{"id":76911,"date":"2020-04-06T07:42:08","date_gmt":"2020-04-06T05:42:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-instrumentariya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-i-lxd-4-0"},"modified":"2020-04-06T07:42:08","modified_gmt":"2020-04-06T05:42:08","slug":"vypusk-instrumentariya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-i-lxd-4-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/vypusk-instrumentariya-upravleniya-kontejnerami-lxc-i-lxd-4-0","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea instrumentelor de gestionare a containerelor LXC \u0219i LXD 4.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Compania Canonical <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ubuntu.com\/blog\/lxd-4-0-lts-stable-release-is-now-available\">a publicat<\/a><\/noindex> lansarea instrumentelor pentru organizarea muncii containerelor izolate <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxcontainers.org\/lxc\/\">LXC 4.0<\/a><\/noindex>, manager de containere <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxcontainers.org\/lxd\/\">LXD 4.0<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i sistem de fi\u0219iere virtual <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/linuxcontainers.org\/lxcfs\/\">LXCFS 4.0<\/a><\/noindex> pentru simularea \u00een containere a \/proc, \/sys \u0219i reprezentarea virtualizat\u0103 a cgroupfs pentru distribu\u021bii f\u0103r\u0103 suport pentru spa\u021biile de nume pentru cgroup. Ramura 4.0 este clasificat\u0103 ca av\u00e2nd suport pe termen lung, actualiz\u0103rile fiind generate pe parcursul a 5 ani<\/p>\n<p>LXC reprezint\u0103 un runtime pentru a rula at\u00e2t containere de sistem, c\u00e2t \u0219i containere pentru aplica\u021bii individuale (OCI). LXC include biblioteca liblxc, un set de utilitare (lxc-create, lxc-start, lxc-stop, lxc-ls etc.), \u0219abloane pentru construirea containerelor \u0219i un set de binding-uri pentru diverse limbaje de programare. Izolarea se realizeaz\u0103 folosind mecanismele de baz\u0103 ale nucleului Linux. Procesul de izolare a stack-ului de re\u021bea, ipc, uts, identificatorii de utilizator \u0219i punctele de montare utilizeaz\u0103 mecanismul spa\u021biilor de nume (namespaces). Resursele sunt limitate prin intermediul cgroups. Pentru reducerea privilegiilor \u0219i limitarea accesului, sunt utilizate func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bile nucleului, cum ar fi profilele Apparmor \u0219i SELinux, politicile Seccomp, Chroots (pivot_root) \u0219i capabilities. Codul LXC <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/lxc\/lxc\">este scris\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> este scris \u00een limbajul C \u0219i este distribuit sub licen\u021ba GPLv2.<\/p>\n<p>LXD reprezint\u0103 o suprastructur\u0103 pe LXC, CRIU \u0219i QEMU, utilizat\u0103 pentru gestionarea centralizat\u0103 a containerelor \u0219i a ma\u0219inilor virtuale pe unul sau mai multe servere. Dac\u0103 LXC este un instrument de nivel jos pentru manipularea la nivel de containere individuale, LXD este implementat ca un proces de fundal care accept\u0103 solicit\u0103rile prin re\u021bea prin intermediul REST API \u0219i permite crearea de configura\u021bii scalabile desf\u0103\u0219urate pe un cluster de servere multiple.<br \/>\nSunt acceptate diferite backend-uri de stocare (arbore de directoare, ZFS, Btrfs, LVM), instantanee cu o sec\u021biune de stare, migrarea live a containerelor active de pe o ma\u0219in\u0103 pe alta \u0219i instrumente pentru gestionarea stoc\u0103rii imaginilor. Codul LXD <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/lxc\/lxd\">este scris\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> este scris \u00een limbajul Go \u0219i este distribuit sub licen\u021ba Apache 2.0.<\/p>\n<p>Principalele <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/discuss.linuxcontainers.org\/t\/lxc-4-0-lts-has-been-released\/7182\">\u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een LXC 4.0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Driverul pentru gestionarea cgroup a fost complet rescris. A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suportul pentru ierarhia unificat\u0103 cgroup (cgroup2). A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 func\u021bionalitatea controlerului freezer, care permite suspendarea func\u021bion\u0103rii \u00een cgroup \u0219i eliberarea temporar\u0103 a unor resurse (CPU, input\/output \u0219i poten\u021bial chiar memorie) pentru a \u00eendeplini alte sarcini;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost realizat\u0103 o infrastructur\u0103 pentru interceptarea apelurilor sistemului;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru subsystemul kernelului \u00abpidfd\u00bb, destinat pentru gestionarea situa\u021biei reutiliz\u0103rii PID (pidfd se leag\u0103 de un proces specific \u0219i nu se schimb\u0103, \u00een timp ce PID poate fi asociat cu un alt proces dup\u0103 terminarea procesului curent asociat cu acest PID);\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 crearea \u0219i \u0219tergerea dispozitivelor de re\u021bea, precum \u0219i mutarea acestora \u00eentre spa\u021biile de nume ale subsistemului de re\u021bea;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost implementat\u0103 posibilitatea de a muta dispozitivele de re\u021bea wireless (nl80211) \u00een containere.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Principalele  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/discuss.linuxcontainers.org\/t\/lxd-4-0-lts-has-been-released\/7231\/\">\u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een LXD 4.0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru lansarea nu doar a containerelor, ci \u0219i a ma\u0219inilor virtuale;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru segmentarea serverelor LXD a fost propus\u0103 o concep\u021bie de proiecte, care simplific\u0103 gestionarea grupurilor de containere \u0219i ma\u0219ini virtuale. Fiecare proiect poate include un set propriu de containere, ma\u0219ini virtuale, imagini, profile \u0219i sec\u021biuni de stocare. \u00cen leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu proiectele se pot stabili propriile restric\u021bii \u0219i se pot modifica set\u0103rile;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru interceptarea apelurilor sistemului pentru containere;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost implementat\u0103 crearea de backup-uri pentru medii \u0219i restaurarea acestora;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost asigurat\u0103 crearea automatizat\u0103 de snapshot-uri pentru medii \u0219i sec\u021biuni de stocare, cu posibilitatea de a stabili durata de existen\u021b\u0103 a snapshot-ului;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat un API pentru monitorizarea st\u0103rii re\u021belei (lxc network info);\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru   <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/linuxkit\/linuxkit\/tree\/master\/projects\/shiftfs\">shiftfs<\/a><\/noindex>, FS virtual pentru asocierea punctelor de montare cu spa\u021biile de nume ale identificatorilor de utilizator (user namespace);\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost propuse noi tipuri de adaptoare de re\u021bea \u00abipvlan\u00bb \u0219i \u00abrouted\u00bb;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat un backend pentru utilizarea stoc\u0103rilor bazate pe CephFS;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru clustere a fost implementat suportul pentru replicarea imaginilor \u0219i configura\u021bii multi-arhitectur\u0103;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 posibilitatea de gestionare a accesului bazat pe roluri (RBAC);\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru CGroup2;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 posibilitatea de a configura adresa MAC \u0219i de a determina adresa surs\u0103 pentru NAT;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat un API pentru gestionarea leg\u0103turilor \u00een DHCP (leases);\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru Nftables.\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52679\">opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Canonical \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 LXC 4.0, \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 LXD 4.0 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421 LXCFS 4.0 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \/proc, \/sys \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f cgroupfs \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f cgroup. \u0412\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 4.0 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0441 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 5 \u043b\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Canonical \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 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