{"id":71069,"date":"2020-02-23T22:07:58","date_gmt":"2020-02-23T19:07:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/chetvertushka-ethernet-a-staraya-skorost-novye-vozmozhnosti"},"modified":"2020-03-03T16:14:34","modified_gmt":"2020-03-03T13:14:34","slug":"chetvertushka-ethernet-a-staraya-skorost-novye-vozmozhnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chetvertushka-ethernet-a-staraya-skorost-novye-vozmozhnosti","title":{"rendered":"Ethernet cu patru porturi: vitez\u0103 veche, oportunit\u0103\u021bi noi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ethernet cu patru porturi: vitez\u0103 veche, oportunit\u0103\u021bi noi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/d10d96c9523f873599b9e858dfb50ce7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPe 5 februarie a acestui an a fost aprobat un nou standard pentru Ethernet de 10 megabi\u021bi. Da, a\u021bi citit bine: zece megabi\u021bi pe secund\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>De ce este nevoie de o vitez\u0103 at\u00e2t de \u201emic\u0103\u201d \u00een secolul 21? Pentru a \u00eenlocui acel haos care se ascunde sub denumirea cuprinz\u0103toare \u201ebus de c\u00e2mp\u201d \u2014 Profibus, Modbus, CC-Link, CAN, FlexRay, HART etc. Sunt prea multe, nu sunt compatibile \u00eentre ele \u0219i sunt relativ complicate de configurat. Ar fi mai simplu s\u0103 porne\u0219ti un cablu \u00een comutator \u0219i s\u0103 func\u021bioneze, ca un Ethernet obi\u0219nuit.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u0218i cur\u00e2nd acest lucru va deveni posibil! V\u0103 prezent\u0103m: \u201e802.3cg-2019 \u2014 Standardul IEEE pentru Ethernet \u2014 Amendamentul 5: Specifica\u021bii ale stratului fizic \u0219i parametrii de gestionare pentru operarea la 10 Mb\/s \u0219i livrarea de putere asociat\u0103 printr-o singur\u0103 pereche echilibrat\u0103 de conductori\u201d. <\/p>\n<p>Ce este interesant la acest nou Ethernet? \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe o singur\u0103 pereche r\u0103sucit\u0103, nu pe patru. Prin urmare, are conectori mai mici \u0219i cabluri mai sub\u021biri. \u0218i se poate folosi deja perechea r\u0103sucit\u0103 existent\u0103, care duce la senzori \u0219i actuatori.<\/p>\n<p>Pute\u021bi obiecta c\u0103 Ethernet func\u021bioneaz\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 100 de metri, iar senzorii sunt amplasa\u021bi mult mai departe. Adev\u0103rat, aceasta a fost anterior o problem\u0103. Dar 802.3cg func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe distan\u021be de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1 km! Pe o singur\u0103 pereche! Nu-i r\u0103u? <\/p>\n<p>De fapt, este chiar mai bine: pe aceast\u0103 pereche se poate furniza \u0219i alimentare electric\u0103. A\u0219adar, s\u0103 \u00eencepem cu asta.<\/p>\n<h3>IEEE 802.3bu Puterea pe linii de date (PoDL)<\/h3>\n<p>\nCred c\u0103 mul\u021bi dintre voi a\u021bi auzit de PoE (Power over Ethernet) \u0219i \u0219ti\u021bi c\u0103 pentru a transmite alimentare sunt necesare 2 perechi de conductori. Intrarea\/ie\u0219irea de alimentare se realizeaz\u0103 \u00een punctele mediane ale transformatoarelor fiec\u0103rei perechi. Folosind o singur\u0103 pereche, acest lucru nu este posibil. De aceea a fost nevoie s\u0103 se fac\u0103 altfel. Cum exact, este ilustrat \u00een desenul de mai jos. Ca exemplu, este inclus \u0219i PoE clasic.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ethernet cu patru porturi: vitez\u0103 veche, oportunit\u0103\u021bi noi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/bb89378da53efb0a9bbf0a9edf583155.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAici:<br \/>\nPSE \u2013 echipament de surs\u0103 de putere<br \/>\nPD \u2013 dispozitiv alimentat (dispozitivul de la cap\u0103tul \u00eendep\u0103rtat, care consum\u0103 electricitate)<\/p>\n<p>Ini\u021bial, 802.3bu avea 10 clase de alimentare:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ethernet cu patru porturi: vitez\u0103 veche, oportunit\u0103\u021bi noi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/5d089748498a37f5ae75cc0b8629dc42.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nCuloarea eviden\u021biaz\u0103 trei clasific\u0103ri conven\u021bionale ale tensiunii sursei: 12, 24 \u0219i 48V.<\/p>\n<p>Not\u0103ri:<br \/>\nVpse \u2014 tensiunea sursei de alimentare, V<br \/>\nVpd min \u2014 tensiunea minim\u0103 pe PD, V<br \/>\nI max \u2014 curentul maxim \u00een linie, A<br \/>\nPpd max \u2014 puterea maxim\u0103 consumat\u0103 de PD, W<\/p>\n<p>Odat\u0103 cu apari\u021bia protocolului 802.3cg, au fost ad\u0103ugat \u00eenc\u0103 6 clase:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ethernet cu patru porturi: vitez\u0103 veche, oportunit\u0103\u021bi noi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/cb2677254d132ad27c4daf06489795ea.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDesigur, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere varietatea, PSE \u0219i PD trebuie s\u0103 conveneasc\u0103 asupra clasei de alimentare \u00eenainte de a aplica tensiunea complet\u0103. Acest lucru se face prin intermediul SCCP (Serial Communications Classification Protocol). Este un protocol de vitez\u0103 redus\u0103 (333 bit\/s), bazat pe 1-Wire. Func\u021bioneaz\u0103 doar atunci c\u00e2nd nu exist\u0103 alimentare principal\u0103 pe linie (inclusiv \u00een modul de repaus).<\/p>\n<p>Diagram\u0103 bloc ilustreaz\u0103 modul \u00een care se face alimentarea:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>se aplic\u0103 un curent de 10mA \u0219i se verific\u0103 prezen\u021ba unui stabilizator de 4V la cap\u0103tul cel\u0103lalt<\/li>\n<li>se realizeaz\u0103 conven\u021bia clasei de alimentare<\/li>\n<li>se aplic\u0103 alimentarea principal\u0103<\/li>\n<li>dac\u0103 consumul scade sub 10mA \u2013 se activeaz\u0103 modul de repaus (aplicarea aliment\u0103rii de rezerv\u0103 de 3.3V)<\/li>\n<li>dac\u0103 consumul dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te 1mA \u2013 se iese din modul de repaus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ethernet cu patru porturi: vitez\u0103 veche, oportunit\u0103\u021bi noi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ac282970ea69804211da01c9c6a384b8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nConven\u021bia clasei de alimentare nu este necesar\u0103 dac\u0103 aceasta este cunoscut\u0103 din timp. Aceast\u0103 op\u021biune se nume\u0219te Mod de Pornire Rapid\u0103. Este utilizat\u0103, de exemplu, \u00een automobile, deoarece nu este necesar\u0103 schimbarea configura\u021biei echipamentului conectat.<\/p>\n<p>Ini\u021bierea trecerii \u00een modul de repaus poate fi realizat\u0103 at\u00e2t de PSE, c\u00e2t \u0219i de PD.<\/p>\n<p>Acum s\u0103 trecem la descrierea transmisiei de date. Acolo este de asemenea interesant: standardul define\u0219te dou\u0103 moduri de func\u021bionare - pe distan\u021be lungi \u0219i pe distan\u021be scurte. <\/p>\n<h3>10BASE-T1L<\/h3>\n<p>\nAceasta este o variant\u0103 pentru distan\u021be mari (long reach). Caracteristicile principale sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>distan\u021ba de ac\u021biune \u2013 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1 km<\/li>\n<li>conductor de 18AWG (0.8mm2)<\/li>\n<li>p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10 conectori intermediari (\u0219i dou\u0103 finale)<\/li>\n<li>mod de func\u021bionare punct-la-punct<\/li>\n<li>duplex complet<\/li>\n<li>viteza simbolic\u0103 7.5Mbaud<\/li>\n<li>modula\u021bie PAM-3, codare 4B3T<\/li>\n<li>semnal cu amplitudine de 1V (1Vpp) sau 2.4V<\/li>\n<li>suport pentru Ethernet Eficient Energetic (\u201equiet\/refresh\u201d EEE)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nEste evident c\u0103 aceast\u0103 variant\u0103 este destinat\u0103 utiliz\u0103rilor industriale, sistemelor de control al accesului, automatiz\u0103rii cl\u0103dirilor, lifturilor. Pentru a gestiona chillerele, aerul condi\u021bionat, ventilatoarele localizate pe acoperi\u0219uri. Sau pentru cazanele \u0219i pompele din \u00eenc\u0103perile tehnice. Adic\u0103, o mul\u021bime de aplica\u021bii pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 industrie. Nemaivorbind de internetul lucrurilor (IoT).<\/p>\n<p>Merit\u0103 men\u021bionat c\u0103 10BASE-T1 este doar unul dintre standardele Ethernet cu un singur pereche (SPE). Mai sunt \u0219i 100BASE-T1 (802.3bw) \u0219i 1000BASE-T1 (802.3bp). De fapt, acestea au fost dezvoltate pentru aplica\u021bii auto, de aceea distan\u021ba este de doar 15 (UTP) sau 40 de metri (STP). Cu toate acestea, \u00een planurile viitoare exist\u0103 \u0219i 100BASE-T1L pentru distan\u021be lungi. A\u0219adar, \u00een viitor se va ad\u0103uga auto-convenirea vitezei. <\/p>\n<p>\u00centre timp, acordul nu este folosit \u2013 s-a declarat \u201estartup rapid\u201d al interfe\u021bei: mai pu\u021bin de 100ms de la alimentare la \u00eenceputul schimbului de date.<\/p>\n<p>O alt\u0103 op\u021biune (op\u021bional\u0103) \u2013 cre\u0219terea amplitudinii de transmisie de la 1 la 2.4V pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi raportul semnal\/zgomot, a reduce num\u0103rul de erori, a contracara interferen\u021bele industriale.<\/p>\n<p>\u0218i, desigur, EEE. Acesta este un mod de a economisi electricitate prin deconectarea transmisorului atunci c\u00e2nd nu exist\u0103 date de transmis. Diagrama arat\u0103 cum arat\u0103 aceasta:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ethernet cu patru porturi: vitez\u0103 veche, oportunit\u0103\u021bi noi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/888029d8582e22cb5c5bb39d5f485aa9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nF\u0103r\u0103 date \u2013 trimitem mesajul \u201eam mers s\u0103 dorm\u201d \u0219i ne deconect\u0103m. Ne trezim din c\u00e2nd \u00een c\u00e2nd \u0219i trimitem un mesaj \u201esunt \u00eenc\u0103 aici\u201d. C\u00e2nd apar date, cealalt\u0103 parte prime\u0219te un avertisment \u201em\u0103 trezesc\u201d \u0219i.transferul \u00eencepe. Adic\u0103, doar receptorii func\u021bioneaz\u0103 constant.<\/p>\n<p>Acum s\u0103 vedem ce a fost conceput cu a doua variant\u0103 a standardului.<\/p>\n<h3>10BASE-T1S<\/h3>\n<p>\nDeja din ultima liter\u0103 se \u00een\u021belege c\u0103 acesta este un protocol pentru distan\u021be scurte (short reach). Dar de ce este necesar, dac\u0103 pe distan\u021be scurte \u0219i T1L func\u021bioneaz\u0103? S\u0103 citim specifica\u021biile:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>distan\u021ba de ac\u021biune p\u00e2n\u0103 la 15m \u00een mod punct-la-punct<\/li>\n<li>duplex sau semi-duplex<\/li>\n<li>conductori 24-26AWG (0.2-0.13mm2)<\/li>\n<li>viteza simbolurilor 12.5Mbaud<\/li>\n<li>DME, codificare 4B5B<\/li>\n<li>semnal cu amplitudine de 1V (1Vpp)<\/li>\n<li>p\u00e2n\u0103 la 4 mufe intermediare (\u0219i dou\u0103 finale)<\/li>\n<li>f\u0103r\u0103 suport pentru EEE<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSe pare c\u0103 nu este nimic special. Dar de ce este necesar?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>distan\u021ba de ac\u021biune p\u00e2n\u0103 la 25m \u00een mod multipunct (p\u00e2n\u0103 la 8 noduri)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u0218i pentru aceasta:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>mod de func\u021bionare cu prevenirea coliziunilor PLCA RS (PHY-Level Collision Avoidance Reconciliation Sublayer)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u0218i aceasta este deja mult mai interesant, nu-i a\u0219a? Deoarece ajut\u0103 foarte mult la reducerea num\u0103rului de cabluri din dulapurile de control, ma\u0219ini, robo\u021bi, automobile. \u0218i deja exist\u0103 propuneri de a-l folosi ca \u00eenlocuitor pentru I2C \u00een <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/dts-gdansk\/\"   title=\"servere\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4502\">servere<\/a>, switch-uri \u0219i alte electronice.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ethernet cu patru porturi: vitez\u0103 veche, oportunit\u0103\u021bi noi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/98614d57cc671efc36bee4d3251f8e60.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDar modul multipunct are dezavantaje. Principalul dintre ele \u2013 mediu de transmisie de date \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit. Desigur, coliziunile sunt rezolvate prin CSMA\/CD. Dar nu se \u0219tie care va fi \u00eent\u00e2rzierea \u00een acest caz. \u0218i pentru unele aplica\u021bii, aceasta este critic\u0103. Prin urmare, \u00een noul standard, modul multipunct a fost completat cu un mod special PLCA RS (vezi sec\u021biunea urm\u0103toare).<\/p>\n<p>Al doilea dezavantaj \u2013 \u00een multipunct nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 PoDL. Adic\u0103 alimentarea va trebui s\u0103 fie furnizat\u0103 printr-un cablu separat sau ob\u021binut\u0103 de undeva de la fa\u021ba locului. <\/p>\n<p>Totu\u0219i, \u00een modul punct-punct, PoDL func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u0219i pe T1S.<\/p>\n<h3>PLCA RS<\/h3>\n<p>\nAcest mod func\u021bioneaz\u0103 astfel:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>nodurile \u00ee\u0219i distribuie identit\u0103\u021bile, nodul cu ID=0 devine coordonator<\/li>\n<li>coordonatorul emite un semnal BEACON \u00een re\u021bea, semnific\u00e2nd \u00eenceputul unui nou ciclu de transmisie \u0219i transmite pachetul s\u0103u de date<\/li>\n<li>dup\u0103 transmiterea pachetului de date, coada pentru transmitere trece la urm\u0103torul nod<\/li>\n<li>dac\u0103 \u00een timpul necesar pentru a transmite 20 de bi\u021bi nodul nu a \u00eenceput transmiterea, coada trece la urm\u0103torul nod<\/li>\n<li>c\u00e2nd toate nodurile au transmis datele (sau \u0219i-au s\u0103rit r\u00e2ndul), coordonatorul \u00eencepe un nou ciclu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u00cen general, aceasta seam\u0103n\u0103 cu TDMA. Dar cu particularitatea c\u0103 nodul nu \u00ee\u0219i folose\u0219te perioada de timp dac\u0103 nu are nimic de transmis. \u0218i m\u0103rimea cadrelor nu este fix definit\u0103, deoarece depinde de dimensiunea pachetului de date transmis de nod. \u0218i totul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 deasupra cadrelor standard Ethernet 802.3 (PLCA RS nu este obligatoriu, deci trebuie s\u0103 existe compatibilitate).<\/p>\n<p>Rezultatul utiliz\u0103rii PLCA \u2013 este prezentat mai jos \u00een grafice. Primul \u2013 \u00eent\u00e2rzierea \u00een func\u021bie de \u00eenc\u0103rcare, al doilea \u2013 l\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de num\u0103rul de noduri transmit\u0103toare. Se observ\u0103 clar c\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2rzierea a devenit mult mai previzibil\u0103. \u0218i \u00een cel mai r\u0103u caz este cu 2 ordine mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t \u00een cel mai r\u0103u caz CSMA\/CD:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ethernet cu patru porturi: vitez\u0103 veche, oportunit\u0103\u021bi noi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/62bd8e271e7d882095281b37f63d8426.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u0218i l\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 a canalului \u00een cazul PLCA este mai mare, deoarece nu se consum\u0103 pentru a rezolva coliziunile:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ethernet cu patru porturi: vitez\u0103 veche, oportunit\u0103\u021bi noi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/b66a9bb8836a6d8d9aa0b21d1136f186.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Conectori<\/h3>\n<p>\nIni\u021bial, am ales dintre 6 op\u021biuni de conectori propuse de diferite firme. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, ne-am oprit asupra acestor dou\u0103 variante: <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ethernet cu patru porturi: vitez\u0103 veche, oportunit\u0103\u021bi noi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/0edb52b01e5d082069a10d46a57cd540.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPentru condi\u021bii de operare normale, a fost ales conectorul LC IEC 63171-1 de la CommScope. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ethernet cu patru porturi: vitez\u0103 veche, oportunit\u0103\u021bi noi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/a4b8c60e1ffbb0008973a0c5fe1d8dca.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPentru condi\u021bii de operare dure \u2013 familia de conectori IEC 63171-6 (fostul 61076-3-125) de la HARTING. Ace\u0219ti conectori sunt proiecta\u021bi pentru grade de protec\u021bie de la IP20 la IP67.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ethernet cu patru porturi: vitez\u0103 veche, oportunit\u0103\u021bi noi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/88150dd0f844444ab76d6c3f394658f0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDesigur, conectorii \u0219i cablurile pot fi at\u00e2t UTP, c\u00e2t \u0219i STP. <\/p>\n<h3>Altele<\/h3>\n<p>\nSe poate utiliza un cablu Ethernet obi\u0219nuit cu patru perechi, folosind fiecare pereche pentru un canal SPE separat. Pentru a nu trasa patru cabluri separate \u00een direc\u021bii diferite. Sau se poate folosi un cablu mono-pereche, iar la cap\u0103tul \u00eendep\u0103rtat se poate monta un switch de Ethernet mono-pereche. <\/p>\n<p>Se poate conecta acest switch direct la re\u021beaua local\u0103 a \u00eentreprinderii, dac\u0103 o re\u021bea pe fibr\u0103 optic\u0103 este deja \u00eentins\u0103 spre cele \u00eendep\u0103rtate. Po\u021bi conecta senzori la el acolo \u0219i vizualiza citirile aici. Direct prin re\u021bea. F\u0103r\u0103 convertizoare de interfa\u021b\u0103 \u0219i gateways. <\/p>\n<p>\u0218i nu trebuie neap\u0103rat s\u0103 fie senzori. Pot fi camere video, interfoane sau becuri \u201einteligente\u201d. Ac\u021bionatoare pentru anumite supape sau turnichete la intr\u0103ri.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0219adar, se deschid perspective interesante. Desigur, nu este probabil c\u0103 SPE va \u00eenlocui toate magistralele de c\u00e2mp. Dar va lua o parte semnificativ\u0103 din ele. Cu siguran\u021b\u0103 \u00een automobile.<\/p>\n<p><i>PS Nu am g\u0103sit textul standardului \u00een acces deschis. Informa\u021biile de mai sus au fost adunate pe buc\u0103\u021bi din diferite prezent\u0103ri \u0219i materiale disponibile pe internet. A\u0219adar, pot exista imprecizii \u00een acestea.<\/i><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/489314\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>5 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0451\u043d \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u043d\u0430 10-\u043c\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 Ethernet. \u0414\u0430, \u0432\u044b \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438: \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 21-\u043c \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u00ab\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0430\u044f\u00bb \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c? \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043e\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0451\u043c\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u00bb \u2014 Profibus, Modbus, CC-Link, CAN, FlexRay, HART \u0438 \u0442.\u0434. \u0418\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":71070,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"5 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chetvertushka-ethernet-a-staraya-skorost-novye-vozmozhnosti\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO 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