{"id":72966,"date":"2020-03-06T08:42:03","date_gmt":"2020-03-06T05:42:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-takoe-windows-powershell-i-s-chem-ego-edyat-chast-1-osnovnye-vozmozhnosti"},"modified":"2020-03-06T08:42:03","modified_gmt":"2020-03-06T05:42:03","slug":"chto-takoe-windows-powershell-i-s-chem-ego-edyat-chast-1-osnovnye-vozmozhnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-takoe-windows-powershell-i-s-chem-ego-edyat-chast-1-osnovnye-vozmozhnosti","title":{"rendered":"Ce este Windows PowerShell \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te? Partea 1: func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>Istoric, utilitarele din linia de comand\u0103 \u00een sistemele Unix s-au dezvoltat mai bine dec\u00e2t \u00een Windows, \u00eens\u0103 odat\u0103 cu apari\u021bia unei noi solu\u021bii, situa\u021bia s-a schimbat.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Windows PowerShell permite administratorilor de sistem s\u0103 automatizeze majoritatea sarcinilor de rutin\u0103. Cu ajutorul s\u0103u, este posibil s\u0103 se schimbe configur\u0103rile, s\u0103 se opreasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 se porneasc\u0103 servicii, precum \u0219i s\u0103 se efectueze \u00eentre\u021binerea majorit\u0103\u021bii aplica\u021biilor instalate. A percepe fereastra albastr\u0103 ca pe un alt interpret de comenzi ar fi gre\u0219it. Aceast\u0103 abordare nu reflect\u0103 esen\u021ba inova\u021biilor propuse de Microsoft. De fapt, capabilit\u0103\u021bile Windows PowerShell sunt mult mai ample: \u00een cadrul unei serii de articole, vom \u00eencerca s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem \u00een ce const\u0103 diferen\u021ba dintre solu\u021bia Microsoft \u0219i instrumentele mai familiari nou\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/487876\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ce este Windows PowerShell \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te? Partea 1: func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/57911997d520dd5eeef9d87ddcecb125.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi principale\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>\nDesigur, Windows PowerShell este, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, o interfa\u021b\u0103 de command\u0103 cu un limbaj de scripturi, ini\u021bial creat pe baza platformei .NET Framework, iar apoi \u2014 pe .NET Core. Spre deosebire de interfe\u021bele care accept\u0103 \u0219i returneaz\u0103 date textuale, Windows PowerShell lucreaz\u0103 cu clase .NET, care au propriet\u0103\u021bi \u0219i metode. PowerShell permite executarea de comenzi obi\u0219nuite, precum \u0219i accesul la obiecte COM, WMI \u0219i ADSI. Folose\u0219te diferite stoc\u0103ri, cum ar fi sistemul de fi\u0219iere sau registrul Windows, pentru a accesa care au fost create a\u0219a-numitele furnizori. Merit\u0103 men\u021bionat c\u0103 PowerShell permite \u00eencorporarea componentelor executabile \u00een alte aplica\u021bii pentru a realiza diverse opera\u021bii, inclusiv prin intermediul interfe\u021bei grafice. Este valabil \u0219i invers: multe aplica\u021bii pentru Windows ofer\u0103 acces la interfe\u021bele lor de management prin PowerShell.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Windows PowerShell permite:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Schimbarea configur\u0103rilor sistemului de operare;<\/li>\n<li>Gestionarea serviciilor \u0219i proceselor;<\/li>\n<li>Configurarea rolurilor \u0219i componentelor serverului;<\/li>\n<li>Instalarea software-ului;<\/li>\n<li>Gestionarea software-ului instalat prin interfe\u021be specializate;<\/li>\n<li>\u00cencadrerea componentelor executabile \u00een aplica\u021bii externe;<\/li>\n<li>Crearea de scripturi pentru automatizarea sarcinilor de administrare;<\/li>\n<li>Lucrul cu sistemul de fi\u0219iere, registrul Windows, magazinul de certificate etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Interfa\u021ba \u0219i mediul de dezvoltare<\/h2>\n<p>\nExist\u0103 Windows PowerShell \u00een dou\u0103 forme: pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 emulatorul de consol\u0103 cu terminalul de comand\u0103, exist\u0103 \u0219i un mediu integrat de scripting (Integrated Scripting Environment - ISE). Pentru a accesa interfa\u021ba liniei de comand\u0103, este suficient s\u0103 selecta\u021bi pictograma corespunz\u0103toare din meniul Windows sau s\u0103 executa\u021bi powershell.exe din meniul \u201eRulare\u201d. Pe ecran va ap\u0103rea o fereastr\u0103 albastr\u0103, vizibil diferit\u0103 \u00een capacitate fa\u021b\u0103 de vechiul cmd.exe. Acolo exist\u0103 completare automat\u0103 \u0219i alte func\u021bii familiare utilizatorilor terminalelor Unix.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ce este Windows PowerShell \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te? Partea 1: func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2b2d6fa0a82530ddedc7c106160a883e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Pentru a lucra cu shell-ul, trebuie s\u0103 memora\u021bi anumite combina\u021bii de taste:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u0103ge\u021bile sus \u0219i jos deruleaz\u0103 istoricul pentru a repeta comenzile anterioare;<\/li>\n<li>S\u0103geata dreapta la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul liniei reintroduce anteriora comand\u0103 caracter cu caracter;<\/li>\n<li>Ctrl+Home \u0219terge textul introdus din pozi\u021bia cursorului p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eenceputul liniei;<\/li>\n<li>Ctrl+End \u0219terge textul de la cursor p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul liniei.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nF7 afi\u0219eaz\u0103 o fereastr\u0103 cu comenzile introduse \u0219i permite selectarea uneia dintre ele. \u00cen consol\u0103, de asemenea, func\u021bioneaz\u0103 selec\u021bia de text cu mouse-ul, copierea \u0219i lipirea, pozi\u021bionarea cursorului, \u0219tergerea, backspace - totul a\u0219a cum ne place.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ce este Windows PowerShell \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te? Partea 1: func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/217b3584c4ffbbfaea8f4fcd97512505.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nWindows PowerShell ISE este un mediu complet de dezvoltare cu un editor de cod care suport\u0103 tab-uri \u0219i eviden\u021bierea sintaxei, un constructor de comenzi, un debugger \u00eencorporat \u0219i alte bucurii pentru programatori. Dac\u0103 \u00een editorul mediului de dezvoltare, dup\u0103 numele comenzii, scrie\u021bi semnul minus, ve\u021bi ob\u021bine \u00een lista derulant\u0103 toate parametrele disponibile cu indica\u021bia tipului. PowerShell ISE poate fi lansat fie printr-o scurt\u0103tur\u0103 din meniul sistemului, fie prin intermediul fi\u0219ierului executabil powershell_ise.exe.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ce este Windows PowerShell \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te? Partea 1: func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/f80df64ede3d89759757c87709d62155.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Comandlet-uri\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00cen Windows PowerShell au ap\u0103rut a\u0219a-numitele cmdlets. Acestea sunt clase specializate .NET, care includ o varietate de func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi. Ele sunt denumite dup\u0103 principiul \u201eAc\u021biune-Obiect\u201d (sau \u201eVerbul-Substantiv\u201d, dac\u0103 prefera\u021bi), iar leg\u0103tura separat\u0103 printr-un cratim\u0103 aminte\u0219te de predicatul \u0219i subiectul din propozi\u021biile limbilor naturale. De exemplu, Get-Help \u00eenseamn\u0103 literal \u201eOb\u021bine-Asisten\u021b\u0103\u201d sau, \u00een contextul PowerShell: \u201eAfi\u0219eaz\u0103-Suportul\u201d. Practic, aceasta este echivalentul comenzii man \u00een sistemele Unix, iar manualele \u00een PowerShell trebuie solicitate exact a\u0219a, nu invoc\u00e2nd cmdlets cu cheia &#8212;help sau \\\/?. Nu trebuie s\u0103 uit\u0103m nici de documenta\u021bia online pentru PowerShell: cea de la Microsoft este destul de detaliat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 Get, \u00een cmdlet-uri se folosesc \u0219i al\u021bi verbi (\u0219i nu doar verbe, strict vorbind). \u00cen lista de mai jos v\u0103 vom oferi c\u00e2teva exemple:<\/p>\n<p><code>Adaug\u0103<\/code> \u2014 ad\u0103uga;<br \/>\n<code>Clear<\/code> \u2014 cur\u0103\u021ba;<br \/>\n<code>Activare<\/code> \u2014 activa;<br \/>\n<code>Disable<\/code> \u2014 dezactiva;<br \/>\n<code>Nou<\/code> \u2014 crea;<br \/>\n<code>Remove<\/code> \u2014 elimina;<br \/>\n<code>Set<\/code> \u2014 seta;<br \/>\n<code>Start<\/code> \u2014 lansa;<br \/>\n<code>Stop<\/code> \u2014 opri;<br \/>\n<code>Export<\/code> \u2014 exporta;<br \/>\n<code>Importa\u021bi<\/code> \u2014 importa.<\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 cmdlet-uri sistem, de utilizator \u0219i op\u021bionale: ca rezultat al execu\u021biei, toate acestea returneaz\u0103 un obiect sau un array de obiecte. Ele nu sunt sensibile la case, adic\u0103 din perspectiva interpret\u0103rii comenzilor nu exist\u0103 nicio diferen\u021b\u0103 \u00eentre Get-Help \u0219i get-help. Separatorul este simbolul \u2018;\u2019, dar trebuie pus doar dac\u0103 se execut\u0103 mai multe cmdlet-uri pe o singur\u0103 linie.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Cmdlet-urile Windows PowerShell sunt grupate \u00een module (NetTCPIP, Hyper-V etc.), iar pentru a c\u0103uta dup\u0103 obiect \u0219i ac\u021biune exist\u0103 cmdlet-ul Get-Command. Pute\u021bi ar\u0103ta ajutorul pentru acesta astfel:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Help Get-Command<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ce este Windows PowerShell \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te? Partea 1: func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/394c5af2fa8183b22403848f07756118.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Implicit, comanda afi\u0219eaz\u0103 un scurt ajutor, dar \u00een cmdlet-uri pot fi transmise parametere (argumente) dup\u0103 cum este necesar. Cu ajutorul lor, pute\u021bi, de exemplu, ob\u021bine ajutor detaliat (parametru -Detailed) sau complet (parametru -Full), precum \u0219i afi\u0219a exemple (parametru -Examples):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Help Get-Command -Examples<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAjutorul \u00een Windows PowerShell se actualizeaz\u0103 cu cmdlet-ul Update-Help. Dac\u0103 linia de comenzi devine prea lung\u0103, argumentele cmdlet-ului pot fi mutate pe linia urm\u0103toare, scriind caracterul de comand\u0103 \u2018`\u2019 \u0219i ap\u0103s\u00e2nd Enter \u2014 simplu a \u00eencheia scrierea comenzii pe o linie \u0219i a continua pe alta nu va func\u021biona.<\/p>\n<p>Mai jos sunt c\u00e2teva exemple de cmdlet-uri comune:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><code>Get-Process<\/code> \u2014 arat\u0103 procesele care ruleaz\u0103 \u00een sistem;<br \/>\n<code>Get-Service<\/code> \u2014 arat\u0103 serviciile \u0219i statusul lor;<br \/>\n<code>Get-Content<\/code> \u2014 afi\u0219eaz\u0103 con\u021binutul unui fi\u0219ier.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru cmdlet-uri frecvent utilizate \u0219i utilitare externe \u00een Windows PowerShell exist\u0103 aliasuri (din englez\u0103: Alias). De exemplu, dir \u2014 alias pentru Get-ChildItem. Exist\u0103 \u00een lista aliasurilor \u0219i echivalente ale comenzilor din sistemele Unix (ls, ps etc.), iar cmdlet-ul Get-Help este accesat cu comanda help. Lista complet\u0103 a aliasurilor poate fi vizualizat\u0103 folosind cmdlet-ul Get-Alias:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ce este Windows PowerShell \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te? Partea 1: func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/94f8cf9fd6c346e5b250d994ef1f7661.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Scripting, func\u021bii, module \u0219i limbaj PowerShell<\/h2>\n<p>\nScripturile Windows PowerShell sunt stocate sub form\u0103 de fi\u0219iere text obi\u0219nuite cu extensia .ps1. Nu le po\u021bi rula cu un clic dublu: trebuie s\u0103 deschizi meniul contextual cu clic dreapta \u0219i s\u0103 alegi op\u021biunea \u201eRula\u021bi \u00een PowerShell\u201d. Din consol\u0103, trebuie fie s\u0103 specifici calea complet\u0103 c\u0103tre script, fie s\u0103 navighezi \u00een directorul corespunz\u0103tor \u0219i s\u0103 scrii numele fi\u0219ierului. Executarea scripturilor este, de asemenea, restric\u021bionat\u0103 de politica de sistem, iar pentru a verifica set\u0103rile curente, po\u021bi folosi cmdlet-ul Get-ExecutionPolicy, care va returna una dintre urm\u0103toarele valori: <\/p>\n<p><code>Restricted<\/code> \u2014 executarea scripturilor este interzis\u0103 (implicit);<br \/>\n<code>AllSigned<\/code> \u2014 este permis\u0103 doar executarea scripturilor semnate de un dezvoltator de \u00eencredere;<br \/>\n<code>RemoteSigned<\/code> \u2014 se permite executarea scripturilor semnate \u0219i a celor proprii;<br \/>\n<code>Unrestricted<\/code> \u2014 se permite executarea oric\u0103ror scripturi.<\/p>\n<p>Administratorul are dou\u0103 op\u021biuni. Cea mai sigur\u0103 implic\u0103 semnarea scripturilor, dar aceasta este o sarcin\u0103 destul de complex\u0103 \u2014 ne vom ocupa de asta \u00een articolele urm\u0103toare. Acum, vom urma calea cea mai simpl\u0103 \u0219i vom schimba politica:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ce este Windows PowerShell \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te? Partea 1: func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/139949e0da3470b866d4b54f3e2a0498.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPowerShell trebuie s\u0103 fie rulat cu privilegii de administrator pentru aceasta, de\u0219i cu ajutorul unei op\u021biuni speciale se poate schimba politica \u0219i pentru utilizatorul curent.<\/p>\n<p>Scripturile sunt scrise \u00eentr-un limbaj de programare orientat pe obiect, a c\u0103rui comenzi sunt denumite \u00een acela\u0219i principiu ca \u0219i cmdlet-urile discutate anterior: \u201eAc\u021biune-Obiect\u201d (\u201eVerb-Substantiv\u201d). Principalul s\u0103u scop este automatizarea sarcinilor de administrare, dar este un limbaj interpretat complet, \u00een care exist\u0103 toate construc\u021biile necesare: ramifica\u021bii condi\u021bionale, bucle, variabile, array-uri, obiecte, gestionarea erorilor etc. Poate fi folosit orice editor de text pentru scrierea scripturilor, dar cel mai convenabil este s\u0103 lansa\u021bi Windows PowerShell ISE.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u021bi transmite parametrii \u00een script, s\u0103-i faci obligatorii \u0219i, de asemenea, s\u0103 setezi valori implicite. \u00cen plus, Windows PowerShell permite crearea de func\u021bii \u0219i apelarea acestora exact ca \u0219i cmdlet-urile: pentru aceasta se folose\u0219te construc\u021bia Function \u0219i acoladele. Un script cu func\u021bii se nume\u0219te modul \u0219i are extensia .psm1. Modulele trebuie s\u0103 fie stocate \u00een directoarele definite \u00een variabilele de mediu PowerShell. Le po\u021bi vizualiza folosind comanda urm\u0103toare:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-ChildItem Env:PSModulePath | Format-Table -AutoSize<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Conveioarele<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00cen ultimul exemplu, am aplicat o structur\u0103 cunoscut\u0103 utilizatorilor shell-urilor pentru sisteme Unix. \u00cen Windows PowerShell, bara vertical\u0103 permite de asemenea transmiterea ie\u0219irii unei comenzi ca intrare pentru alta, dar \u00een implementarea conveierului exist\u0103 o diferen\u021b\u0103 semnificativ\u0103: aici nu este vorba despre un set de caractere sau un anumit text. Cmdlet-urile \u00eencorporate sau func\u021biile utilizatorului returneaz\u0103 obiecte sau mase de obiecte, \u0219i pot de asemenea s\u0103 le primeasc\u0103 ca intrare. Ca \u00een Bourne shell \u0219i numeroasele sale urm\u0103ri, PowerShell simplific\u0103 realizarea sarcinilor complexe prin intermediul conveierului.<\/p>\n<p>Cel mai simplu exemplu de conveier arat\u0103 astfel:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Service | Sort-Object -property Status<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ce este Windows PowerShell \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te? Partea 1: func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0bb6e0e00d97d23fa2384d40c7419d71.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nMai \u00eent\u00e2i se execut\u0103 cmdlet-ul Get-Service, iar apoi toate serviciile ob\u021binute sunt transmise cmdlet-ului Sort-Object pentru sortare \u00een func\u021bie de proprietatea Status. \u00cen ce argument exact se transmite rezultatul lucr\u0103rii sec\u021biunii anterioare a conveierului depinde de tipul s\u0103u \u2014 de obicei, acesta este InputObject. Aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 va fi discutat\u0103 mai detaliat \u00een articolul dedicat limbajului de programare PowerShell.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 se dore\u0219te, lan\u021bul poate fi continuat \u0219i rezultatul muncii Sort-Object poate fi transmis unui alt cmdlet (acestea vor fi executate de la st\u00e2nga la dreapta). Apropo, utilizatorilor Windows le este disponibil\u0103 \u0219i structura familiar\u0103 tuturor utilizatorilor Unix pentru afi\u0219area paginat\u0103:\u00a0<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Service | Sort-Object -property Status | more<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Executarea sarcinilor \u00een fundal\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>\nAdesea este necesar s\u0103 pornim o anumit\u0103 comand\u0103 \u00een fundal, pentru a nu a\u0219tepta rezultatul execu\u021biei acesteia \u00een sesiunea shell-ului. \u00cen Windows PowerShell exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva cmdlet-uri pentru aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie:<\/p>\n<p><code>Start-Job<\/code> \u2014 pornirea unei sarcini \u00een fundal;<br \/>\n<code>Stop-Job<\/code> \u2014 oprirea unei sarcini \u00een fundal;<br \/>\n<code>Get-Job<\/code> \u2014 vizualizarea listei de sarcini \u00een fundal;<br \/>\n<code>Receive-Job<\/code> \u2014 vizualizarea rezultatului execu\u021biei unei sarcini \u00een fundal;<br \/>\n<code>Remove-Job<\/code> \u2014 eliminarea unei sarcini \u00een fundal;<br \/>\n<code>Wait-Job<\/code> \u2014 readucerea unei sarcini \u00een fundal \u00een consola.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a lansa o sarcin\u0103 \u00een fundal, folosim cmdlet-ul Start-Job \u0219i \u00een acolade specific\u0103m comanda sau setul de comenzi:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Start-Job {Get-Service}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ce este Windows PowerShell \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te? Partea 1: func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0a75c1f4af75e5aec66df909ca4adb70.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nSarcinile \u00een fundal \u00een Windows PowerShell pot fi manipulate cunosc\u00e2nd numele lor. Mai \u00eent\u00e2i s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m s\u0103 le afi\u0219\u0103m:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Job<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ce este Windows PowerShell \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te? Partea 1: func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/664dba26ddcfb54bef79717c86f3c8ec.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nAcum s\u0103 prezent\u0103m rezultatul muncii sarcinii Job1:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Receive-Job Job1 | more<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ce este Windows PowerShell \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te? Partea 1: func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/02d930327929af463cf506f9d90357e6.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nTotul este destul de simplu.<\/p>\n<h2>Executarea comenzii de la distan\u021b\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>\nWindows PowerShell permite executarea comenzilor \u0219i scripturilor nu doar pe un computer local, ci \u0219i pe unul la distan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i chiar pe un grup \u00eentreg de ma\u0219ini. Exist\u0103 mai multe modalit\u0103\u021bi de a face acest lucru:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Multe cmdlet-uri au un parametru <code>-ComputerName<\/code>, dar \u00een acest fel nu se poate, de exemplu, crea un pipe;<\/li>\n<li>Cmdlet-ul <code>Enter-PSSession<\/code> permite crearea unei sesiuni interactive pe un computer la distan\u021b\u0103;\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Prin utilizarea cmdlet-ului <code>Invoke-Command<\/code> se pot executa comenzi sau scripturi pe unul sau mai multe computere la distan\u021b\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Versiunile PowerShell<\/h2>\n<p>\nDe la prima lansare \u00een 2006, PowerShell s-a schimbat semnificativ. Instrumentul este disponibil pentru numeroase sisteme care ruleaz\u0103 pe diferite platforme hardware (x86, x86-64, Itanium, ARM): Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008\/2008 R2, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows RT, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012\/2012 R2, Windows 10, Windows Server 2016, GNU\/Linux \u0219i OS X. Ultima versiune, 6.2, a fost lansat\u0103 pe 10 ianuarie 2018. Scripturile scrise pentru versiunile anterioare vor func\u021biona cu mare probabilitate \u00een versiunile mai recente, dar pot ap\u0103rea probleme \u00een direc\u021bia invers\u0103, deoarece de-a lungul anilor, PowerShell a adus un num\u0103r mare de noi cmdlet-uri. Pentru a afla versiunea interfe\u021bei de linie de comand\u0103 instalate pe computer, se poate folosi proprietatea PSVersion din variabila $PSVersionTable:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">$PSVersionTable.PSVersion<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ce este Windows PowerShell \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te? Partea 1: func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/c2d422d1489f88ef8631ee82cc2f60c8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nDe asemenea, se poate utiliza cmdlet-ul:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">Get-Variable -Name PSVersionTable \u2013ValueOnly<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ce este Windows PowerShell \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te? Partea 1: func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5cffcfe260243235e8f91a6c543191f7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nAcela\u0219i lucru se face \u0219i prin cmdlet-ul Get-Host. De fapt, exist\u0103 numeroase variante, dar pentru a le aplica este necesar s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m limbajul de programare PowerShell, ceea ce vom face \u00een <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/490924\/\"><b>articolul urm\u0103tor<\/b><\/a><\/noindex>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Concluzii\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>\nCompania Microsoft a reu\u0219it s\u0103 creeze un adev\u0103rat shell de comand\u0103 puternic, cu un mediu integrat convenabil pentru dezvoltarea de scripturi. De la instrumentele pe care le cunoa\u0219tem din lumea Unix, se distinge prin integrarea profund\u0103 cu sistemele de operare din familia Windows, precum \u0219i cu software-ul \u0219i platforma .NET Core. PowerShell poate fi numit un shell orientat pe obiect, deoarece cmdlet-urile \u0219i func\u021biile personalizate returneaz\u0103 obiecte sau matrice de obiecte \u0219i pot primi obiecte ca intrare. Credem c\u0103 acest instrument ar trebui s\u0103 fie st\u0103p\u00e2nit de to\u021bi administratorii de servere pe Windows: a trecut vremea c\u00e2nd ace\u0219tia se puteau descurca f\u0103r\u0103 linia de comand\u0103. Un shell avansat de consol\u0103 este deosebit de necesar pe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/marketplace\/servercore#order\">VPS-urile noastre ieftine, care ruleaz\u0103 pe Windows Server Core<\/a><\/noindex>, dar aceasta este o cu totul alt\u0103 poveste.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/#order\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ce este Windows PowerShell \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te? Partea 1: func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0683e52726ae6d7def7206e5974a74b2.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Numai utilizatorii \u00eenregistra\u021bi pot participa la sondaj. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">Conecta\u021bi-v\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>, v\u0103 rug\u0103m.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Ce subiecte ar trebui discutate \u00een primul r\u00e2nd \u00een urm\u0103toarele articole din ciclu?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"poll-result\">\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">53,2%<\/strong>Programare \u00een PowerShell123<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">42,4%<\/strong>Func\u021bii \u0219i module PowerShell98<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">22,1%<\/strong>Cum s\u0103 semnezi propriile scripturi?51<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">12,1%<\/strong>Lucrul cu stoc\u0103ri prin intermediul furnizorilor (providers)28<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent  poll-result__data-percent_winner\">57,6%<\/strong>Automatizarea administr\u0103rii calculatoarelor cu ajutorul PowerShell133<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">30,7%<\/strong>Gestionarea software-ului \u0219i integrarea componentelor executabile PowerShell \u00een produse ter\u021be71<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    Au votat 231 de utilizatori. 37 de utilizatori s-au ab\u021binut.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/487876\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 Unix-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432 Windows, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c. Windows PowerShell \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447. \u0421 \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":72967,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-72966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 Unix-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432 Windows, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c. 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