{"id":74341,"date":"2020-03-16T20:42:18","date_gmt":"2020-03-16T17:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/proekt-redox-os-predstavil-paketnyj-menedzher-pkgar-napisannyj-na-yazyke-rust"},"modified":"2020-03-16T20:42:18","modified_gmt":"2020-03-16T17:42:18","slug":"proekt-redox-os-predstavil-paketnyj-menedzher-pkgar-napisannyj-na-yazyke-rust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/proekt-redox-os-predstavil-paketnyj-menedzher-pkgar-napisannyj-na-yazyke-rust","title":{"rendered":"Proiectul Redox OS a lansat managerul de pachete pkgar, scris \u00een limbajul Rust","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dezvoltatorii sistemului de operare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redox-os.org\/\">Redox<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51956\">scris<\/a><\/noindex> folosind limbajul Rust \u0219i conceptul de microkernel, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redox-os.org\/news\/pkgar-introduction\/\">au prezentat<\/a><\/noindex> un nou manager de pachete <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/redox-os\/pkgar\">pkgar<\/a><\/noindex>. \u00cen cadrul proiectului se dezvolt\u0103 un nou format de pachete, o bibliotec\u0103 cu func\u021bii de gestionare a pachetelor \u0219i unelte de linie de comand\u0103 pentru crearea \u0219i extragerea unei colec\u021bii de fi\u0219iere verificate criptografic. Codul pkgar este scris \u00een limbajul Rust \u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/redox-os\/pkgar\">se r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te<\/a><\/noindex> sub licen\u021ba MIT.<\/p>\n<p>Formatul pkgar nu pretinde universalitate \u0219i este optimizat \u021bin\u00e2nd cont de specifica\u021biile sistemului de operare Redox OS. Managerul de pachete suport\u0103 verificarea sursei prin semn\u0103tur\u0103 digital\u0103 \u0219i controlul integrit\u0103\u021bii. Sumele de control sunt calculate folosind func\u021bia hash <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52173\">blake3<\/a><\/noindex>. Func\u021bionalitatea pkgar legat\u0103 de verificare poate fi accesat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 a salva efectiv arhiva pachetului, manipul\u00e2ndu-se doar partea de antet. \u00cen special, pachetul este format dintr-un fi\u0219ier de antet (.pkgar_head) \u0219i un fi\u0219ier de date (.pkgar_data). Un pachet complet semnat corect (.pkgar) poate fi ob\u021binut prin simpla ata\u0219are a fi\u0219ierului de antet la fi\u0219ierul de date (&#171;cat example.pkgar_head example.pkgar_data &gt; example.pkgar&#187;). <\/p>\n<p>Fi\u0219ierul de antet con\u021bine sume de control distincte pentru antet \u0219i structurile cu parametrii din fi\u0219ierul de date, precum \u0219i o semn\u0103tur\u0103 digital\u0103 pentru verificarea pachetului. Fi\u0219ierul cu date include o enumerare secven\u021bial\u0103 a tuturor fi\u0219ierelor \u0219i directoarelor livrate \u00een pachet. \u00cenaintea fiec\u0103rui element de date se prezint\u0103 o structur\u0103 cu metadate, care include suma de control pentru datele \u00een sine, dimensiunea, drepturile de acces, calea relativ\u0103 a fi\u0219ierului instalat \u0219i offsetul parametrilor pentru elementul urm\u0103tor de date. Dac\u0103, \u00een timpul actualiz\u0103rii, unele fi\u0219iere nu s-au schimbat \u0219i suma de control coincide, acestea sunt s\u0103rite \u0219i nu sunt desc\u0103rcate.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a verifica integritatea sursei, este suficient s\u0103 ob\u021binem doar fi\u0219ierul de antet, iar corectitudinea fi\u0219ierului de date selectat poate fi validat\u0103 desc\u0103rc\u00e2nd structurile cu parametrii acelui fi\u0219ier \u0219i asigur\u00e2ndu-ne c\u0103 acestea corespund sumei de control verificate \u00een fi\u0219ierul de antet. Datele propriu-zise pot fi verificate dup\u0103 desc\u0103rcare, folosind suma de control din structura cu parametrii care preced datele.<\/p>\n<p>Pachetele implic\u0103 ini\u021bial posibilitatea reconstruc\u021biei, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 crearea unui pachet pentru un anumit director conduce \u00eentotdeauna la formarea unui pachet identic. Dup\u0103 instalare, \u00een sistem r\u0103m\u00e2n doar metadatele, care sunt suficiente pentru reconstruc\u021bia pachetului din datele instalate (componen\u021ba pachetului, sumele de control, c\u0103ile \u0219i permisiunile sunt incluse \u00een metadate).<\/p>\n<p>Obiectivele principale ale pkgar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Atomicitatea &#8212; actualiz\u0103rile se aplic\u0103 automat, dac\u0103 este posibil.\n<li class=\"l\"> Economisirea traficului &#8212; datele sunt transmise prin re\u021bea doar c\u00e2nd hash-ul se schimb\u0103 (la actualizare se descarc\u0103 doar fi\u0219ierele modificate).\n<li class=\"l\"> Performan\u021b\u0103 ridicat\u0103, utiliz\u00e2nd algoritmi criptografici rapid (blake3 suport\u0103 procesarea paralel\u0103 a datelor \u00een timpul calcul\u0103rii hash-ului). Dac\u0103 datele din rezervor nu au fost anterior cached, hash-ul pentru datele desc\u0103rcate poate fi calculat \u00een timpul desc\u0103rc\u0103rii.\n<li class=\"l\"> Minimalismul &#8212; spre deosebire de alte formate, pkgar include doar metadatele necesare pentru extragerea pachetului.\n<li class=\"l\"> Independen\u021ba de directorul de instalare &#8212; pachetul poate fi instalat \u00een orice director, de c\u0103tre orice utilizator (utilizatorul trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 drept de scriere \u00een directorul ales).\n<li class=\"l\"> Securitate &#8212; pachetele sunt \u00eentotdeauna verificate criptografic, iar verificarea se efectueaz\u0103 \u00eenainte de a efectua opera\u021biuni efective cu pachetul (mai \u00eent\u00e2i se descarc\u0103 antetul \u0219i dac\u0103 semn\u0103tura digital\u0103 este corect\u0103, datele sunt desc\u0103rcate \u00een directorul temporar \u0219i mutate \u00een directorul \u021bint\u0103 dup\u0103 verificare).\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52546\">opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Redox, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 Rust \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440 pkgar. \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u043e\u0434 pkgar \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 Rust \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 MIT. \u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 pkgar \u043d\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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