{"id":72267,"date":"2020-03-03T08:42:20","date_gmt":"2020-03-03T05:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kratkij-obzor-i-nastrojka-kata-containers"},"modified":"2020-03-03T16:13:53","modified_gmt":"2020-03-03T13:13:53","slug":"kratkij-obzor-i-nastrojka-kata-containers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kratkij-obzor-i-nastrojka-kata-containers","title":{"rendered":"Prezentare general\u0103 \u0219i configurarea Kata Containers","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Prezentare general\u0103 \u0219i configurarea Kata Containers\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/b738fcd40af08167446004e481172a7e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u00cen acest articol vom discuta principiul de func\u021bionare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/katacontainers.io\/\">Kata Containers<\/a><\/noindex>, iar apoi va urma o parte practic\u0103 privind conectarea acestora la Docker.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Despre problemele generale cu Docker \u0219i op\u021biunile de solu\u021bionare a acestora s-a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/434756\/\">scris deja<\/a><\/noindex>, ast\u0103zi voi descrie pe scurt implementarea Kata Containers. Kata Containers este un mediu de execu\u021bie sigur pentru containere, bazat pe ma\u0219ini virtuale u\u0219oare. Lucrul cu acestea se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 la fel ca \u0219i cu alte containere, dar ofer\u0103 o izola\u021bie mai robust\u0103 folosind tehnologia de virtualizare a hardware-ului. Proiectul a \u00eenceput \u00een 2017, iar comunitatea omonim\u0103 a finalizat atunci fuziunea celor mai bune idei de la Intel Clear Containers \u0219i Hyper.sh RunV, dup\u0103 care s-au continuat lucr\u0103rile pentru suportul diverselor arhitecturi, inclusiv AMD64, ARM, IBM p- \u0219i z-series. De asemenea, se suport\u0103 func\u021bionarea \u00een hiper-vizorii QEMU, Firecracker, \u0219i exist\u0103 integrare cu containerd. Codul este disponibil pe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kata-containers\">GitHub<\/a><\/noindex> sub licen\u021ba MIT.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"osnovnye-vozmozhnosti\">Func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi principale<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lucr\u00e2nd cu un nucleu separat, astfel se asigur\u0103 izolarea re\u021belei, memoriei \u0219i opera\u021biunilor de intrare-ie\u0219ire, exist\u0103 posibilitatea de a for\u021ba utilizarea izol\u0103rii hardware bazate pe extensiile de virtualizare<\/li>\n<li>Suport pentru standarde industriale, inclusiv OCI (formatul containerelor), Kubernetes CRI<\/li>\n<li>Performan\u021b\u0103 stabil\u0103 pentru containerele Linux obi\u0219nuite, sporirea izol\u0103rii f\u0103r\u0103 costuri suplimentare care s\u0103 afecteze performan\u021ba ma\u0219inilor virtuale obi\u0219nuite<\/li>\n<li>Eliminarea necesit\u0103\u021bii de a rula containere \u00een interiorul ma\u0219inilor virtuale complete, interfe\u021bele standardizate simplific\u0103 integrarea \u0219i lansarea<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ustanovka\">Instalare<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kata-containers\/documentation\/tree\/master\/install\">o mul\u021bime<\/a><\/noindex> In ceea ce prive\u0219te op\u021biunile de instalare, voi analiza instalarea din repozitorii, pe baza sistemului de operare Centos 7.<br \/>\n<strong>Este important<\/strong>: func\u021bionarea Kata Containers este suportat\u0103 doar pe hardware, iar trecerea virtualiz\u0103rii nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna, de asemenea <strong>este nevoie de suport sse4.1<\/strong> de la procesor.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Instalarea Kata Containers este suficient de simpl\u0103:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Instal\u0103m utilitarele necesare pentru lucrul cu repozitoriile:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># yum -y install yum-utils<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dezactiv\u0103m Selinux (mai corect ar fi s\u0103-l configur\u0103m, \u00eens\u0103 pentru simplitate \u00eel dezactivez):<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># setenforce 0\n# sed -i 's\/^SELINUX=enforcing$\/SELINUX=permissive\/' \/etc\/selinux\/config<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Conect\u0103m repozitoriul \u0219i efectu\u0103m instalarea<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># source \/etc\/os-release\n# ARCH=$(arch)\n# BRANCH=&quot;${BRANCH:-stable-1.10}&quot;\n# yum-config-manager --add-repo &quot;http:\/\/download.opensuse.org\/repositories\/home:\/katacontainers:\/releases:\/${ARCH}:\/${BRANCH}\/CentOS_${VERSION_ID}\/home:katacontainers:releases:${ARCH}:${BRANCH}.repo&quot;\n# yum -y install kata-runtime kata-proxy kata-shim<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"nastroyka\">Configurare<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Voi efectua configurarea pentru a lucra cu Docker, instalarea acestuia este standard, nu o voi detalia mai mult:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># rpm -qa | grep docker\ndocker-ce-cli-19.03.6-3.el7.x86_64\ndocker-ce-19.03.6-3.el7.x86_64\n# docker -v\nDocker version 19.03.6, build 369ce74a3c<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Facem modific\u0103ri \u00een daemon.json:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># cat &lt;&lt;EOF &gt; \/etc\/docker\/daemon.json\n{\n  &quot;default-runtime&quot;: &quot;kata-runtime&quot;,\n  &quot;runtimes&quot;: {\n    &quot;kata-runtime&quot;: {\n      &quot;path&quot;: &quot;\/usr\/bin\/kata-runtime&quot;\n    }\n  }\n}\nEOF<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Repornim Docker:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># service docker restart<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"proverka-rabotosposobnosti\">Verificarea func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 lans\u0103m un container \u00eenainte de repornirea Docker, putem observa c\u0103 uname va returna versiunea nucleului care ruleaz\u0103 pe sistemul principal:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># docker run busybox uname -a\nLinux 19efd7188d06 3.10.0-1062.12.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Feb 4 23:02:59 UTC 2020 x86_64 GNU\/Linux<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 repornire, versiunea nucleului arat\u0103 astfel:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># docker run busybox uname -a\nLinux 9dd1f30fe9d4 4.19.86-5.container #1 SMP Sat Feb 22 01:53:14 UTC 2020 x86_64 GNU\/Linux<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">\u00cenc\u0103 comenzi!<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># time docker run busybox mount\nkataShared on \/ type 9p (rw,dirsync,nodev,relatime,mmap,access=client,trans=virtio)\nproc on \/proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)\ntmpfs on \/dev type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,size=65536k,mode=755)\ndevpts on \/dev\/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=666)\nsysfs on \/sys type sysfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)\ntmpfs on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=755)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/systemd type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,name=systemd)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/blkio type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/memory type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/devices type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/perf_event type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/freezer type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/pids type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpuset type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)\nmqueue on \/dev\/mqueue type mqueue (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)\nshm on \/dev\/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=65536k)\nkataShared on \/etc\/resolv.conf type 9p (rw,dirsync,nodev,relatime,mmap,access=client,trans=virtio)\nkataShared on \/etc\/hostname type 9p (rw,dirsync,nodev,relatime,mmap,access=client,trans=virtio)\nkataShared on \/etc\/hosts type 9p (rw,dirsync,nodev,relatime,mmap,access=client,trans=virtio)\nproc on \/proc\/bus type proc (ro,relatime)\nproc on \/proc\/fs type proc (ro,relatime)\nproc on \/proc\/irq type proc (ro,relatime)\nproc on \/proc\/sys type proc (ro,relatime)\ntmpfs on \/proc\/acpi type tmpfs (ro,relatime)\ntmpfs on \/proc\/timer_list type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,size=65536k,mode=755)\ntmpfs on \/sys\/firmware type tmpfs (ro,relatime)\n\nreal    0m2.381s\nuser    0m0.066s\nsys 0m0.039s<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># time docker run busybox free -m\n              total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available\nMem:           1993          30        1962           0           1        1946\nSwap:             0           0           0\n\nreal    0m3.297s\nuser    0m0.086s\nsys 0m0.050s<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"bystroe-nagruzochnoe-testirovanie\">Testare rapid\u0103 a \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pentru a evalua pierderile din virtualizare \u2014 rulez sysbench, ca exemple principale <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/r\/ljishen\/sysbench\">iau aceast\u0103 variant\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"zapusk-sysbench-s-ispolzovaniem-dockercontainerd\">Rularea sysbench cu utilizarea Docker+containerd<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Test al procesorului<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">sysbench 1.0:  benchmark de evaluare a sistemului multi-threaded\n\nRul\u00e2nd testul cu urm\u0103toarele op\u021biuni:\nNum\u0103rul de thread-uri: 1\nIni\u021bializarea generatorului de numere aleatorii din timpul curent\n\nLimita numerelor prime: 20000\n\nIni\u021bializarea thread-urilor de lucru...\n\nThread-urile au fost pornite!\n\nStatistici generale:\n    timpul total:                          36.7335s\n    num\u0103rul total de evenimente:              10000\n    timpul total necesar execu\u021biei evenimentului: 36.7173s\n    timpul de r\u0103spuns:\n         min:                                  3.43ms\n         mediu:                                  3.67ms\n         max:                                  8.34ms\n         aproximativ  95 percentil:               3.79ms\n\nCorectitudinea thread-urilor:\n    evenimente (medie\/devia\u021bie standard):           10000.0000\/0.00\n    timpul de execu\u021bie (medie\/devia\u021bie standard):   36.7173\/0.00<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Test al memoriei RAM<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">sysbench 1.0:  benchmark de evaluare a sistemului multi-threaded\n\nRul\u00e2nd testul cu urm\u0103toarele op\u021biuni:\nNum\u0103rul de thread-uri: 1\nIni\u021bializarea generatorului de numere aleatorii din timpul curent\n\nIni\u021bializarea thread-urilor de lucru...\n\nThread-urile au fost pornite!\n\nOpera\u021bii efectuate: 104857600 (2172673.64 ops\/sec)\n\n102400.00 MiB transferate (2121.75 MiB\/sec)\n\nStatistici generale:\n    timpul total:                          48.2620s\n    num\u0103rul total de evenimente:              104857600\n    timpul total necesar execu\u021biei evenimentului: 17.4161s\n    timpul de r\u0103spuns:\n         min:                                  0.00ms\n         mediu:                                  0.00ms\n         max:                                  0.17ms\n         aproximativ  95 percentil:               0.00ms\n\nCorectitudinea thread-urilor:\n    evenimente (medie\/devia\u021bie standard):           104857600.0000\/0.00\n    timpul de execu\u021bie (medie\/devia\u021bie standard):   17.4161\/0.00<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"zapusk-sysbench-s-ispolzovaniem-dockerkata-containers\">Rularea sysbench cu utilizarea Docker+Kata Containers<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Test al procesorului<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">sysbench 1.0:  benchmark de evaluare a sistemului multi-threaded\n\nRul\u00e2nd testul cu urm\u0103toarele op\u021biuni:\nNum\u0103rul de thread-uri: 1\nIni\u021bializarea generatorului de numere aleatorii din timpul curent\n\nLimita numerelor prime: 20000\n\nIni\u021bializarea thread-urilor de lucru...\n\nThread-urile au fost pornite!\n\nStatistici generale:\n    timpul total:                          36.5747s\n    num\u0103rul total de evenimente:              10000\n    timpul total necesar execu\u021biei evenimentului: 36.5594s\n    timpul de r\u0103spuns:\n         min:                                  3.43ms\n         mediu:                                  3.66ms\n         max:                                  4.93ms\n         aproximativ  95 percentil:               3.77ms\n\nCorectitudinea thread-urilor:\n    evenimente (medie\/devia\u021bie standard):           10000.0000\/0.00\n    timpul de execu\u021bie (medie\/devia\u021bie standard):   36.5594\/0.00<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Test al memoriei RAM<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">sysbench 1.0:  benchmark de evaluare a sistemului multi-threaded\n\nRul\u00e2nd testul cu urm\u0103toarele op\u021biuni:\nNum\u0103rul de thread-uri: 1\nIni\u021bializarea generatorului de numere aleatorii din timpul curent\n\nIni\u021bializarea thread-urilor de lucru...\n\nThread-urile au fost pornite!\n\nOpera\u021bii efectuate: 104857600 (2450366.94 ops\/sec)\n\n102400.00 MiB transferate (2392.94 MiB\/sec)\n\nStatistici generale:\n    timpul total:                          42.7926s\n    num\u0103rul total de evenimente:              104857600\n    timpul total necesar execu\u021biei evenimentului: 16.1512s\n    timpul de r\u0103spuns:\n         min:                                  0.00ms\n         mediu:                                  0.00ms\n         max:                                  0.43ms\n         aproximativ  95 percentil:               0.00ms\n\nCorectitudinea thread-urilor:\n    evenimente (medie\/devia\u021bie standard):           104857600.0000\/0.00\n    timpul de execu\u021bie (medie\/devia\u021bie standard):   16.1512\/0.00<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen principiu, situa\u021bia este deja clar\u0103, dar este mai optim s\u0103 rul\u0103m testele de mai multe ori, elimin\u00e2nd valorile anormale \u0219i medind rezultatele, a\u0219a c\u0103 nu mai fac alte teste deocamdat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vyvody\">Conclusions<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>De\u0219i pornirea acestor containere dureaz\u0103 de aproximativ cinci p\u00e2n\u0103 la zece ori mai mult timp (timpul tipic de pornire pentru comenzi similare folosind containerd este de mai pu\u021bin de o treime de secund\u0103) \u2014 ele func\u021bioneaz\u0103 totu\u0219i suficient de repede, dac\u0103 ne raport\u0103m la timpul absolut de pornire (mai sus sunt exemple, comenzile se execut\u0103 \u00een medie \u00een trei secunde). Iar rezultatele testului rapid pentru CPU \u0219i RAM arat\u0103 rezultate practic identice, ceea ce nu poate dec\u00e2t s\u0103 ne bucure, mai ales av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 izola\u021bia este asigurat\u0103 printr-un mecanism bine testat, cum ar fi kvm.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"anons\">Anun\u021b<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Articolul este unul de tip revist\u0103, dar ofer\u0103 ocazia de a testa un runtime alternativ. Multe domenii de aplicare nu sunt acoperite, de exemplu, pe site este descris\u0103 posibilitatea de a rula Kubernetes deasupra Kata Containers. De asemenea, se pot efectua o serie de teste orientate spre identificarea problemelor de securitate, stabilirea unor limite \u0219i alte aspecte interesante.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Cer tuturor celor care au citit sau s-au s\u0103turat s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 la sondajul de opinie, de la care depind publica\u021biile viitoare pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103.<\/p>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Numai utilizatorii \u00eenregistra\u021bi pot participa la sondaj. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">Conecta\u021bi-v\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>, v\u0103 rug\u0103m.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Ar trebui s\u0103 continui s\u0103 public articole despre Kata Containers?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"poll-result\">\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent  poll-result__data-percent_winner\">80,0%<\/strong>Da, scrie \u0219i mai multe!28<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">20,0%<\/strong>Nu, nu ar trebui\u20267<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    Au votat 35 de utilizatori. S-au ab\u021binut 7 utilizatori.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/489940\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b Kata Containers, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a Docker. \u041f\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 Docker \u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0442 Kata Containers. Kata Containers \u2014 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (runtime) \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":72268,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-72267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- 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