{"id":74068,"date":"2020-03-14T02:42:21","date_gmt":"2020-03-13T23:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/avr-i-vse-vse-vse-avtomaticheskij-vvod-rezerva-v-data-czentre"},"modified":"2020-03-14T02:42:21","modified_gmt":"2020-03-13T23:42:21","slug":"avr-i-vse-vse-vse-avtomaticheskij-vvod-rezerva-v-data-czentre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/avr-i-vse-vse-vse-avtomaticheskij-vvod-rezerva-v-data-czentre","title":{"rendered":"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen postul anterior despre <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dataline\/blog\/471876\/\">PDU<\/a><\/noindex> am men\u021bionat c\u0103 \u00een unele rack-uri este instalat AVR \u2014 comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103. Dar, de fapt, \u00een Data Center, AVR se instaleaz\u0103 nu doar \u00een rack, ci \u0219i pe tot parcursul electricit\u0103\u021bii. \u00cen diferite locuri, ele \u00eendeplinesc diferite sarcini:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00een tablourile electrice principale (TEP), AVR comut\u0103 sarcina \u00eentre alimentarea din ora\u0219 \u0219i alimentarea de rezerv\u0103 de la grupurile electrogene (GE);\u00a0\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00een sursele de alimentare ne\u00eentreruptibile (UPS), AVR comut\u0103 sarcina de la alimentarea principal\u0103 la bypass (despre aceasta mai jos);\u00a0\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00een rack-uri, AVR comut\u0103 sarcina de la o alimentare la alta \u00een cazul \u00een care apar probleme cu una dintre aliment\u0103ri.\u00a0\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/a2466b2df6759cf0982df39b1b468e4c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>AVR \u00een schema standard de alimentare a centrului de date DataLine.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Despre ce tipuri de AVR \u0219i unde sunt folosite, vom discuta ast\u0103zi.\u00a0<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nExist\u0103 dou\u0103 tipuri principale de AVR: <b>ATS (comutator de transfer automat) \u0219i STS (comutator de transfer static)<\/b>. Acestea se deosebesc prin principiile de func\u021bionare \u0219i baza componentelor \u0219i sunt utilizate pentru sarcini diferite. Pe scurt, STS este un ATS mai \u201einteligent\u201d. Acesta comut\u0103 sarcina mai rapid \u0219i este folosit mai des pentru sarcini\/curen\u021bi mari. Este mai flexibil \u00een reglaje, dar mai \u201epreten\u021bios\u201d cu re\u021beaua: poate refuza s\u0103 func\u021bioneze dac\u0103 cele dou\u0103 aliment\u0103ri provin din surse diferite, de exemplu: de la un transformer \u0219i GE.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>AVR \u00een TEP<\/h2>\n<p>\u00a0<br \/>\nAVR-ul principal al centrului de date acum dou\u0103zeci de ani ar\u0103ta ca un sistem complex de contactori \u0219i relee.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/b481efb2947821f650b56e791f8622a9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>AVR din \u00eenceputul anilor 2000.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Acum AVR este un dispozitiv compact multifunc\u021bional.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/34b839b2402c97916b8cb3681989a798.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSistemul AVR \u00een TEP controleaz\u0103 automate de alimentare \u0219i d\u0103 comenzi pentru pornirea \u0219i oprirea GE. La o sarcin\u0103 de peste 2 MW la nivelul TEP, nu este eficient s\u0103 ne gr\u0103bim dup\u0103 vitez\u0103. Chiar dac\u0103 se comut\u0103 rapid, va trece timp p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd GE se va porni. \u00cen acest sistem sunt folosite ATS mai \u201e lente\u201d \u0219i sunt setate \u00eent\u00e2rzieri (set\u0103ri). Func\u021bioneaz\u0103 astfel: c\u00e2nd alimentarea centrului de date de la transformatoare dispare, AVR comand\u0103 dispozitivelor: \u201eTransformator, oprit. Acum a\u0219tept\u0103m 10 secunde (setare), GE, porne\u0219te, a\u0219tept\u0103m \u00eenc\u0103 10 secunde.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>AVR \u00een UPS\u00a0\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>\nPe exemplul UPS-ului, s\u0103 vedem cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 al doilea tip de AVR \u2014 STS sau comutatorul de transfer static.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen UPS, curentul alternativ este transformat \u00een curent continuu la redresor. Apoi, la invertor, acesta este transformat \u00eenapoi \u00een curent alternativ, dar cu parametri stabili. Acest lucru elimin\u0103 interferen\u021bele \u0219i \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te calitatea energiei. La deconectarea sursei principale de alimentare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dataline\/blog\/310356\/\">UPS-ul comut\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> la baterii \u0219i alimenteaz\u0103 centrul de date, \u00een timp ce motorul generator se pune \u00een func\u021biune.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Dar ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 dac\u0103 e\u0219ueaz\u0103 unul dintre elemente: redresorul, invertorul sau bateriile? \u00cen acest caz, fiecare UPS are un mecanism de bypass. Cu acesta, dispozitivul continu\u0103 s\u0103 func\u021bioneze ocolind elementele principale, direct de la tensiunea de intrare. De asemenea, bypass-ul este folosit atunci c\u00e2nd trebuie s\u0103 opri\u021bi UPS-ul \u0219i s\u0103-l trimite\u021bi la reparat.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>STS \u00een UPS este necesar pentru a comuta \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103 la intrarea de bypass. Pe scurt, STS monitorizeaz\u0103 parametrii re\u021belei at\u00e2t la intrare, c\u00e2t \u0219i la ie\u0219ire, a\u0219teapt\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd acestea se potrivesc \u0219i comut\u0103 \u00een condi\u021bii de siguran\u021b\u0103.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/98c688d0f0e28a6ef697e096b03d87d1.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>AVR \u00een rack\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>\nA\u0219adar, la rack sunt conectate dou\u0103 surse de alimentare. Dac\u0103 echipamentul dumneavoastr\u0103 are dou\u0103 unit\u0103\u021bi de alimentare, \u00eel conecta\u021bi f\u0103r\u0103 probleme la PDU-uri diferite, iar dispari\u021bia uneia dintre surse nu v\u0103 afecteaz\u0103. Dar ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 dac\u0103 serverul dumneavoastr\u0103 are o singur\u0103 unitate de alimentare?\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00cen rack, AVR este folosit pentru a preveni pierderea profitului din cele dou\u0103 surse. \u00cen caz de probleme cu una dintre surse, AVR comut\u0103 sarcina pe cealalt\u0103 surs\u0103.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Declinare de responsabilitate: Dac\u0103 este posibil, evita\u021bi echipamentele cu o singur\u0103 unitate de alimentare pentru a nu crea un punct de e\u0219ec \u00een sistem. Mai departe v\u0103 vom ar\u0103ta care sunt dezavantajele acestui tip de conexiune.\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/3a2e45499d687ffcd983f88add5958cb.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSarcina AVR \u00een rack este de a comuta echipamentul pe sursa activ\u0103 at\u00e2t de repede \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 nu existe \u00eentreruperi \u00een func\u021bionarea sa. Viteza necesar\u0103 a fost determinat\u0103 prin metode empirice: nu mai mult de 20 ms. S\u0103 vedem cum a fost descoperit\u0103 aceasta.<\/p>\n<p>Defec\u021biunile \u00een func\u021bionarea echipamentului serverului se datoreaz\u0103 sc\u0103derilor de tensiune (din cauza lucr\u0103rilor la sta\u021biile de transformare, conectarea unor sarcini mari sau accidentelor). Pentru a ilustra cum echipamentele rezist\u0103 la diferite amplitudini \u0219i durate ale fluctua\u021biilor de tensiune, au fost dezvoltate curbele de func\u021bionare sigur\u0103 ale echipamentului electric CBEMA (Asocia\u021bia Produc\u0103torilor de Echipamente pentru Computere \u0219i Business). Acestea sunt acum cunoscute sub numele de curbele ITIC (Consiliul Industriei Tehnologiilor Informa\u021biei), variantele lor fiind incluse \u00een standardele IEEE 446 ANSI (acestea sunt echivalente cu normele noastre GOST).<\/p>\n<p>Ne vom verifica cu graficul. Sarcina noastr\u0103 este ca dispozitivele s\u0103 func\u021bioneze \u00een \u201ezona verde\u201d. Pe curba ITIC vedem c\u0103 echipamentul este preg\u0103tit s\u0103 suporte o \u00eent\u00e2rziere maxim\u0103 de 20 ms. Prin urmare, ne orient\u0103m astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t AVR \u00een rack s\u0103 reac\u021bioneze \u00een 20 ms, iar mai bine \u2014 \u00eenc\u0103 \u0219i mai repede.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/fe6c9e359801283c2868ae758421fb33.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Sursa: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meandr.ru\/itic\">meandr.ro<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Dispozitiv AVR<\/b>. Un AVR tipic (ATS) \u00een rack-ul centrului nostru de date ocup\u0103 1 unitate \u0219i suport\u0103 o sarcin\u0103 de 16 A.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Pe ecran vedem de la ce surs\u0103 este alimentat AVR-ul, c\u00e2te amperi consum\u0103 dispozitivele conectate. Cu un buton separat alegem s\u0103 d\u0103m prioritate primei sau celei de-a doua surse. \u00cen dreapta - porturi pentru conectarea la AVR:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Port Ethernet \u2014 conectare pentru monitorizare;\n<\/li>\n<li>Port serial \u2014 conectare prin laptop pentru a vizualiza \u00een loguri ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103;\u00a0\n<\/li>\n<li>USB \u2014 insera\u021bi un stick \u0219i actualiza\u021bi firmware-ul.\u00a0\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPorturile sunt interschimbabile: toate aceste opera\u021bii pot fi realizate dac\u0103 exist\u0103 acces m\u0103car la unul dintre ele.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/db6b2698981c08e3cae0402a757dab09.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPe partea din spate \u2014 prize pentru conectarea surselor principale \u0219i de rezerv\u0103 \u0219i grup de prize pentru conectarea echipamentului IT.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/6e44f4fd995ba6e30a6f1c629c11b9db.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSpecifica\u021biile detaliate ale AVR-ului le verific\u0103m prin intermediul interfe\u021bei web. Acolo se configureaz\u0103 sensibilitatea comut\u0103rii \u0219i se vizualizeaz\u0103 logurile.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/370a1d72c373d86738fa7676972b2cef.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Interfa\u021ba web a AVR-ului.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Instalarea \u0219i conectarea AVR-ului<\/b>. Este mai bine s\u0103 instal\u0103m AVR-ul la mijlocul rack-ului. Dac\u0103 nu \u0219tim din timp configura\u021bia rack-ului, atunci astfel echipamentul cu un singur bloc de alimentare va putea atinge at\u00e2t partea inferioar\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i cea superioar\u0103 cu cablurile.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Dar mai departe exist\u0103 nuan\u021be: ad\u00e2ncimea rack-ului standard este mult mai mare dec\u00e2t ad\u00e2ncimea AVR-ului. Recomand\u0103m s\u0103-l instal\u0103m c\u00e2t mai aproape de coridorul rece din dou\u0103 motive:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Acces la panoul frontal. Dac\u0103 instal\u0103m AVR-ul mai aproape de coridorul cald, vom vedea indica\u021bia, dar nu vom putea s\u0103 ne conect\u0103m la el prin porturi. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 nu vom putea vizualiza logurile sau s\u0103 reset\u0103m dispozitivul.\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/77f79924003d1024e9bfb81072d483c1.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5f8c4092a0f8bff5802ec42abd79839c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Pe undeva acolo, \u00een ad\u00e2ncime, AVR-ul clipe\u0219te \u2014 nu mai putem ajunge la port.<\/i>\n<\/li>\n<li>R\u0103cirea. Se recomand\u0103 utilizarea AVR-ului la o temperatur\u0103 de maxim 45\u00b0C. Acesta nu are ventilatoare proprii pentru r\u0103cire, este pur \u0219i simplu un dispozitiv metalic cu componente electronice. Men\u021bine temperatura necesar\u0103 prin dou\u0103 metode:\u00a0\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>fluxuri de aer care sufl\u0103 asupra sa din exterior;\u00a0\n<\/li>\n<li>suporturi care disipeaz\u0103 c\u0103ldura \u00een exces.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDac\u0103 instal\u0103m un UPS pe partea coridorului cald \u0219i \u00een plus \u00eel bloc\u0103m cu un raft de servere, atunci vom ob\u021bine un cuptor. \u00cen cel mai bun caz, UPS-ul \u00ee\u0219i va pierde min\u021bile \u0219i va pierde leg\u0103tura cu lumea exterioar\u0103, \u00een cel mai r\u0103u caz - va \u00eencepe s\u0103 comute sarcina \u00een mod haotic sau o va abandona.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2213c7861d72f2f97ea5f8035556e4b5.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>UPS-ul se \u00eencinge cu fa\u021ba spre coridorul cald.<\/i><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>A fost un caz. Un inginer, pe parcursul unei inspec\u021bii, a auzit clicuri neobi\u0219nuite.<br \/>\n\u00cen ad\u00e2ncurile coridorului cald, sub o gr\u0103mad\u0103 de servere, s-a descoperit un UPS care comuta constant \u00eentre alimentarea principal\u0103 \u0219i cea de rezerv\u0103.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>UPS-ul a fost \u00eenlocuit. Jurnalele au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 timp de o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 a comutat la fiecare secund\u0103 - \u00een total, peste o jum\u0103tate de milion de comut\u0103ri. Iat\u0103 cum arat\u0103 aceasta. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/BtXqXXvHcks\">s\u0103 aib\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Ce alte tipuri de UPS exist\u0103 \u00een rack?<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>ATS de intrare pentru rack<\/b>. \u00cen centrul nostru de date, acest UPS serve\u0219te ca singura surs\u0103 de distribu\u021bie a energiei \u00een rack: func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca UPS+PDU. Ocup\u0103 c\u00e2teva unit\u0103\u021bi, suport\u0103 o sarcin\u0103 de 32 A, se conecteaz\u0103 prin conectori industriali \u0219i poate alimenta echipamente de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 6 kW. Poate fi utilizat atunci c\u00e2nd nu este posibil s\u0103 se monteze PDU-uri standard, iar echipamentele din rack nu sus\u021bin sarcini critice.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1b366a2a7b31d633266ec3e0df0495fe.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>STS de rack<\/b>. STS \u00een rack este folosit pentru echipamente sensibile la fluctua\u021biile de tensiune. Acest UPS comut\u0103 mai repede dec\u00e2t ATS.\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/e45afa3bd64fdd094c2feb591eac45d8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Aceast\u0103 STS specific\u0103 ocup\u0103 6 unit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i are un pic un interface \u201evintage\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Mini-UPS<\/b>. Exist\u0103 \u0219i astfel de micu\u021be, dar \u00een centrul nostru de date nu avem a\u0219a ceva. Este un mini-UPS pentru un singur server.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ee1b9c7c144ade76b10ab6d1eb6267e1.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Acest UPS se conecteaz\u0103 direct la sursa de alimentare a serverului.<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>Cum c\u0103ut\u0103m UPS-ul ideal<\/h3>\n<p>\nTest\u0103m multe tipuri diferite de UPS \u0219i verific\u0103m cum se comport\u0103 \u00een condi\u021bii de temperaturi ridicate. <\/p>\n<p>Iat\u0103 cum ne purt\u0103m cu UPS-urile pentru a verifica acest lucru:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>conect\u0103m la el un recorder de calitate a re\u021belei, un server \u0219i c\u00e2teva alte dispozitive pentru sarcin\u0103;\n<\/li>\n<li>izol\u0103m rack-ul cu dopuri sau folie, pentru a atinge o temperatur\u0103 ridicat\u0103;\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00eenc\u0103lzim p\u00e2n\u0103 la 50\u00b0C;\n<\/li>\n<li>deconect\u0103m introducerile alternativ de c\u00e2te 20 ori;\n<\/li>\n<li>verific\u0103m dac\u0103 au fost \u00eentreruperi de alimentare, cum se simte serverul;\n<\/li>\n<li>dac\u0103 UPS-ul trece testul - \u00eenc\u0103lzim p\u00e2n\u0103 la 70\u00b0C.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/d95341812bc80a0de04bda92cf9a93db.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto cu termovizorul de la una dintre teste.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"AVR \u0219i tot, tot, tot: comutatorul automat de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/75d75c0727753e1184b95569322268dc.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Analyzerul de re\u021bea \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 tensiunea \u00een timp. \u00cen \u00eenregistrare vedem c\u00e2t a durat comutarea: \u00een acel moment, sinusoida s-a \u00eentrerupt.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Apropo, lu\u0103m UPS-ul la test: vom verifica rezisten\u021ba dispozitivului t\u0103u \u0219i \u00ee\u021bi vom spune ce a ie\u0219it. \ud83d\ude09\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>AVR \u00een rack: o amenin\u021bare ascuns\u0103<\/h4>\n<p>\nPrincipala problem\u0103 cu AVR \u00een rack este c\u0103 acesta poate doar s\u0103 comute sarcina de la sursa principal\u0103 la cea de rezerv\u0103, dar nu protejeaz\u0103 \u00eempotriva scurtcircuitelor sau suprasarcinilor. Dac\u0103 apare un scurtcircuit pe sursa de alimentare, va ac\u021biona un \u00eentrerup\u0103tor automat de nivel superior: pe PDU sau \u00een panoul de distribu\u021bie. Ca rezultat, o surs\u0103 se deconecteaz\u0103, AVR-ul realizeaz\u0103 acest lucru \u0219i comut\u0103 pe a doua surs\u0103. Dac\u0103 scurtcircuitul persist\u0103, se va activa \u00eentrerup\u0103torul automat al celei de-a doua surse. Astfel, din cauza unei probleme la un echipament, \u00eentreaga rack poate r\u0103m\u00e2ne f\u0103r\u0103 curent.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0219adar, repet \u00eenc\u0103 o dat\u0103: g\u00e2ndi\u021bi-v\u0103 de o mie de ori \u00eenainte de a instala AVR \u00een rack \u0219i de a folosi echipamente cu o singur\u0103 surs\u0103 de alimentare.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dataline\/blog\/492016\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e PDU \u043c\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0410\u0412\u0420 \u2014\u00a0 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430. \u041d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0432 \u0426\u041e\u0414\u0435 \u0410\u0412\u0420 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438: \u0432 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0445 (\u0413\u0420\u0429) \u0410\u0412\u0420 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":74069,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - 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