{"id":75678,"date":"2020-03-27T19:42:27","date_gmt":"2020-03-27T17:42:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/o-chem-molchit-explain-i-kak-ego-razgovorit"},"modified":"2020-03-27T19:42:27","modified_gmt":"2020-03-27T17:42:27","slug":"o-chem-molchit-explain-i-kak-ego-razgovorit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/o-chem-molchit-explain-i-kak-ego-razgovorit","title":{"rendered":"Despre ce tace EXPLAIN \u0219i cum s\u0103-l faci s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00centrebarea clasic\u0103 cu care un dezvoltator se adreseaz\u0103 DBA-ului s\u0103u sau proprietarului de afaceri \u2013 consultantului PostgreSQL, aproape \u00eentotdeauna sun\u0103 la fel: <i>\u201eDe ce interog\u0103rile dureaz\u0103 at\u00e2t de mult?\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Setul tradi\u021bional de cauze:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>algoritm ineficient<\/b><br \/>\nc\u00e2nd ai decis s\u0103 faci JOIN \u00eentre mai multe CTE cu c\u00e2teva zeci de mii de \u00eenregistr\u0103ri<\/li>\n<li><b>statistici neactualizate<\/b><br \/>\ndac\u0103 distribu\u021bia real\u0103 a datelor din tabel difer\u0103 semnificativ de cea colectat\u0103 de ANALYZE ultima dat\u0103<\/li>\n<li><b>\u00eentreruperi de resurse<\/b><br \/>\n\u0219i deja nu mai sunt suficiente puteri de calcul CPU alocate, se consum\u0103 constant gigaocte\u021bi de memorie sau discul nu face fa\u021b\u0103 tuturor \u201evulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor\u201d Bazei de date<\/li>\n<li><b>blocaje<\/b> de la procese concurente<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u0218i dac\u0103 blocajele sunt destul de complicate de prins \u0219i analizat, pentru tot restul, avem nevoie doar de <b>planul interog\u0103rii<\/b>, care poate fi ob\u021binut cu ajutorul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/postgrespro.ru\/docs\/postgresql\/12\/using-explain\">operatorului EXPLAIN<\/a><\/noindex> (<i>este mai bine, desigur, s\u0103 facem imediat EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS) \u2026<\/i>) sau <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/postgrespro.ru\/docs\/postgresql\/12\/auto-explain\">modulul auto_explain<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Dar, a\u0219a cum se men\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een aceea\u0219i documenta\u021bie, <\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201e\u00cen\u021belegerea planului este o art\u0103, \u0219i pentru a o st\u0103p\u00e2ni, este nevoie de o anumit\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103, \u2026\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Dar te po\u021bi descurca \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 el, dac\u0103 folose\u0219ti un instrument potrivit!<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nCum arat\u0103, de obicei, un plan de interogare? Cam a\u0219a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">Scanare index folosind pg_class_relname_nsp_index pe pg_class (timp real=0.049..0.050 r\u00e2nduri=1 bucle=1)\n  Condi\u021bie Index: (relname = $1)\n  Filtru: (oid = $0)\n  Buffere: hit partajat=4\n  Ini\u021bializare Plan 1 (returneaz\u0103 $0,$1)\n    -&gt;  Limit\u0103 (timp real=0.019..0.020 r\u00e2nduri=1 bucle=1)\n          Buffere: hit partajat=1\n          -&gt;  Scanare secven\u021bial\u0103 pe pg_class pg_class_1 (timp real=0.015..0.015 r\u00e2nduri=1 bucle=1)\n                Filtru: (relkind = 'r'::\"char\")\n                R\u00e2nduri eliminate prin Filtru: 5\n                Buffere: hit partajat=1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nsau a\u0219a:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">&quot;Adaug\u0103  (cost=868.60..878.95 r\u00e2nduri=2 l\u0103\u021bime=233) (timp real=0.024..0.144 r\u00e2nduri=2 bucle=1)&quot;\n&quot;  Buffere: hit partajat=3&quot;\n&quot;  CTE cl&quot;\n&quot;    -&gt;  Scanare secven\u021bial\u0103 pe pg_class  (cost=0.00..868.60 r\u00e2nduri=9972 l\u0103\u021bime=537) (timp real=0.016..0.042 r\u00e2nduri=101 bucle=1)&quot;\n&quot;          Buffere: hit partajat=3&quot;\n&quot;  -&gt;  Limit\u0103  (cost=0.00..0.10 r\u00e2nduri=1 l\u0103\u021bime=233) (timp real=0.023..0.024 r\u00e2nduri=1 bucle=1)&quot;\n&quot;        Buffere: hit partajat=1&quot;\n&quot;        -&gt;  Scanare CTE pe cl  (cost=0.00..997.20 r\u00e2nduri=9972 l\u0103\u021bime=233) (timp real=0.021..0.021 r\u00e2nduri=1 bucle=1)&quot;\n&quot;              Buffere: hit partajat=1&quot;\n&quot;  -&gt;  Limit\u0103  (cost=10.00..10.10 r\u00e2nduri=1 l\u0103\u021bime=233) (timp real=0.117..0.118 r\u00e2nduri=1 bucle=1)&quot;\n&quot;        Buffere: hit partajat=2&quot;\n&quot;        -&gt;  Scanare CTE pe cl cl_1  (cost=0.00..997.20 r\u00e2nduri=9972 l\u0103\u021bime=233) (timp real=0.001..0.104 r\u00e2nduri=101 bucle=1)&quot;\n&quot;              Buffere: hit partajat=2&quot;\n&quot;Timp de planificare: 0.634 ms&quot;\n&quot;Timp de execu\u021bie: 0.248 ms&quot;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDar citirea planului ca text \u201ede pe h\u00e2rtie\u201d este foarte dificil\u0103 \u0219i neclar\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00een nod apare <b>suma resurselor subarborelui<\/b><br \/>\nadic\u0103, pentru a \u00een\u021belege c\u00e2t timp a fost necesar pentru a executa un anumit nod sau c\u00e2t de mult a adus aceast\u0103 citire din tabel date de pe disc, trebuie cumva s\u0103 sc\u0103dem unul din cel\u0103lalt<\/li>\n<li>timpul nodului este necesar <b>a \u00eenmul\u021bi cu loops<\/b><br \/>\nda, sc\u0103derea nu este cea mai complicat\u0103 opera\u021biune pe care trebuie s\u0103 o facem \u201e\u00een minte\u201d \u2014 deoarece timpul de executare este indicat ca medie pentru o execu\u021bie a nodului, iar acestea pot fi sute<\/li>\n<li>ei bine, \u0219i toate acestea \u00eempreun\u0103 \u00eempiedic\u0103 r\u0103spunsul la \u00eentrebarea principal\u0103 \u2014 a\u0219adar, cine <b>\u201esl\u0103biciunea cea mai mare\u201d<\/b>?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nC\u00e2nd am \u00eencercat s\u0103 explic\u0103m toate acestea c\u00e2torva sute dintre dezvoltatorii no\u0219tri, am realizat c\u0103 din exterior arat\u0103 cam a\u0219a:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Despre ce tace EXPLAIN \u0219i cum s\u0103-l faci s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/abb07e902639b5ec245851aa4a0edb58.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA\u0219adar, ne trebuie...<\/p>\n<h2>Instrument<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00cen acesta am \u00eencercat s\u0103 adun\u0103m toate mecanismele cheie care ajut\u0103, conform planului \u0219i cererii, s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem \u201ecine e de vin\u0103 \u0219i ce trebuie f\u0103cut\u201d. De asemenea, am dorit s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219im o parte din experien\u021ba noastr\u0103 cu comunitatea.<br \/>\n\u00cent\u00e2mpina\u021bi \u0219i folosi\u021bi \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/explain.tensor.ru\/\">explain.tensor.ru<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n<h3>Claritatea planurilor<\/h3>\n<p>\nEste u\u0219or s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegi planul c\u00e2nd arat\u0103 a\u0219a?<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">Seq Scan on pg_class (actual time=0.009..1.304 rows=6609 loops=1)\n  Buffers: shared hit=263\nPlanning Time: 0.108 ms\nExecution Time: 1.800 ms\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNu prea.<\/p>\n<p>Dar a\u0219a, <b>\u00eentr-o form\u0103 comprimat\u0103<\/b>, c\u00e2nd indicatorii cheie sunt separa\u021bi \u2014 devine mult mai clar:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Despre ce tace EXPLAIN \u0219i cum s\u0103-l faci s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/18404ce800de847f1934ac2c7fef10be.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDar dac\u0103 planul este mai complex \u2014 la ajutor vine <b>diagram\u0103 pie chart a distribu\u021biei timpului<\/b> pe noduri:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Despre ce tace EXPLAIN \u0219i cum s\u0103-l faci s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ca9fdd07278801e4f3ad15e997efc1a0.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nEi bine, pentru cele mai complexe variante, ajut\u0103 <b>diagrama de execu\u021bie<\/b>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Despre ce tace EXPLAIN \u0219i cum s\u0103-l faci s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/c03f358858206d7ccae20fd8142baa8c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDe exemplu, pot exista situa\u021bii destul de neobi\u0219nuite c\u00e2nd planul poate avea mai mult de o r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 efectiv\u0103:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Despre ce tace EXPLAIN \u0219i cum s\u0103-l faci s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ea4f3f498737e9cc3f8f40c16a5bd1d7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Despre ce tace EXPLAIN \u0219i cum s\u0103-l faci s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/267273e8491d6b4403442672612c33ff.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Sugestii structurale<\/h3>\n<p>\nEi bine, dac\u0103 \u00eentreaga structur\u0103 a planului \u0219i punctele sale slabe sunt deja desf\u0103\u0219urate \u0219i vizibile \u2014 de ce s\u0103 nu le eviden\u021biem dezvoltatorului \u0219i s\u0103 nu explic\u0103m \u201e\u00een limbaj simplu\u201d?<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Despre ce tace EXPLAIN \u0219i cum s\u0103-l faci s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0e7157a09f7f5707e769cc1d6a8f3af8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>Am adunat deja c\u00e2teva zeci de astfel de modele de recomand\u0103ri.<\/p>\n<h3>Profiler de interogare pe linie<\/h3>\n<p>\nAcum, dac\u0103 suprapune\u021bi interogarea de analizat pe planul original, pute\u021bi vedea c\u00e2t timp a fost necesar pentru fiecare operator \u00een parte \u2014 cam a\u0219a:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Despre ce tace EXPLAIN \u0219i cum s\u0103-l faci s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0766d331798d529363d10006ace211f3.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u2026 sau chiar a\u0219a:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Despre ce tace EXPLAIN \u0219i cum s\u0103-l faci s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/4efd23d84792c5a7f54b40e86ff17353.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u00cenlocuirea parametrilor \u00een interogare<\/h3>\n<p>\nDac\u0103 a\u021bi \u201eata\u0219at\u201d planului nu doar interogarea, ci \u0219i parametrii s\u0103i din linia DETAIL a jurnalului, atunci ve\u021bi putea s\u0103-l copia\u021bi \u00een plus \u00een una din variante:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cu \u00eenlocuirea valorilor \u00een interogare<br \/>\npentru executarea direct\u0103 pe baza dumneavoastr\u0103 \u0219i profilarea ulterioar\u0103<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"sql\">SELECT 'const', 'param'::text;<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>cu \u00eenlocuirea valorilor prin PREPARE\/EXECUTE<br \/>\npentru a emula func\u021bionarea planificatorului, c\u00e2nd partea parametrizat\u0103 poate fi ignorat\u0103 \u2014 de exemplu, atunci c\u00e2nd lucra\u021bi cu tabele sec\u021bionate<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"sql\">DEALLOCATE ALL;\nPREPARE q(text) AS SELECT 'const', $1::text;\nEXECUTE q('param'::text);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Arhiva planurilor<\/h3>\n<p>\nIntroduce\u021bi, analiza\u021bi, \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219i\u021bi cu colegii! Planurile vor r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een arhiv\u0103 \u0219i ve\u021bi putea reveni la ele mai t\u00e2rziu: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/explain.tensor.ru\/archive\/\">explain.tensor.ru\/archive<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Dar dac\u0103 nu dori\u021bi ca planul dumneavoastr\u0103 s\u0103 fie v\u0103zut de al\u021bii, nu uita\u021bi s\u0103 bifa\u021bi op\u021biunea \u201enu publica \u00een arhiv\u0103\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen articolele urm\u0103toare voi vorbi despre dificult\u0103\u021bile \u0219i solu\u021biile care apar \u00een analiza planului.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/tensor\/blog\/477624\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 DBA \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0446 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u2014 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u043e PostgreSQL, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e: \u00ab\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e?\u00bb \u0422\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d: \u043d\u0435\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c JOIN \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 CTE \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e 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