{"id":77298,"date":"2020-04-10T01:42:31","date_gmt":"2020-04-09T23:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8"},"modified":"2020-04-10T01:42:31","modified_gmt":"2020-04-09T23:42:31","slug":"kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8","title":{"rendered":"Cum s\u0103 instala\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) \u00een CentOS 8","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><b>\u00cen pragul \u00eenceperii cursului <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/BztB\/\">\u201eAdministrator Linux\u201d<\/a><\/noindex> am preg\u0103tit traducerea unui material interesant.<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 instala\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) \u00een CentOS 8\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/e0f652f377fb48798444f1db1de5a376.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAIDE este abrevierea pentru \u201eAdvanced Intrusion Detection Environment\u201d (mediu avansat de detectare a intruziunilor) - aceasta este una dintre cele mai populare sisteme pentru monitorizarea modific\u0103rilor \u00een sistemele de operare bazate pe Linux. AIDE este folosit pentru a proteja \u00eempotriva malware-ului, virusurilor \u0219i pentru a detecta ac\u021biuni neautorizate. Pentru a verifica integritatea fi\u0219ierelor \u0219i a detecta intruziuni, AIDE creeaz\u0103 o baz\u0103 de date cu informa\u021bii despre fi\u0219iere \u0219i compar\u0103 starea curent\u0103 a sistemului cu aceast\u0103 baz\u0103. AIDE ajut\u0103 la reducerea timpului de investigare a incidentelor, concentr\u00e2ndu-se asupra fi\u0219ierelor care au fost modificate.<\/p>\n<p>Func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bile AIDE:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Suport pentru diferite atribute de fi\u0219iere, inclusiv: tipul fi\u0219ierului, inode, uid, gid, permisiuni, num\u0103rul de leg\u0103turi, mtime, ctime \u0219i atime.<\/li>\n<li>Suport pentru compresie Gzip, SELinux, XAttrs, Posix ACL \u0219i atribute ale sistemului de fi\u0219iere.<\/li>\n<li>Suport pentru diverse algoritmi, inclusiv md5, sha1, sha256, sha512, rmd160, crc32 etc.<\/li>\n<li>Trimiterea de notific\u0103ri prin e-mail.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u00cen acest articol vom explora cum s\u0103 instal\u0103m \u0219i s\u0103 utiliz\u0103m AIDE pentru detectarea intruziunilor \u00een CentOS 8.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Cerin\u021be preliminare<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Un server care ruleaz\u0103 CentOS 8, cu un minim de 2 GB de RAM.<\/li>\n<li>Acces root<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>\u00cencepem<\/h3>\n<p>\nSe recomand\u0103 mai \u00eent\u00e2i actualizarea sistemului. Pentru aceasta, executa\u021bi urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dnf update -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDup\u0103 actualizare, reporni\u021bi sistemul pentru ca modific\u0103rile s\u0103 aib\u0103 efect.<\/p>\n<h3>Instalarea AIDE<\/h3>\n<p>\nAIDE este disponibil \u00een depozitul implicit CentOS 8. O pute\u021bi instala cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 execut\u00e2nd urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dnf install aide -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDup\u0103 finalizarea instal\u0103rii, pute\u021bi verifica versiunea AIDE folosind urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --version<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTrebuie s\u0103 vede\u021bi urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Aide 0.16\n\nCompilat cu urm\u0103toarele op\u021biuni:\n\nWITH_MMAP\nWITH_PCRE\nWITH_POSIX_ACL\nWITH_SELINUX\nWITH_XATTR\nWITH_E2FSATTRS\nWITH_LSTAT64\nWITH_READDIR64\nWITH_ZLIB\nWITH_CURL\nWITH_GCRYPT\nWITH_AUDIT\nCONFIG_FILE = \"\/etc\/aide.conf\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nParametrii disponibili <code>aide<\/code> se pot vizualiza astfel:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --help<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 instala\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) \u00een CentOS 8\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/b85d16149448ab22bb6b09ee66bf5bc8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Crearea \u0219i ini\u021bializarea bazei de date<\/h3>\n<p>\nPrimul lucru pe care trebuie s\u0103-l face\u021bi dup\u0103 instalarea AIDE este s\u0103-l ini\u021bializa\u021bi. Ini\u021bializarea const\u0103 \u00een crearea unei baze de date (snapshot) a tuturor fi\u0219ierelor \u0219i directorilor serverului.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a ini\u021bializa baza de date, executa\u021bi urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --init<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTrebuie s\u0103 vede\u021bi urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Timestamp de \u00eenceput: 2020-01-16 03:03:19 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE a ini\u021bializat baza de date \u00een \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n\nNum\u0103rul de intr\u0103ri:\t49472\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nAtributele bazei de date (necomprimate):\n---------------------------------------------------\n\n\/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n  MD5      : 4N79P7hPE2uxJJ1o7na9sA==\n  SHA1     : Ic2XBj50MKiPd1UGrtcUk4LGs0M=\n  RMD160   : rHMMy5WwHVb9TGUc+TBHFHsPCrk=\n  TIGER    : vkb2bvB1r7DbT3n6d1qYVfDzrNCzTkI0\n  SHA256   : tW3KmjcDef2gNXYqnOPT1l0gDFd0tBh9\n             xWXT2iaEHgQ=\n  SHA512   : VPMRQnz72+JRgNQhL16dxQC9c+GiYB8g\n             uZp6uZNqTvTdxw+w\/IYDSanTtt\/fEkiI\n             nDw6lgDNI\/ls2esijukliQ==\n\n\nTimestamp de sf\u00e2r\u0219it: 2020-01-16 03:03:44 -0500 (timp de execu\u021bie: 0m 25s)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nComanda de mai sus va crea o nou\u0103 baz\u0103 de date <code>aide.db.new.gz<\/code> \u00een catalogul <code>\/var\/lib\/aide<\/code>. Poate fi vizualizat\u0103 folosind urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ls -l \/var\/lib\/aide<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nRezultatul:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">total 2800\n-rw------- 1 root root 2863809 Jan 16 03:03 aide.db.new.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAIDE nu va utiliza acest nou fi\u0219ier de baz\u0103 de date p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd nu este redenumit \u00een <code>aide.db.gz<\/code>. Acest lucru poate fi realizat astfel:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mv \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nSe recomand\u0103 actualizarea periodic\u0103 a acestei baze de date pentru a asigura monitorizarea necesar\u0103 a modific\u0103rilor. <\/p>\n<p>Loca\u021bia bazei de date poate fi schimbat\u0103 modific\u00e2nd parametrul <code>DBDIR<\/code> \u00een fi\u0219ierul <code>\/etc\/aide.conf<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3>Rularea verific\u0103rii<\/h3>\n<p>\nAcum AIDE este gata s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 noua baz\u0103 de date. Rula\u021bi prima verificare AIDE f\u0103r\u0103 a face modific\u0103ri:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nExecutarea acestei comenzi va dura ceva timp, \u00een func\u021bie de dimensiunea sistemului de fi\u0219iere \u0219i de cantitatea de memorie RAM de pe serverul dumneavoastr\u0103. Dup\u0103 finalizarea verific\u0103rii, ar trebui s\u0103 vede\u021bi urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Timestamp de \u00eenceput: 2020-01-16 03:05:07 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE nu a g\u0103sit DIFFEREN\u021aE \u00eentre baza de date \u0219i sistemul de fi\u0219iere. Arat\u0103 bine!!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nIe\u0219irea de mai sus indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 toate fi\u0219ierele \u0219i directoarele corespund bazei de date AIDE.<\/p>\n<h3>Test\u0103m AIDE<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u00cen mod implicit, AIDE nu monitorizeaz\u0103 directorul r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 implicit Apache <code>\/var\/www\/html.<\/code> S\u0103 configur\u0103m AIDE pentru a-l vizualiza. Pentru aceasta, trebuie s\u0103 modific\u0103m fi\u0219ierul <code>\/etc\/aide.conf<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/etc\/aide.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAd\u0103uga\u021bi deasupra liniei <code>\"\/root\/CONTENT_EX\"<\/code> the following:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/var\/www\/html\/ CONTENT_EX<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nApoi, crea\u021bi fi\u0219ierul <code>aide.txt<\/code> \u00een catalogul <code>\/var\/www\/html\/<\/code>, folosind urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">echo \"Test AIDE\" &gt; \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAcum rula\u021bi verificarea AIDE \u0219i asigura\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 fi\u0219ierul creat este detectat.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTrebuie s\u0103 vede\u021bi urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Timestamp de \u00eenceput: 2020-01-16 03:09:40 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE a g\u0103sit diferen\u021be \u00eentre baza de date \u0219i sistemul de fi\u0219iere!!\n\nSumar:\n  Num\u0103rul total de intr\u0103ri:\t49475\n  Intr\u0103ri ad\u0103ugate:\t\t1\n  Intr\u0103ri \u0219terse:\t\t0\n  Intr\u0103ri modificate:\t\t0\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nIntr\u0103ri ad\u0103ugate:\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nf++++++++++++++++: \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVedem c\u0103 fi\u0219ierul creat a fost detectat <code>aide.txt<\/code>.<br \/>\nDup\u0103 analiza modific\u0103rilor detectate, actualiza\u021bi baza de date AIDE.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --update<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDup\u0103 actualizare, ve\u021bi vedea urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Timestamp de \u00eenceput: 2020-01-16 03:10:41 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE a g\u0103sit diferen\u021be \u00eentre baza de date \u0219i sistemul de fi\u0219iere!!\nNoua baz\u0103 de date AIDE a fost scris\u0103 \u00een \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n\nRezumat:\n  Num\u0103rul total de intr\u0103ri:\t49475\n  Intr\u0103ri ad\u0103ugate:\t\t1\n  Intr\u0103ri eliminate:\t\t0\n  Intr\u0103ri modificate:\t\t0\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nIntr\u0103ri ad\u0103ugate:\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nf++++++++++++++++: \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nComanda de mai sus va crea o nou\u0103 baz\u0103 de date <code>aide.db.new.gz<\/code> \u00een catalogul <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/var\/lib\/aide\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nO pute\u021bi vizualiza cu urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ls -l \/var\/lib\/aide\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nRezultatul:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">total 5600\n-rw------- 1 root root 2864012 Jan 16 03:09 aide.db.gz\n-rw------- 1 root root 2864100 Jan 16 03:11 aide.db.new.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAcum, redenumi\u021bi din nou noua baz\u0103 de date, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t AIDE s\u0103 utilizeze noua baz\u0103 pentru a urm\u0103ri modific\u0103rile ulterioare. O pute\u021bi redenumi astfel:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mv \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nRula\u021bi din nou verificarea pentru a v\u0103 asigura c\u0103 AIDE folose\u0219te noua baz\u0103 de date:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTrebuie s\u0103 vede\u021bi urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Timestamp de \u00eenceput: 2020-01-16 03:12:29 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE a g\u0103sit NICI O diferen\u021b\u0103 \u00eentre baza de date \u0219i sistemul de fi\u0219iere. Arat\u0103 bine!!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Automatiz\u0103m verificarea<\/h3>\n<p>\nEste o idee bun\u0103 s\u0103 rula\u021bi AIDE \u00een fiecare zi \u0219i s\u0103 trimite\u021bi un raport prin e-mail. Acest proces poate fi automatizat cu cron.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/etc\/crontab<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPentru a rula verificarea AIDE \u00een fiecare zi la 10:15, ad\u0103uga\u021bi la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul fi\u0219ierului urm\u0103toarea linie:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">15 10 * * * root \/usr\/sbin\/aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAcum AIDE v\u0103 va notifica prin e-mail. Pute\u021bi verifica e-mailul folosind urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">tail -f \/var\/mail\/root<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nLogul AIDE poate fi vizualizat cu urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">tail -f \/var\/log\/aide\/aide.log<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Concluzie<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u00cen acest articol, a\u021bi \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat cum s\u0103 folosi\u021bi AIDE pentru a detecta modific\u0103rile fi\u0219ierelor \u0219i pentru a identifica accesul neautorizat la server. Pentru set\u0103ri suplimentare, pute\u021bi modifica fi\u0219ierul de configurare \/etc\/aide.conf. \u00cen scopuri de securitate, se recomand\u0103 s\u0103 p\u0103stra\u021bi baza de date \u0219i fi\u0219ierul de configurare pe un suport accesibil doar \u00een modul de citire. Informa\u021bii suplimentare pot fi g\u0103site \u00een documenta\u021bie. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/7\/html\/security_guide\/sec-using-aide\">Documenta\u021bia AIDE<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<b><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/BztB\/\">Afl\u0103 mai multe despre curs.<br \/>\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/496312\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00ab\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 Linux\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430. AIDE \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u201cAdvanced Intrusion Detection Environment\u201d (\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439) \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 Linux. AIDE \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c, \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 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