel"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:54","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:54","slug":"l1des-cacheout-i-vrs-novye-uyazvimosti-v-mikroarhitekturnyh-strukturah-cpu-intel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/l1des-cacheout-i-vrs-novye-uyazvimosti-v-mikroarhitekturnyh-strukturah-cpu-intel","title":{"rendered":"L1DES (CacheOut) \u0219i VRS \u2014 noi vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00een structurile microarhitecturale ale CPU-urilor Intel","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Compania Intel <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.intel.com\/technology\/2020\/01\/ipas-intel-sa-00329\/\">a dezv\u0103luit<\/a><\/noindex> informa\u021bii despre dou\u0103 noi vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00een CPU Intel, cauzate de scurgeri de date din cache-ul L1D (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/software-guidance\/l1d-eviction-sampling\">CVE-2020-0549<\/a><\/noindex>, L1DES \u2014 L1D Eviction Sampling) \u0219i registrii vectoriali (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/software-guidance\/vector-register-sampling\">CVE-2020-0548<\/a><\/noindex>, VRS \u2014 Vector Register Sampling). Vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bile fac parte din clasa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50684\">MDS<\/a><\/noindex> (Microarchitectural Data Sampling) \u0219i se bazeaz\u0103 pe utilizarea metodologiilor de analiz\u0103 pe canale laterale pentru datele din structurile microarhitecturale. AMD, ARM \u0219i alte procesoare nu sunt afectate de aceste probleme.<\/p>\n<p>Cea mai mare amenin\u021bare este vulnerabilitatea L1DES, care  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/solutions\/l1d-cache-eviction-and-vector-register-sampling\">perminte<\/a><\/noindex> stocarea blocurilor de date cached (cache line), care sunt eliminate din cache-ul de nivel 1 (L1D), \u00een bufferul de completare (Fill Buffer), care \u00een acest stadiu ar trebui s\u0103 fie gol. Pentru a determina datele stocate \u00een bufferul de completare, se pot aplica metodologii de analiz\u0103 pe canale laterale, propuse anterior \u00een atacurile <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50684\">MDS<\/a><\/noindex> (Microarchitectural Data Sampling) \u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51852\">TAA<\/a><\/noindex> (Transactional Asynchronous Abort). Esen\u021ba protec\u021biei implementate anterior \u00eempotriva<br \/>\nMDS \u0219i TAA const\u0103 \u00een cur\u0103\u021barea bufferelor microarhitecturale \u00eenainte de schimbarea contextului, dar, a\u0219a cum s-a constatat, \u00een anumite condi\u021bii, datele sunt resetate speculativ \u00een bufere dup\u0103 opera\u021biunea de cur\u0103\u021bare, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t metodologiile MDS \u0219i TAA r\u0103m\u00e2n aplicabile.<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"L1DES (CacheOut) \u0219i VRS - noi vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00een structurile microarhitecturale ale CPU-urilor Intel\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/0a5f61b0703517504135e27e32c762bc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen consecin\u021b\u0103, atacatorul poate ob\u021bine determinarea datelor eliminate din cache-ul de nivel 1 care au fost modificate \u00een timpul execut\u0103rii unei aplica\u021bii care a ocupat anterior nucleul CPU curent sau aplica\u021bii care ruleaz\u0103 \u00een paralel \u00een alte fire logice (hyperthread) pe acela\u0219i nucleu CPU (dezactivarea HyperThreading anuleaz\u0103 eficien\u021ba atacului). Spre deosebire de atacul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49134\">L1TF<\/a><\/noindex>, L1DES nu permite selectarea unor adrese fizice specifice pentru verificare, dar ofer\u0103 posibilitatea de a monitoriza pasiv activitatea din alte fire logice, asociat\u0103 cu \u00eenc\u0103rcarea sau salvarea \u00een memorie a valorilor.<\/p>\n<p>Pe baza L1DES, diverse echipe de cercetare au dezvoltat mai multe variante de atacuri care permit poten\u021bial extragerea informa\u021biilor confiden\u021biale din alte procese, sistemul de operare, ma\u0219ini virtuale \u0219i enclave protejate SGX. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Echipa VUSec <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/#ridl-nng\">a adaptat<\/a><\/noindex> metoda de atac RIDL pentru vulnerabilitatea L1DES. Disponibil <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/vusec\/ridl\/blob\/master\/pocs\/verw_bypass_l1des.c\">un prototip de exploit<\/a><\/noindex>, care include metodele Intel de protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva MDS, bazate pe instruirea VERW pentru a cur\u0103\u021ba con\u021binutul buffer-elor microarhitecturale \u00een momentul revenirii din kernel \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului sau la transmiterea controlului c\u0103tre sistemul gazd\u0103 (cercet\u0103torii au insistat ini\u021bial c\u0103 VERW (cur\u0103\u021barea buffer-elor microarhitecturale) nu este suficient pentru protec\u021bie \u0219i este necesar un reset complet al cache-ului L1 la fiecare schimbare de context).\n<li class=\"l\"> Comanda <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/zombieloadattack.com\/\">ZombieLoad<\/a><\/noindex>  a actualizat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/zombieloadattack.com\/zombieload.pdf\">metoda de atac<\/a><\/noindex> av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere vulnerabilitatea L1DES.\n<li class=\"l\"> Cercet\u0103torii de la Universitatea Michigan au dezvoltat propria metod\u0103 de atac <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cacheoutattack.com\/\">CacheOut<\/a><\/noindex> (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cacheoutattack.com\/CacheOut.pdf\">PDF<\/a><\/noindex>), permi\u021b\u00e2nd extragerea informa\u021biilor confiden\u021biale din kernelul sistemului de operare, ma\u0219ini virtuale \u0219i enclave securizate SGX. Metoda se bazeaz\u0103 pe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51852\">manipul\u0103ri<\/a><\/noindex> cu mecanismul de interupere a opera\u021biunilor asincrone (TAA, TSX Asynchronous Abort) pentru a determina con\u021binutul buffer-ului de umplere dup\u0103 scurgeri de date din cache-ul L1D.\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/pics_base\/0_1580195677.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"L1DES (CacheOut) \u0219i VRS - noi vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00een structurile microarhitecturale ale CPU-urilor Intel\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/68cf9a4cf24206c7d226e0f69b8cad55.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A doua vulnerabilitate VRS (Vector Register Sampling) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/software-guidance\/vector-register-sampling\">se leag\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> de scurgerile \u00een bufferul de stocare (Store Buffer) a rezultatelor opera\u021biunilor de citire din registrele vectoriale, modificate \u00een timpul execut\u0103rii instruc\u021biunilor vectoriale (SSE, AVX, AVX-512) pe acela\u0219i nucleu CPU. Scurgerea apare \u00een circumstan\u021be suficient de rare \u0219i este cauzat\u0103 de faptul c\u0103 o opera\u021biune executat\u0103 speculativ, care duce la reflectarea st\u0103rii registrelor vectoriale \u00een bufferul de stocare, \u00eent\u00e2rzie \u0219i se finalizeaz\u0103 dup\u0103 cur\u0103\u021barea bufferului, nu \u00eenainte. \u00cen mod similar cu vulnerabilitatea L1DES, con\u021binutul bufferului de stocare poate fi apoi determinat cu ajutorul metodologiilor de atac MDS \u0219i TAA.  <\/p>\n<p>Cercet\u0103torii din grupul VUSec <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/#ridl-nng\">au preg\u0103tit<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/vusec\/ridl\/blob\/master\/pocs\/vrs.c\">un prototip de exploit<\/a><\/noindex>, permi\u021b\u00e2nd determinarea valorilor registrelor vectoriale ob\u021binute \u00een urma calculilor dintr-un alt fir logic al aceluia\u0219i nucleu CPU. Compania Intel <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/software-guidance\/vector-register-sampling\">a evaluat<\/a><\/noindex> vulnerabilitatea VRS ca fiind prea complex\u0103 pentru a fi realizate atacuri reale \u0219i i-a atribuit un nivel minim de pericol (2.8 CVSS).<\/p>\n<p>Informa\u021bii despre problemele au fost transmise Intel \u00een mai 2019 de echipa Zombieload de la Universitatea Tehnic\u0103 din Graz (Austria) \u0219i grupul VUSec de la Universitatea Liber\u0103 din Amsterdam, iar ulterior, dup\u0103 analiza altor vectori de aplicare a atacului MDS, vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bile au fost confirmate de al\u021bi cercet\u0103tori. \u00cen primul raport MDS, informa\u021biile despre problemele L1DES \u0219i VRS nu au fost incluse din cauza lipsei unei solu\u021bii. Solu\u021bia nu este disponibil\u0103 nici acum, dar termenul de nepublicare convenit a expirat.<br \/>\nCa metode de protec\u021bie alternative, se recomand\u0103 dezactivarea HyperThreading-ului. Pentru a bloca vulnerabilitatea pe partea nucleului, se sugereaz\u0103 resetarea cache-ului L1 la fiecare schimbare de context (bit MSR MSR_IA32_FLUSH_CMD) \u0219i dezactivarea extensiei TSX (bitele MSR MSR_IA32_TSX_CTRL \u0219i MSR_TSX_FORCE_ABORT).<\/p>\n<p>Intel <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.intel.com\/technology\/2020\/01\/ipas-intel-sa-00329\/\">promite<\/a><\/noindex> s\u0103 emit\u0103 o actualizare a microcodului cu implementarea mecanismelor pentru blocarea problemelor \u00een cel mai scurt timp. Intel men\u021bioneaz\u0103 de asemenea c\u0103 aplicarea metodologiilor de protec\u021bie propuse \u00een 2018 \u00eempotriva atacului <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49134\">L1TF<\/a><\/noindex> (L1 Terminal Fault) permite blocarea exploat\u0103rii vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bii L1DES din medii virtuale. Atacul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/insights\/processors-affected-l1d-eviction-sampling\">sunt expuse<\/a><\/noindex> procesoarele Intel Core, \u00eencep\u00e2nd din a \u0219asea genera\u021bie (Sky, Kaby, Coffee, Whiskey, Amber Lake etc.), precum \u0219i unele modele Intel Xeon \u0219i Xeon Scalable.<\/p>\n<p>apari\u021bia <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/#ridl-nng\">perfectionare<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/vusec\/ridl\/\">exploatului<\/a><\/noindex>, care permite aplicarea metodelor de atac <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/\">RIDL<\/a><\/noindex> pentru determinarea con\u021binutului hash-ului parolei root din \/etc\/shadow \u00een timpul unor \u00eencerc\u0103ri de autentificare periodice. Dac\u0103 ini\u021bial exploatul propus determina hash-ul parolei \u00een <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JXPebaGY8RA\">24 de ore<\/a><\/noindex>, iar dup\u0103 aplicarea scurgerii \u00een timpul function\u0103rii mecanismului de \u00eentrerupere asincron\u0103 a opera\u021biunilor (TAA, TSX Asynchronous Abort) efectua aceea\u0219i opera\u021bie \u00een <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zaTxBZXE9pQ\">36 de secunde<\/a><\/noindex>, noua variant\u0103 efectueaz\u0103 atacul \u00een 4 secunde.<\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"4DQAcCfg3b8\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/4DQAcCfg3b8\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Reda\u021bi video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52260\">opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Intel \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0432 CPU Intel, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0430 L1D (CVE-2020-0549, L1DES &#8212; L1D Eviction Sampling) \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 (CVE-2020-0548, VRS &#8212; Vector Register Sampling). \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 MDS (Microarchitectural Data Sampling) \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445. AMD, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Intel \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0432 CPU Intel, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0430.\" \/>\n\t<meta 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