{"id":76388,"date":"2020-04-02T01:43:05","date_gmt":"2020-04-01T23:43:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/devops-chto-eto-zachem-i-naskolko-vostrebovano"},"modified":"2020-04-02T01:43:05","modified_gmt":"2020-04-01T23:43:05","slug":"devops-chto-eto-zachem-i-naskolko-vostrebovano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/devops-chto-eto-zachem-i-naskolko-vostrebovano","title":{"rendered":"DevOps \u2014 ce este, de ce este necesar \u0219i c\u00e2t de solicitat este?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"DevOps \u2014 ce este, de ce este necesar \u0219i c\u00e2t de solicitat este?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/19ffb8288c6e460557722ccb688b1fe3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nCu c\u00e2\u021biva ani \u00een urm\u0103, a ap\u0103rut o nou\u0103 specialitate \u00een IT, inginerul DevOps. Aceasta a devenit foarte rapid una dintre cele mai populare \u0219i c\u0103utate meserii pe pia\u021b\u0103. Dar paradoxul este c\u0103 popularitatea DevOps se datoreaz\u0103 par\u021bial faptului c\u0103 companiile care angajeaz\u0103 astfel de speciali\u0219ti \u00eei confund\u0103 adesea cu reprezentan\u021bi ai altor profesii.\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nAcest articol este dedicat analizei nuan\u021belor profesiei DevOps, situa\u021biei actuale pe pia\u021b\u0103 \u0219i perspectivelor. Am clarificat aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 complex\u0103 cu ajutorul decanului <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/geekbrains.ru\/geek_university\/devops?utm_source=habr&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=habr-career\">facult\u0103\u021bii DevOps de la GeekBrains<\/a><\/noindex> de la Universitatea online GeekUniversity, Dmitry Burkovskiy.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>A\u0219adar, ce este DevOps?<\/h2>\n<p>\nTermenul se traduce ca Operations Development. Aceasta nu este at\u00e2t o specialitate, c\u00e2t un mod de organizare a muncii \u00eentr-o companie medie sau mare \u00een preg\u0103tirea unui produs sau serviciu. Problema este c\u0103, \u00een procesul de preg\u0103tire, sunt implicate diferite departamente ale acelea\u0219i companii, iar ac\u021biunile acestora nu sunt \u00eentotdeauna bine coordonate.\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nDe exemplu, dezvoltatorii nu \u0219tiu \u00eentotdeauna ce probleme \u00eent\u00e2mpin\u0103 utilizatorii care lucreaz\u0103 cu programul sau serviciul lansat. Suportul tehnic \u0219tie totul foarte bine, dar poate s\u0103 nu fie la curent cu ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00ab\u00een interiorul\u00bb software-ului. Aici intervine inginerul DevOps, care ajut\u0103 la coordonarea procesului de dezvoltare, favorizeaz\u0103 automatizarea proceselor \u0219i \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te transparen\u021ba acestora.\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nConceptul DevOps une\u0219te oameni, procese \u0219i instrumente.\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tie \u0219i s\u0103 poat\u0103 inginerul DevOps?<\/h2>\n<p>\nPotrivit unuia dintre cei mai cunoscu\u021bi sus\u021bin\u0103tori ai conceptului DevOps, Joe Sanchez, un reprezentant al profesiei trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 bine nuan\u021bele acestui concept, s\u0103 aib\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103 \u00een administrarea sistemelor at\u00e2t Windows, c\u00e2t \u0219i Linux, s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 codul scris \u00een diferite limbaje de programare, s\u0103 lucreze cu Chef, Puppet, Ansible. Este evident c\u0103, pentru a analiza codul, trebuie s\u0103 cuno\u0219ti mai multe limbaje de programare, \u0219i nu doar s\u0103 cuno\u0219ti, ci s\u0103 ai \u0219i experien\u021b\u0103 de dezvoltare. De asemenea, este foarte dorit s\u0103 ai experien\u021b\u0103 \u00een testarea produselor software \u0219i serviciilor gata.\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nDar aceasta \u00een ideal, un astfel de nivel de experien\u021b\u0103 \u0219i cuno\u0219tin\u021be nu se g\u0103se\u0219te la fiecare reprezentant al domeniului IT. Iat\u0103 o list\u0103 minim\u0103 de cuno\u0219tin\u021be \u0219i experien\u021b\u0103 necesare pentru un bun DevOps:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>OS GNU\/Linux, Windows.<\/li>\n<li>Cel pu\u021bin 1 limbaj de programare (Python, Go, Ruby).<\/li>\n<li>Limbajul de scriptare al shell-ului \u2014 bash pentru lucrul cu Linux \u0219i powershell \u00een cazul Windows.<\/li>\n<li>Sistem de control al versiunilor \u2014 Git.<\/li>\n<li>Sisteme de gestionare a configura\u021biei (Ansible, Puppet, Chef).<\/li>\n<li>Cel pu\u021bin una dintre platformele pentru orchestrarea containerelor (Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, Apache Mesos, Amazon EC2 Container Service, Microsoft Azure Container Service).<\/li>\n<li>Capacitatea de a lucra cu furnizorii de cloud (de exemplu: AWS, GCP, Azure etc.) utiliz\u00e2nd Terraform, \u0219tiind cum se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 aplica\u021bia \u00een cloud.<\/li>\n<li>Capacitatea de a configura un pipeline CI\/CD (Jenkins, GitLab), stiva ELK, sisteme de monitorizare (Zabbix, Prometheus).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nIat\u0103 o list\u0103 de abilit\u0103\u021bi pe care speciali\u0219tii DevOps le indic\u0103 cel mai adesea pe Habr Cariera.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"DevOps \u2014 ce este, de ce este necesar \u0219i c\u00e2t de solicitat este?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/0ca363834042a764dc4a529439eeb084.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00cen plus, specialistul DevOps trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 nevoile \u0219i cerin\u021bele afacerii, s\u0103 vad\u0103 rolul s\u0103u \u00een procesul de dezvoltare \u0219i s\u0103 fie capabil s\u0103 construiasc\u0103 procesul av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere interesele clientului.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Dar ce e cu pragul de intrare?<\/h2>\n<p>\nLista de cuno\u0219tin\u021be \u0219i experien\u021b\u0103 nu a fost \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor prezentat\u0103 mai sus. Acum este mai u\u0219or s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem cine poate deveni specialist DevOps. Se dovede\u0219te c\u0103 cea mai u\u0219oar\u0103 tranzi\u021bie spre aceast\u0103 profesie se face de c\u0103tre reprezentan\u021bii altor specialit\u0103\u021bi IT, \u00een special \u2013 administratori de sistem \u0219i dezvoltatori. At\u00e2t unii, c\u00e2t \u0219i al\u021bii pot acumula rapid experien\u021ba \u0219i cuno\u0219tin\u021bele necesare. Jum\u0103tate din setul necesar ei deja \u00eel au, iar de multe ori - chiar mai mult de jum\u0103tate.<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nDe asemenea, devin excelent inginer DevOps \u0219i testerii. Ace\u0219tia \u0219tiu ce \u0219i cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103, sunt la curent cu deficien\u021bele \u0219i neajunsurile software-ului \u0219i \u201ehard-ului\u201d. Se poate spune c\u0103 un tester care cunoa\u0219te limbaje de programare \u0219i \u0219tie s\u0103 scrie programe - este, practic, un DevOps \u00een devenire.<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nDar unui reprezentant al unei specialit\u0103\u021bi non-tehnice, care nu a avut niciodat\u0103 de a face cu dezvoltarea sau administrarea sistemelor, \u00eei va fi dificil. Desigur, nimic nu este imposibil, dar totu\u0219i, \u00eencep\u0103torii trebuie s\u0103 evalueze realist propriile for\u021be. Timpul necesar pentru a ob\u021bine \u201ebagajul\u201d necesar nu va fi pu\u021bin.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Unde poate lucra un DevOps?<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00centr-o companie mare, al c\u0103rei activitate este direct sau indirect legat\u0103 de dezvoltarea de aplica\u021bii \u0219i administrarea \u201ehard-ului\u201d. Exist\u0103 o cerere maxim\u0103 pentru inginerii DevOps \u00een companiile care ofer\u0103 un num\u0103r mare de servicii clien\u021bilor finali. Acestea includ b\u0103nci, operatori de telecomunica\u021bii, cei mai mari furnizori de internet etc. Printre companiile care angajeaz\u0103 activ ingineri DevOps se num\u0103r\u0103 Google, Facebook, Amazon, Adobe.<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nImplementarea DevOps \u0219i startup-uri cu afaceri mici, dar pentru multe dintre aceste companii, angajarea inginerilor DevOps este mai mult o tendin\u021b\u0103 dec\u00e2t o necesitate real\u0103. Desigur, sunt \u0219i excep\u021bii, dar nu sunt at\u00e2t de multe. Companiile mici au nevoie, mai degrab\u0103, de \u201eun meseria\u0219, un secer\u0103tor \u0219i un c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u021b\u201d, adic\u0103 o persoan\u0103 capabil\u0103 s\u0103 lucreze pe mai multe direc\u021bii. Un CTO bun poate face fa\u021b\u0103 tuturor acestor cerin\u021be. Este important ca pentru micile afaceri s\u0103 existe rapiditate \u00een lucru, optimizarea proceselor de lucru fiind critic\u0103 pentru afacerile medii \u0219i mari.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva oferte de munc\u0103 (pute\u021bi urm\u0103ri cele noi pe Habr Career la <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/career.habr.com\/vacancies?q=devops&amp;divisions%5B%5D=administration\">acest link<\/a><\/noindex>):<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/career.habr.com\/vacancies?q=devops&amp;divisions%5B%5D=administration&amp;_ga=2.50919593.1499110322.1585571680-1463635512.1578641637&amp;type=all\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"DevOps \u2014 ce este, de ce este necesar \u0219i c\u00e2t de solicitat este?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/297616b1f15ebf78758ee10e0e6aa3c5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Salariul DevOps \u00een Rusia \u0219i \u00een lume<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00cen Rusia, salariul mediu al unui inginer DevOps este de aproximativ 132 de mii de ruble pe lun\u0103. Acestea sunt calcule realizate prin calculatorul de salarii al serviciului Habr Career, efectuate pe baza a 170 de chestionare pentru al doilea semestru din 2020. Da, e\u0219antionul nu este foarte mare, dar ca o \u201etemperatur\u0103 medie \u00een spital\u201d este suficient de relevant.\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/career.habr.com\/salaries?utf8=%E2%9C%93&amp;p=192&amp;sg=3&amp;s=22&amp;q=&amp;skills%5B%5D=&amp;skills%5B%5D=&amp;skills%5B%5D=&amp;employment_type=&amp;remote=&amp;company_id=\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"DevOps \u2014 ce este, de ce este necesar \u0219i c\u00e2t de solicitat este?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/bfd7553a716300ae30835551263aad4a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nExist\u0103 salarii de 250 de mii de ruble, exist\u0103 \u0219i \u00een jur de 80 de mii sau pu\u021bin mai jos. Totul depinde de companie, calificare \u0219i desigur, de specialistul \u00een sine.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/career.habr.com\/user_graphs\/364\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"DevOps \u2014 ce este, de ce este necesar \u0219i c\u00e2t de solicitat este?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/0c1d5ecc217c7704ef000bf616a54524.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te alte \u021b\u0103ri, statisticile despre salarii sunt de asemenea cunoscute. O munc\u0103 bun\u0103 a fost realizat\u0103 de speciali\u0219tii Stack Overflow, care au analizat chestionarele a aproape 90 de mii de persoane \u2014 nu doar DevOps, ci \u0219i din alte domenii tehnice. S-a dovedit c\u0103 Engineering Manager \u0219i inginerii DevOps sunt cei care c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 cel mai bine.\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nUn inginer DevOps c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 aproximativ 71 de mii de dolari pe an. Potrivit datelor de pe resource Ziprecruiter.com, salariul unui profesionist din acest domeniu variaz\u0103 de la 86 de mii de dolari pe an. Iar serviciul Payscale.com arat\u0103 cifre chiar mai pl\u0103cute \u2014 salariul mediu al unui specialist DevOps, conform acestui serviciu, dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te 91 de mii de dolari. \u0218i aceasta este salariul unui specialist junior, \u00een timp ce unul senior poate c\u00e2\u0219tiga 135 de mii.\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00cen concluzie, merit\u0103 spus c\u0103 cererea pentru DevOps cre\u0219te treptat, cererea pentru speciali\u0219ti de orice nivel dep\u0103\u0219ind oferta. A\u0219adar, dac\u0103 ave\u021bi dorin\u021ba \u2014 pute\u021bi \u00eencerca s\u0103 v\u0103 \u00eendrepta\u021bi spre acest domeniu. Totu\u0219i, trebuie s\u0103 \u021bine\u021bi minte c\u0103 doar dorin\u021ba nu este suficient\u0103. Este necesar s\u0103 v\u0103 dezvolta\u021bi constant, s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 lucra\u021bi.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/habr_career\/blog\/494940\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0432 IT \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00a0 DevOps-\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0435. \u041d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0441 \u2014 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c DevOps \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043d\u044e\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 DevOps, \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":76389,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0432 IT \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/devops-chto-eto-zachem-i-naskolko-vostrebovano\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47DevOps \u2014 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c, \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e? 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