{"id":75939,"date":"2020-03-29T19:42:19","date_gmt":"2020-03-29T17:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kompaniya-cloudflare-podgotovila-patchi-kardinalno-uskoryayushhie-diskovoe-shifrovanie-v-linux"},"modified":"2020-03-29T19:42:19","modified_gmt":"2020-03-29T17:42:19","slug":"kompaniya-cloudflare-podgotovila-patchi-kardinalno-uskoryayushhie-diskovoe-shifrovanie-v-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/kompaniya-cloudflare-podgotovila-patchi-kardinalno-uskoryayushhie-diskovoe-shifrovanie-v-linux","title":{"rendered":"Compania Cloudflare a preg\u0103tit repara\u021bii care accelereaz\u0103 semnificativ criptarea pe disc \u00een Linux","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dezvoltatorii de la Cloudflare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/speeding-up-linux-disk-encryption\/\">au declarat<\/a><\/noindex> au realizat lucr\u0103ri de optimizare a performan\u021bei cript\u0103rii pe disc \u00een nucleul Linux. Ca urmare, au fost preg\u0103tite <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/cloudflare\/linux\/tree\/master\/patches\">patch-uri<\/a><\/noindex> pentru subsystema <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gitlab.com\/cryptsetup\/cryptsetup\/-\/wikis\/DMCrypt\">dm-crypt<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i Crypto API, care au permis \u00een testele sintetice cre\u0219terea cu peste dou\u0103 ori a capacit\u0103\u021bii de transmisie la citire \u0219i scriere, precum \u0219i reducerea la jum\u0103tate a \u00eent\u00e2rzierilor. \u00cen testele pe echipamente reale, cheltuielile din criptare au fost reduse practic la nivelul observat la utilizarea unui disc f\u0103r\u0103 criptare.<\/p>\n<p>Cloudflare folose\u0219te dm-crypt pentru criptarea datelor pe dispozitivele utilizate pentru cache-ul de con\u021binut \u00een re\u021beaua CDN. Dm-crypt func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivelul dispozitivului de bloc \u0219i efectueaz\u0103 criptarea cererilor de intrare\/ie\u0219ire pentru scriere \u0219i decriptarea cererilor de citire, ac\u021bion\u00e2nd ca un strat \u00eentre dispozitivul de bloc \u0219i driverul sistemului de fi\u0219iere. <\/p>\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog-cloudflare-com-assets.storage.googleapis.com\/2020\/03\/storage-stack.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Compania Cloudflare a preg\u0103tit repara\u021bii care accelereaz\u0103 semnificativ criptarea pe disc \u00een Linux\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/85a5ec907119f64eb19edadfc80011a6.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Pentru evaluarea performan\u021bei dm-crypt, s-a folosit pachetul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/fio.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/fio_doc.html\">Flexible I\/O tester<\/a><\/noindex> unde s-au m\u0103surat vitezele de acces la parti\u021bii criptate \u0219i nesecurizate pe un disc RAM amplasat \u00een RAM pentru a exclude fluctua\u021biile de performan\u021b\u0103 ale discurilor \u0219i a se concentra pe performan\u021ba codului. Pentru parti\u021biile nesecurizate, performan\u021ba la citire \u0219i scriere s-a men\u021binut la aproximativ 1126 MB\/s, \u00eens\u0103 activarea cript\u0103rii a redus viteza <b>de 7 ori<\/b> ajung\u00e2nd la 147 MB\/s. <\/p>\n<p>La \u00eenceput, a ap\u0103rut suspiciunea utiliz\u0103rii unor algoritmi ineficien\u021bi \u00een criptosistemul nucleului. \u00cens\u0103, \u00een teste a fost utilizat cel mai rapid algoritm aes-xts cu cheia de criptare de 256 bi\u021bi, a c\u0103rui performan\u021b\u0103 \u00een timpul &#171;cryptsetup benchmark&#187; este de peste dou\u0103 ori mai mare dec\u00e2t rezultatul ob\u021binut prin testarea unui disc RAM. Experimentele cu flag-urile dm-crypt pentru optimizarea performan\u021bei nu au avut rezultate: utilizarea flag-ului &#171;&#8212;perf-same_cpu_crypt&#187; a redus chiar performan\u021ba la 136 MB\/s, iar utilizarea flag-ului &#171;&#8212;perf-submit_from_crypt_cpus&#187; a crescut doar la 166 MB\/s.<\/p>\n<p>O analiz\u0103 mai profund\u0103 a logicii de func\u021bionare a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 dm-crypt nu este at\u00e2t de simplu pe c\u00e2t pare &#8212; atunci c\u00e2nd driverul FS trimite o cerere de scriere, dm-crypt nu o proceseaz\u0103 imediat, ci o pune \u00een coada &#171;kcryptd&#187;, care nu este procesat\u0103 imediat, ci la un moment oportun. Din coad\u0103, cererea este trimis\u0103 c\u0103tre Linux Crypto API pentru criptare. \u00cens\u0103, deoarece Crypto API utilizeaz\u0103 un model de execu\u021bie asincron, criptarea nu se face imediat, ci trece printr-o alt\u0103 coad\u0103. Dup\u0103 finalizarea cript\u0103rii, dm-crypt poate \u00eencerca s\u0103 sorteze cererile de scriere \u00een a\u0219teptare, folosind un arbore de c\u0103utare. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%87%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE\">ro\u0219u-negru<\/a><\/noindex>. La final, un thread separat al nucleului preia din nou, cu o \u00eent\u00e2rziere specific\u0103, cererile acumulate de intrare\/ie\u0219ire \u0219i le trimite \u00een stiva dispozitivului bloc.<\/p>\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog-cloudflare-com-assets.storage.googleapis.com\/2020\/03\/dm-crypt.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Compania Cloudflare a preg\u0103tit repara\u021bii care accelereaz\u0103 semnificativ criptarea pe disc \u00een Linux\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2b64e1e781d01d3735c9ba81411ec026.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2nd se citesc datele, la \u00eenceput dm-crypt adaug\u0103 \u00een coada &#171;kcryptd_io&#187; cererea pentru a ob\u021bine date de pe suport. Dup\u0103 un timp, datele devin disponibile \u0219i sunt plasate \u00een coada &#171;kcryptd&#187; pentru decriptare.<br \/>\nKcryptd trimite cererea c\u0103tre Linux Crypto API, care decripteaz\u0103 informa\u021bia \u00een mod asincron. Cererile nu trec \u00eentotdeauna prin toate cozile, dar \u00een cel mai r\u0103u scenariu, cererea de scriere r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een cozi de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 4 ori, iar cererea de citire de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 3 ori. Fiecare intrare \u00een coad\u0103 duce la apari\u021bia \u00eent\u00e2rzierilor, care sunt principala cauz\u0103 a sc\u0103derii semnificative a performan\u021bei dm-crypt. <\/p>\n<p>Utilizarea coada este determinat\u0103 de necesitatea de a lucra \u00een condi\u021bii de apari\u021bie a \u00eentreruperilor. \u00cen 2005, c\u00e2nd a fost implementat modelul actual de func\u021bionare dm-crypt bazat pe cozi, Crypto API nu era \u00eenc\u0103 asincron. Dup\u0103 ce Crypto API a fost transformat \u00eentr-un model asincron de execu\u021bie, s-a aplicat practic o protec\u021bie dubl\u0103. Cozile au fost introduse \u0219i pentru a economisi consumul stivei nucleului, dar dup\u0103 cre\u0219terea acesteia \u00een 2014, aceste optimiz\u0103ri au devenit neglijabile. O coad\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 &#171;kcryptd_io&#187; a fost introdus\u0103 pentru a dep\u0103\u0219i un punct de blocaj care ducea la a\u0219teptarea aloc\u0103rii memoriei \u00een timp ce se primeau un num\u0103r mare de cereri. \u00cen 2015, a fost introdus\u0103 o faz\u0103 de sortare, deoarece cererile de criptare pe sistemele multi-CPU puteau finaliza f\u0103r\u0103 a respecta ordinea de trimitere (\u00een loc de acces secven\u021bial la disc, se realiza acces aleatoriu, iar planificatorul CFQ func\u021biona ineficient). \u00cen prezent, utilizarea SSD-urilor a f\u0103cut ca sortarea s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i piard\u0103 sensul, iar planificatorul CFQ nu mai este utilizat \u00een nucleu.<\/p>\n<p>Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 unit\u0103\u021bile moderne au devenit mai rapide \u0219i mai inteligente, sistemul de distribu\u021bie a resurselor \u00een nucleul Linux a fost reevaluat \u0219i unele subsisteme au fost reproiectate, inginerii Cloudflare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/cloudflare\/linux\/blob\/master\/patches\/0023-Add-DM_CRYPT_FORCE_INLINE-flag-to-dm-crypt-target.patch\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> \u00cen dm-crypt exist\u0103 un nou mod de func\u021bionare, care nu mai utilizeaz\u0103 cozi inutile \u0219i apeluri asincrone. Modului i se activeaz\u0103 un steag separat &#171;force_inline&#187; \u0219i aduce dm-crypt la forma unui simplu proxy, care cripteaz\u0103 \u0219i decripteaz\u0103 cererile primite. Interac\u021biunea cu Crypto API a fost optimizat\u0103 prin alegerea explicit\u0103 a algoritmilor de criptare care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een mod sincron \u0219i nu utilizeaz\u0103 cozi de cereri. Pentru func\u021bionarea sincron\u0103 cu Crypto API a fost <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/cloudflare\/linux\/blob\/master\/patches\/0024-Add-xtsproxy-Crypto-API-module.patch\">sub licen\u021ba MIT. Instrumentul utilizeaz\u0103 metode de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu analiza static\u0103 \u0219i dinamic\u0103 a codului JavaScript. Se afirm\u0103 c\u0103 utilizarea \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103rii automate a permis \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea semnificativ\u0103 a preciziei \u00een identificarea codului pentru identificarea ascuns\u0103 \u0219i a identificat cu 26% mai multe scripturi problematice<\/a><\/noindex> un modul, care permite utilizarea FPU\/AES-NI pentru accelerare \u0219i care transfer\u0103 direct cererile de criptare \u0219i decriptare.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen rezultat, \u00een timpul test\u0103rii discului RAM, a fost posibil s\u0103 se creasc\u0103 performan\u021ba dm-crypt de mai bine de dou\u0103 ori \u2014 performan\u021ba a crescut de la 294 MB\/s (2 x 147 MB\/s) la 640 MB\/s, ceea ce este foarte aproape de performan\u021ba cript\u0103rii brute (696 MB\/s).<br \/>\n<center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog-cloudflare-com-assets.storage.googleapis.com\/2020\/03\/read-throughput-annotated.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Compania Cloudflare a preg\u0103tit repara\u021bii care accelereaz\u0103 semnificativ criptarea pe disc \u00een Linux\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/d7f7edcc0251f0fbc0fd3095cce8f8a0.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><br \/>\n<center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog-cloudflare-com-assets.storage.googleapis.com\/2020\/03\/write-throughput-annotated.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Compania Cloudflare a preg\u0103tit repara\u021bii care accelereaz\u0103 semnificativ criptarea pe disc \u00een Linux\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2c9fd0549da22ee1987a166604f69c0b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><br \/>\n<center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog-cloudflare-com-assets.storage.googleapis.com\/2020\/03\/await-annotated.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Compania Cloudflare a preg\u0103tit repara\u021bii care accelereaz\u0103 semnificativ criptarea pe disc \u00een Linux\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/a0c9d02ef10ad90b2deaeddde0e2434b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen testarea \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rilor pe servere reale, noua implementare a ar\u0103tat o performan\u021b\u0103 foarte apropiat\u0103 de configura\u021bia care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 criptare, iar activarea cript\u0103rii pe serverele cu cache Cloudflare nu a influen\u021bat viteza de r\u0103spuns. \u00cen continuare, Cloudflare pl\u0103nuie\u0219te s\u0103 includ\u0103 patch-urile preg\u0103tite \u00een nucleul principal al Linux, dar \u00eenainte de aceasta, va fi necesar\u0103 o reproiectare, deoarece acestea sunt optimizate pentru o anumit\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u0219i nu acoper\u0103 toate domeniile de aplicare, de exemplu, criptarea pe dispozitive \u00eencorporate cu putere redus\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog-cloudflare-com-assets.storage.googleapis.com\/2020\/03\/prod.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Compania Cloudflare a preg\u0103tit repara\u021bii care accelereaz\u0103 semnificativ criptarea pe disc \u00een Linux\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/cad243a99fa04bb74f5e6a25ae2e7b3e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52630\">opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Cloudflare \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 Linux. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b dm-crypt \u0438 Crypto API, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":75940,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Cloudflare \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 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