{"id":76047,"date":"2020-03-30T19:42:04","date_gmt":"2020-03-30T17:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-kubernetes-1-18-sistemy-upravleniya-klasterom-izolirovannyh-kontejnerov"},"modified":"2020-03-30T19:42:04","modified_gmt":"2020-03-30T17:42:04","slug":"vypusk-kubernetes-1-18-sistemy-upravleniya-klasterom-izolirovannyh-kontejnerov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/vypusk-kubernetes-1-18-sistemy-upravleniya-klasterom-izolirovannyh-kontejnerov","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea Kubernetes 1.18, un sistem de gestionare a clusterelor de containere izolate","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/blog\/2020\/03\/25\/kubernetes-1-18-release-announcement\/\">Publicat<\/a><\/noindex> lansarea platformei pentru orchestrationul containerelor <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/\">Kubernetes 1.18<\/a><\/noindex>, care permite gestionarea unui cluster de containere izolate ca un \u00eentreg \u0219i ofer\u0103 mecanisme pentru desf\u0103\u0219urarea, \u00eentre\u021binerea \u0219i scalarea aplica\u021biilor desf\u0103\u0219urate \u00een containere. Proiectul a fost ini\u021bial creat de Google, dar a fost ulterior transferat pe o platform\u0103 independent\u0103, gestionat\u0103 de Linux Foundation. Platforma este pozi\u021bionat\u0103 ca o solu\u021bie universal\u0103 dezvoltat\u0103 de comunitate, nelegat\u0103 de sisteme specifice \u0219i capabil\u0103 s\u0103 func\u021bioneze cu orice aplica\u021bii \u00een orice medii cloud. Codul Kubernetes este scris \u00een limbajul Go \u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/kubernetes\">se r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te<\/a><\/noindex> sub licen\u021ba Apache 2.0. <\/p>\n<p>ofer\u0103 func\u021bii pentru desf\u0103\u0219urarea \u0219i gestionarea infrastructurii, cum ar fi gestionarea bazei DNS, echilibrarea sarcinii,<br \/>\ndistribu\u021bia containerelor pe nodurile clusterului (migrarea containerelor \u00een func\u021bie de schimb\u0103rile de sarcin\u0103 \u0219i necesit\u0103\u021bile serviciilor), verificarea func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii la nivelul aplica\u021biilor, gestionarea conturilor, actualizarea \u0219i scalarea dinamic\u0103 a clusterului \u00een func\u021biune, f\u0103r\u0103 a-l opri. Este posibil\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219urarea grupurilor de containere cu opera\u021biuni de actualizare \u0219i anulare a modific\u0103rilor simultan pentru \u00eentreaga grup\u0103, precum \u0219i subdivizarea logic\u0103 a clusterului \u00een p\u0103r\u021bi cu separarea resurselor. Exist\u0103 suport pentru migrarea dinamic\u0103 a aplica\u021biilor, pentru care pot fi utilizate at\u00e2t stoc\u0103ri locale, c\u00e2t \u0219i sisteme de stocare \u00een re\u021bea. <\/p>\n<p>Lansarea Kubernetes 1.18 include 38 de modific\u0103ri \u0219i \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri, dintre care 15 sunt trecute \u00een stadiul stabil, iar 11 \u00een stadiul beta. 12 modific\u0103ri noi sunt propuse \u00een stadiul alfa. \u00cen preg\u0103tirea noii versiuni, s-au depus eforturi egale at\u00e2t pentru \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea diferitelor func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i stabilizarea caracteristicilor experimentale, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru ad\u0103ugarea de dezvolt\u0103ri noi. Cele mai importante modific\u0103ri:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Kubectl\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/blob\/master\/keps\/sig-cli\/20190805-kubectl-debug.md\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> versiunea alpha a comenzii &#171;kubectl debug&#187;, care simplific\u0103 depanarea \u00een pods, prin lansarea de containere efemere cu instrumente de depanare.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/blob\/master\/keps\/sig-cli\/20200115-kubectl-diff.md\">Anun\u021bat ca stabil<\/a><\/noindex> comanda &#171;kubectl diff&#187;, care permite vizualizarea a ceea ce se va schimba \u00een cluster dac\u0103 se aplic\u0103 manifestul.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/kubernetes\/pull\/87077\">Au fost eliminate<\/a><\/noindex> to\u021bi generatorii comenzii &#171;kubectl run&#187;, cu excep\u021bia generatorului pentru lansarea unui singur pod.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/kubernetes\/pull\/87580\">Au fost modificate<\/a><\/noindex> flagul &#171;&#8212;dry-run&#187;, \u00een func\u021bie de valoarea sa (client, server \u0219i none) executarea de test a comenzii se face fie pe partea clientului, fie pe partea serverului.\n<li class=\"l\"> Codul kubectl <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/blob\/master\/keps\/sig-cli\/kubectl-staging.md\">a fost separat<\/a><\/noindex> \u00eentr-un depozit distinct. Acest lucru a permis separarea kubectl de dependen\u021bele interne Kubernetes \u0219i a facilitat importul codului \u00een proiecte ter\u021be.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ingress\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/758\">A \u00eenceput<\/a><\/noindex> schimbarea grupului API pentru Ingress la networking.v1beta1.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/blob\/master\/keps\/sig-network\/20190125-ingress-api-group.md\">Ad\u0103ugate<\/a><\/noindex> c\u00e2mpuri noi:\n<ul>\n<li> pathType, care permite specificarea modului \u00een care va fi comparat calea \u00een cerere\n<li> IngressClassName &#8212; \u00eenlocuirea anota\u021biei kubernetes.io\/ingress.class, care a fost declarat\u0103 deprecated. \u00cen acest c\u00e2mp se specific\u0103 numele obiectului special IngressClass.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/services-networking\/ingress\/#ingress-class\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> obiectul IngressClass, \u00een care se specific\u0103 numele controlerului de ingresa, parametrii s\u0103i suplimentari \u0219i semnul utiliz\u0103rii sale ca implicit\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Serviciu\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/services-networking\/service\/#application-protocol\">A fost ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> c\u00e2mpul AppProtocol, \u00een care se poate specifica ce protocol folose\u0219te aplica\u021bia\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/services-networking\/endpoint-slices\/\">a fost tradus<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een statut beta \u0219i inclus implicit EndpointSlicesAPI, care este o \u00eenlocuire mai func\u021bional\u0103 pentru Endpoints obi\u0219nuite.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Re\u021bea\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/508\">Asisten\u021b\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> IPv6 a fost trecut\u0103 \u00een statut beta.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Discuri permanente. Urm\u0103toarea func\u021bionalitate a fost declarat\u0103 stabil\u0103:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/989\">Clonarea PVC<\/a><\/noindex>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/features\/issues\/351\">Utilizarea dispozitivelor raw de bloc non-re\u021bea ca discuri permanente<\/a><\/noindex>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/565\">Suport pentru dispozitivele raw de bloc \u00een CSI<\/a><\/noindex>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/603\">Transmiterea informa\u021biilor despre pod-ul care a solicitat conectarea discului, \u00een driverul CSI<\/a><\/noindex>\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Configurarea aplica\u021biei\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">  \u00cen obiectele ConfigMap \u0219i Secret <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/reference\/generated\/kubernetes-api\/v1.18\/#configmap-v1-core\">ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> c\u00e2mpul nou &#171;immutable&#187;. Setarea valorii c\u00e2mpului la true interzice modificarea obiectului.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Planificatorul de sarcini din Airflow este construit pe\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/blob\/master\/keps\/sig-scheduling\/20200114-multi-scheduling-profiles.md\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> posibilitatea de a crea profiluri suplimentare pentru kube-scheduler. Dac\u0103 anterior era necesar s\u0103 se lanseze planificatori suplimentari separa\u021bi pentru a implementa algoritmi neconven\u021bionali de distribu\u021bie a podurilor, acum a ap\u0103rut posibilitatea de a crea seturi suplimentare de configurare pentru planificatorul standard \u0219i de a-i specifica numele \u00een acela\u0219i c\u00e2mp al podului &#171;.spec.schedulerName&#187;. Statutul &#8212; alpha.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/configuration\/taint-and-toleration\/#taint-based-evictions\">Evacuarea pe baza Taint<\/a><\/noindex> declarat\u0103 stabil\u0103\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Scalare\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/blob\/master\/keps\/sig-autoscaling\/20190307-configurable-scale-velocity-for-hpa.md\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> posibilitatea de a specifica \u00een manifestul HPA gradul de agresivitate \u00een modificarea num\u0103rului de pod-uri rulate, adic\u0103 la cre\u0219terea sarcinii s\u0103 se porneasc\u0103 imediat de N ori mai multe instan\u021be.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Kubelet\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/nolancon\/website\/blob\/f4200307260ea3234540ef13ed80de325e1a7267\/content\/en\/docs\/tasks\/administer-cluster\/topology-manager.md\">Managerul de Topologie<\/a><\/noindex> a ob\u021binut statut beta. Func\u021bia include distribuirea NUMA, ceea ce permite evitarea degrad\u0103rii performan\u021bei pe sistemele cu mai multe socket-uri.\n<li class=\"l\"> Statut beta <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/configuration\/pod-overhead\/\">a primit<\/a><\/noindex>  func\u021bia PodOverhead, care permite specificarea \u00een RuntimeClass a unui num\u0103r suplimentar de resurse necesare pentru a rula un pod.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/1539\">Extins\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> suport pentru HugePages, izolarea la nivel de container \u0219i suportul pentru dimensiuni multiple de hugepages a fost ad\u0103ugat \u00een statut alpha.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/kubernetes\/pull\/86282\">\u0218ters<\/a><\/noindex> endpoint pentru metrici \/metrics\/resource\/v1alpha1, \u00een locul s\u0103u se folose\u0219te \/metrics\/resource\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> API\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/kubernetes\/pull\/85903\">Finalizat<\/a><\/noindex> a fost eliminat\u0103 posibilitatea de a utiliza API-urile \u00eenvechite group apps\/v1beta1 \u0219i extensions\/v1beta1.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/reference\/using-api\/api-concepts\/#server-side-apply\">ServerSide Apply<\/a><\/noindex> elevat la statutul beta2. Aceast\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bire transfer\u0103 manipularea obiectelor din kubectl \u00een API-server. Autorii \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birii afirm\u0103 c\u0103 acest lucru va permite remedierea multor erori existente, care nu pot fi corectate \u00een situa\u021bia curent\u0103. De asemenea, au ad\u0103ugat sec\u021biunea &#171;.metadata.managedFields&#187;, \u00een care propun stocarea istoricului modific\u0103rilor obiectului, indic\u00e2nd cine, c\u00e2nd \u0219i ce anume a fost modificat.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/blob\/master\/keps\/sig-auth\/20190607-certificates-api.md\">Declarat<\/a><\/noindex> API-ul CertificateSigningRequest este stabil.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Suport pentru platforma Windows.\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Suportul pentru nodurile Windows continu\u0103 s\u0103 se extind\u0103. Au fost ad\u0103ugate versiuni alpha:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/1001\">Suport pentru CRI-Containerd<\/a><\/noindex>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/1301\">Implementarea RuntimeClass<\/a><\/noindex>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/1122\">CSI proxy<\/a><\/noindex>\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Suportul a fost transformat \u00een statut stabil\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/689\">Group Managed Service Account<\/a><\/noindex>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/1043\">RunAsUserName<\/a><\/noindex>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52635\">opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 Kubernetes 1.18, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u043c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 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\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0443, \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 Linux Foundation. \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c 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