{"id":75303,"date":"2020-03-25T07:42:19","date_gmt":"2020-03-25T05:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vchera-bylo-nelzya-a-segodnya-nuzhno-kak-nachat-rabotat-udalenno-i-ne-stat-prichinoj-utechki"},"modified":"2020-03-25T07:42:19","modified_gmt":"2020-03-25T05:42:19","slug":"vchera-bylo-nelzya-a-segodnya-nuzhno-kak-nachat-rabotat-udalenno-i-ne-stat-prichinoj-utechki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vchera-bylo-nelzya-a-segodnya-nuzhno-kak-nachat-rabotat-udalenno-i-ne-stat-prichinoj-utechki","title":{"rendered":"Ieri era imposibil, iar ast\u0103zi este necesar: cum s\u0103 \u00eencepi s\u0103 lucrezi de la distan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 nu devii cauza unei scurgeri de informa\u021bii?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Brusc, munca de la distan\u021b\u0103 a devenit un format solicitat \u0219i necesar. Totul din cauza COVID-19. Noi m\u0103suri pentru a preveni infectarea apar zi de zi. \u00cen birouri se m\u0103soar\u0103 temperatura, iar unele companii, inclusiv marile firme, \u00ee\u0219i transfer\u0103 angaja\u021bii la munc\u0103 la distan\u021b\u0103 pentru a reduce pierderile cauzate de opriri \u0219i concedii medicale. \u00cen acest sens, sectorul IT are un avantaj datorit\u0103 experien\u021bei sale \u00een gestionarea echipelor distribuite.<\/p>\n

Noi, la Institutul de Cercetare SOKB, ne ocup\u0103m de c\u00e2\u021biva ani cu organizarea accesului la distan\u021b\u0103 la datele corporative de pe dispozitive mobile \u0219i \u0219tim c\u0103 munca de la distan\u021b\u0103 este o problem\u0103 complex\u0103. \u00cen continuare, v\u0103 vom povesti cum solu\u021biile noastre ajut\u0103 la gestionarea \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103 a dispozitivelor mobile ale angaja\u021bilor \u0219i de ce acest lucru este important pentru munca la distan\u021b\u0103.
\n\"Ieri
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Ce trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 un angajat pentru a lucra de la distan\u021b\u0103?<\/h2>\n

\nSetul standard de servicii la care trebuie s\u0103 se asigure accesul de la distan\u021b\u0103 pentru o munc\u0103 eficient\u0103 include servicii de comunicare (email, mesager) \u0219i resurse web (varii portaluri, de exemplu, service desk sau sistem de management al proiectelor) \u0219i dosare (sisteme de gestionare a documentelor electronice, control al versiunilor etc.).<\/p>\n

Nu trebuie s\u0103 ne baz\u0103m pe ideea c\u0103 amenin\u021b\u0103rile de securitate ne vor a\u0219tepta p\u00e2n\u0103 termin\u0103m de luptat cu coronavirusul. La munca de la distan\u021b\u0103 exist\u0103 reguli de securitate care trebuie respectate chiar \u0219i \u00een timpul pandemiei.<\/p>\n

Informa\u021biile esen\u021biale pentru afaceri nu pot fi trimise pur \u0219i simplu pe emailul personal al angajatului pentru ca acesta s\u0103 le citeasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 le proceseze pe smartphone-ul s\u0103u personal. Smartphone-ul poate fi pierdut, pot fi instalate aplica\u021bii care fur\u0103 informa\u021bii, \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, copiii care stau acas\u0103 din cauza aceluia\u0219i virus pot s\u0103 se joace cu el. A\u0219adar, cu c\u00e2t datele cu care lucreaz\u0103 angajatul sunt mai importante, cu at\u00e2t trebuie s\u0103 fie mai bine protejate. Iar protec\u021bia dispozitivelor mobile nu ar trebui s\u0103 fie inferioar\u0103 celei pentru dispozitivele de birou.<\/p>\n

De ce antivirusul \u0219i VPN-ul nu sunt suficiente?<\/h2>\n

\nPentru locurile de munc\u0103 de birou \u0219i laptopurile care ruleaz\u0103 Windows, instalarea unui antivirus este o m\u0103sur\u0103 justificat\u0103 \u0219i necesar\u0103. Dar pentru dispozitivele mobile \u2013 nu de fiecare dat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Arhitectura dispozitivelor Apple \u00eempiedic\u0103 interac\u021biunea informa\u021bional\u0103 \u00eentre aplica\u021bii. Aceasta limiteaz\u0103 amploarea posibilelor consecin\u021be ale software-ului mali\u021bios: dac\u0103 se utilizeaz\u0103 o vulnerabilitate a clientului de e-mail, ac\u021biunile nu pot dep\u0103\u0219i acest client de e-mail. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, aceast\u0103 politic\u0103 reduce eficien\u021ba solu\u021biilor antivirus. Este imposibil s\u0103 verifici automat un fi\u0219ier primit prin e-mail.<\/p>\n

Pe platforma Android, at\u00e2t virusii, c\u00e2t \u0219i solu\u021biile antivirus au mai multe perspective. Dar problema oportunit\u0103\u021bii r\u0103m\u00e2ne. Pentru a instala software mali\u021bios din magazinul de aplica\u021bii, va trebui s\u0103 oferi manual multe permisiuni. Drepturile de acces sunt ob\u021binute doar de la utilizatorii care permit aplica\u021biilor s\u0103 aib\u0103 acces nelimitat. \u00cen practic\u0103, este suficient s\u0103 interzici utilizatorilor instalarea aplica\u021biilor din surse necunoscute, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t \"medicamentele\" pentru aplica\u021biile pl\u0103tite instalate gratuit s\u0103 nu \"trateze\" secretele corporative. Dar aceast\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te func\u021biile antivirusului \u0219i. VPN<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00cen plus, VPN-ul \u0219i antivirusul nu vor putea controla comportamentul utilizatorului. Logica sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 pe dispozitivul utilizatorului ar trebui s\u0103 fie instalat cel pu\u021bin un parol\u0103 (ca protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva pierderii). Dar existen\u021ba parolei \u0219i fiabilitatea acesteia depind doar de con\u0219tiin\u021ba utilizatorului, asupra c\u0103reia compania nu poate avea un impact.<\/p>\n

Desigur, exist\u0103 metode administrative. De exemplu, documente interne conform c\u0103rora angaja\u021bii vor fi r\u0103spunz\u0103tori personal pentru absen\u021ba parolelor pe dispozitive, instalarea aplica\u021biilor din surse nesigure etc. Poate chiar c\u0103 \u00eei po\u021bi obliga pe to\u021bi angaja\u021bii s\u0103 semneze o instruc\u021biune de munc\u0103 modificat\u0103 \u00eenainte de a lucra de la distan\u021b\u0103, care s\u0103 con\u021bin\u0103 aceste puncte. Dar s\u0103 fim sinceri: compania nu va putea verifica cum este aplicat\u0103 aceast\u0103 instruc\u021biune \u00een practic\u0103. Aceasta va fi ocupat\u0103 cu reorganizarea de urgen\u021b\u0103 a proceselor principale, \u00een timp ce angaja\u021bii, \u00een ciuda politicilor implementate, vor copia documente confiden\u021biale pe Google Drive personal \u0219i vor oferi acces prin link, pentru c\u0103 este mai convenabil s\u0103 colaborezi la document.<\/p>\n

A\u0219adar, munca remote brusc\u0103 a biroului reprezint\u0103 un test de rezilien\u021b\u0103 pentru companie.<\/p>\n

\"Ieri
\n<\/p>\n

Gestionarea mobilit\u0103\u021bii corporative<\/h2>\n

\nDin perspectiva securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biei, dispozitivele mobile reprezint\u0103 o amenin\u021bare \u0219i o bre\u0219\u0103 poten\u021bial\u0103 \u00een sistemul de protec\u021bie. Solu\u021biile de clas\u0103 EMM (managementul mobilit\u0103\u021bii \u00een \u00eentreprinderi) sunt menite s\u0103 \u00eenchid\u0103 aceast\u0103 bre\u0219\u0103.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Gestionarea mobilit\u0103\u021bii corporative (EMM) include func\u021bii de gestionare a dispozitivelor (MDM, managementul dispozitivelor mobile), aplica\u021biilor acestora (MAM, managementul aplica\u021biilor mobile) \u0219i con\u021binutului (MCM, managementul con\u021binutului mobil).<\/p>\n

MDM reprezint\u0103 \u201ebiciul\u201d necesar. Cu ajutorul func\u021biilor MDM, administratorul poate reseta sau bloca dispozitivul \u00een cazul \u00een care acesta a fost pierdut, poate configura politici de securitate: complexitatea \u0219i prezen\u021ba parolei, interzicerea func\u021biilor de depanare, instalarea aplica\u021biilor din apk etc. Aceste func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103 sunt suportate de dispozitive mobile de la to\u021bi produc\u0103torii \u0219i platformele. Set\u0103rile mai fine, cum ar fi interzicerea instal\u0103rii de recuper\u0103ri personalizate, sunt disponibile doar pe dispozitive de la anumite m\u0103rci.<\/p>\n

MAM \u0219i MCM reprezint\u0103 \u201edulcele\u201d \u00een form\u0103 de aplica\u021bii \u0219i servicii la care acestea ofer\u0103 acces. Odat\u0103 asigurat un nivel suficient de securitate prin MDM, se poate oferi acces remote protejat la resursele corporative prin intermediul aplica\u021biilor instalate pe dispozitivele mobile.<\/p>\n

La prima vedere, gestionarea aplica\u021biilor pare a fi o sarcin\u0103 pur IT, care se rezum\u0103 la opera\u021biuni elementare de genul \u201einstaleaz\u0103 aplica\u021bia, configureaz\u0103 aplica\u021bia, actualizeaz\u0103 aplica\u021bia la o versiune nou\u0103 sau revino la cea anterioar\u0103\u201d. De fapt, \u0219i aici este nevoie de securitate. Nu este suficient s\u0103 instalezi \u0219i s\u0103 configurezi aplica\u021biile necesare pentru munc\u0103 pe dispozitive, ci trebuie \u0219i s\u0103 protejezi datele corporative de a fi \u00eenc\u0103rcate \u00een Dropbox personal sau Yandex.Disk.<\/p>\n

\"Ieri
\n
\nPentru a separa activitatea profesional\u0103 de cea personal\u0103, sistemele moderne EMM ofer\u0103 posibilitatea de a crea un container pentru aplica\u021biile \u0219i datele corporative pe dispozitiv. Utilizatorul nu poate scoate neautorizat date din container, prin urmare, serviciul de securitate nu trebuie s\u0103 interzic\u0103 utilizarea \u201epersonal\u0103\u201d a dispozitivului mobil. De fapt, este benefic pentru afacere. Cu c\u00e2t utilizatorul se familiarizeaz\u0103 mai bine cu dispozitivul s\u0103u, cu at\u00e2t va folosi mai eficient instrumentele de munc\u0103.<\/p>\n

S\u0103 ne \u00eentoarcem la sarcinile IT. Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 sarcini care nu pot fi rezolvate f\u0103r\u0103 EMM: revenirea la o versiune anterioar\u0103 a aplica\u021biei \u0219i configurarea sa de la distan\u021b\u0103. Revenirea este necesar\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd noua versiune a aplica\u021biei nu \u00eei mul\u021bume\u0219te pe utilizatori \u2014 are erori grave sau pur \u0219i simplu este incomod\u0103. \u00cen cazul aplica\u021biilor din Google Play \u0219i App Store, revenirea nu este posibil\u0103 \u2014 \u00een magazin este disponibil\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna doar cea mai recent\u0103 versiune a aplica\u021biei. \u00cen cazul dezvolt\u0103rii interne active, versiunile pot ap\u0103rea aproape \u00een fiecare zi, iar nu toate sunt stabile.<\/p>\n

Configurarea de la distan\u021b\u0103 a aplica\u021biilor se poate realiza \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 EMM. De exemplu, se pot face diferite versiuni ale aplica\u021biei pentru diferite adrese ale serverelor sau se poate salva un fi\u0219ier cu set\u0103rile \u00een spa\u021biul de stocare public al telefonului, pentru a-l schimba manual ulterior. Toate acestea sunt \u00eent\u00e2lnite, dar cu greu le putem numi cele mai bune practici. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, Apple \u0219i Google ofer\u0103 abord\u0103ri standardizate pentru rezolvarea acestei probleme. Este suficient ca dezvoltatorul s\u0103 integreze o singur\u0103 dat\u0103 mecanismul necesar, iar aplica\u021bia va putea s\u0103 configureze orice EMM.<\/p>\n

Am cump\u0103rat un zoo!<\/h2>\n

\nNu toate scenariile de utilizare a dispozitivelor mobile sunt la fel de utile. Diferite categorii de utilizatori au sarcini diferite \u0219i trebuie s\u0103 le rezolve \u00een mod diferit. Dezvoltatorului \u0219i analistului financiar le sunt necesare seturi specifice de aplica\u021bii \u0219i, poate, seturi de politici de securitate din cauza diferitelor niveluri de confiden\u021bialitate a datelor cu care lucreaz\u0103.<\/p>\n

Nu \u00eentotdeauna reu\u0219im s\u0103 limit\u0103m num\u0103rul de modele \u0219i produc\u0103tori de dispozitive mobile. Pe de o parte, se dovede\u0219te mai ieftin s\u0103 stabilim un standard corporativ pentru dispozitive mobile, dec\u00e2t s\u0103 ne ocup\u0103m de diferen\u021bele dintre Android-urile diferitelor m\u0103rci \u0219i particularit\u0103\u021bile afi\u0219\u0103rii interfe\u021bei utilizatorului pe ecranele de diverse dimensiuni. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, achizi\u021bionarea de dispozitive corporative \u00een condi\u021biile pandemiei devine mai complicat\u0103, iar companiile sunt nevoite s\u0103 permit\u0103 utilizarea dispozitivelor personale. Situa\u021bia din Rusia este agravat\u0103 suplimentar de existen\u021ba platformelor mobile na\u021bionale, care nu sunt acceptate de solu\u021biile EMM din occident.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Toate acestea duc adesea la faptul c\u0103, \u00een loc de o solu\u021bie centralizat\u0103 pentru gestionarea mobilit\u0103\u021bii corporative, se exploateaz\u0103 un amestec de solu\u021bii EMM, MDM \u0219i MAM, fiecare fiind administrat\u0103 de un personal propriu, conform unor reguli unice.<\/p>\n

Ce caracteristici exist\u0103 \u00een Rusia?<\/h2>\n

\n\u00cen Rusia, la fel ca \u00een oricare alt\u0103 \u021bar\u0103, exist\u0103 o legisla\u021bie na\u021bional\u0103 privind protec\u021bia informa\u021biilor, care nu se schimb\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de situa\u021bia epidemiologic\u0103. Astfel, \u00een sistemele informa\u021bionale de stat (GIS) trebuie s\u0103 fie utilizate m\u0103suri de protec\u021bie certificate conform cerin\u021belor de securitate. Pentru a \u00eendeplini aceast\u0103 cerin\u021b\u0103, dispozitivele care accesa datele GIS trebuie s\u0103 fie gestionate prin solu\u021bii EMM certificate, dintre care face parte produsul nostru SafePhone.<\/p>\n

\"Ieri
\n<\/p>\n

Preten\u021bios \u0219i neclar? De fapt nu.<\/h2>\n

\nInstrumentele de nivel corporativ, cum ar fi EMM, sunt adesea asociate cu implement\u0103ri lente \u0219i o preg\u0103tire pre-proiectare \u00eendelungat\u0103. Acum nu mai este timp pentru a\u0219a ceva \u2014 restric\u021biile cauzate de virus sunt implementate rapid, a\u0219a c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 timp pentru a face tranzi\u021bia la munc\u0103 remote.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Din experien\u021ba noastr\u0103, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 am realizat multe proiecte de implementare SafePhone \u00een companii de diferite dimensiuni, chiar \u0219i \u00eentr-o desf\u0103\u0219urare local\u0103, solu\u021bia poate fi activat\u0103 \u00eentr-o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 (f\u0103r\u0103 a lua \u00een considerare timpul necesar pentru negocierea \u0219i semnarea contractelor). Angaja\u021bii obi\u0219nui\u021bi pot utiliza sistemul deja dup\u0103 1-2 zile de la implementare. Da, pentru ajust\u0103rile flexibile ale produsului este necesar s\u0103 instrui\u021bi administratorii, dar formarea poate fi realizat\u0103 \u0219i \u00een paralel cu \u00eenceputul utiliz\u0103rii sistemului.<\/p>\n

Pentru a economisi timp pe instalarea \u00een infrastructura clientului, oferim clien\u021bilor no\u0219tri un serviciu cloud SaaS pentru gestionarea de la distan\u021b\u0103 a dispozitivelor mobile prin intermediul SafePhone. \u00cen plus, oferim acest serviciu din propriul nostru data center, certificat pentru a respecta cele mai \u00eenalte cerin\u021be pentru GIS \u0219i sistemele informa\u021bionale de date cu caracter personal.<\/p>\n

Ca o contribu\u021bie la lupta \u00eempotriva coronavirusului, NII SOKB conecteaz\u0103 gratuit companiile mici \u0219i mijlocii la server. SafePhone<\/a><\/noindex> pentru a asigura un loc de munc\u0103 sigur pentru angaja\u021bii care lucreaz\u0103 de la distan\u021b\u0103.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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