{"id":77515,"date":"2020-04-11T01:42:41","date_gmt":"2020-04-10T23:42:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vtiskivaem-windows-server-na-malomoshhnuyu-vps-s-pomoshhyu-windows-server-core"},"modified":"2020-04-11T01:42:41","modified_gmt":"2020-04-10T23:42:41","slug":"vtiskivaem-windows-server-na-malomoshhnuyu-vps-s-pomoshhyu-windows-server-core","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vtiskivaem-windows-server-na-malomoshhnuyu-vps-s-pomoshhyu-windows-server-core","title":{"rendered":"Instalarea Windows Server pe o VPS de mic\u0103 putere cu ajutorul Windows Server Core","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/496476\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Instalarea Windows Server pe o VPS de mic\u0103 putere cu ajutorul Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/409b5d824729bda2e7749f71526235b1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nDin cauza consumului ridicat de resurse al sistemelor Windows, \u00een medii VPS domin\u0103 distribu\u021biile Linux u\u0219oare: Mint, Colibri OS, Debian sau Ubuntu, lipsite de un mediu desktop greu, inutil \u00een cadrul sarcinilor noastre. A\u0219a cum se spune, doar consola, doar hardcor! \u0218i, de fapt, nu este deloc o exagerare: acela\u0219i Debian porne\u0219te cu 256 MB memorie \u0219i un nucleu cu frecven\u021ba de 1 GHz, adic\u0103 aproape pe orice \"butuc\". Pentru o func\u021bionare confortabil\u0103, sunt necesari cel pu\u021bin 512 MB \u0219i un procesor pu\u021bin mai rapid. Dar ce-ar fi s\u0103 v\u0103 spunem c\u0103 cam acelea\u0219i lucruri pot fi realizate pe VPS cu Windows? C\u0103 nu este nevoie s\u0103 instala\u021bi un Windows Server greu, care necesit\u0103 de la trei la patru gigaocte\u021bi de memorie RAM \u0219i minimum dou\u0103 nuclee cu frecven\u021ba de 1,4 GHz? Pur \u0219i simplu folosi\u021bi Windows Server Core \u2014 sc\u0103pa\u021bi de GUI \u0219i de unele servicii. Despre cum s\u0103 face\u021bi acest lucru, vom vorbi \u00een articol.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Cine este acest Windows Server Core?<\/h2>\n<p>\nInforma\u021biile clare despre ce este Windows (server) Core nu sunt nici m\u0103car pe site-ul oficial al Microsoft, ba chiar acolo sunt at\u00e2t de \u00eencurcate \u00eenc\u00e2t nu vei \u00een\u021belege imediat, dar primele men\u021biuni dateaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din epoca Windows Server 2008. Practic, Windows Core este un nucleu func\u021bional al Windows Server (surprinz\u0103tor!), \"sl\u0103bit\" pe dimensiunea propriului GUI \u0219i aproximativ jum\u0103tate din serviciile secundare.<\/p>\n<p>Principalul aspect al Windows Core este cerin\u021bele minime de hardware \u0219i gestionarea complet\u0103 prin consol\u0103 prin PowerShell.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 ne adres\u0103m site-ului Microsoft \u0219i verific\u0103m cerin\u021bele tehnice, pentru a porni Windows Server 2016\/2019 ave\u021bi nevoie de cel pu\u021bin 2 GB de memorie RAM \u0219i un nucleu cu frecven\u021ba de 1,4 GHz. Dar cu to\u021bii \u00een\u021belegem c\u0103 pe o astfel de configura\u021bie ne putem a\u0219tepta doar la pornirea sistemului, dar cu siguran\u021b\u0103 nu la o func\u021bionare confortabil\u0103 a sistemului nostru de operare. Tocmai din acest motiv, pentru a rula Windows Server, de obicei se aloc\u0103 mai mult\u0103 memorie \u0219i minimum 2 nuclee\/4 fire de procesor, dac\u0103 nu cumva \u00eei ofer\u0103 o ma\u0219in\u0103 fizic\u0103 scump\u0103 pe un Xeon, \u00een loc de o ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103 ieftin\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Totu\u0219i, nucleul sistemului de server necesit\u0103 doar 512 MB de memorie, iar resursele procesorului pe care GUI le consum\u0103 doar pentru a fi afi\u0219at pe ecran \u0219i pentru a men\u021bine numeroasele sale servicii active pot fi utilizate pentru ceva mai util.<\/p>\n<p>Iat\u0103 o compara\u021bie a serviciilor acceptate \"din cutie\" \u00een Windows Core \u0219i Windows Server complet din partea site-ului oficial Microsoft:<\/p>\n<p><strong>application<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>server core<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>server cu<\/strong><strong>experien\u021b\u0103 desktop<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Linie de comand\u0103<br \/>\ndisponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Windows PowerShell\/Microsoft .NET<br \/>\ndisponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Perfmon.exe<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Windbg (GUI)<br \/>\nsus\u021binut<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Resmon.exe<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Regedit<br \/>\ndisponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Fsutil.exe<br \/>\ndisponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Disksnapshot.exe<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Diskpart.exe<br \/>\ndisponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Diskmgmt.msc<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Devmgmt.msc<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Server Manager<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Mmc.exe<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Eventvwr<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Wevtutil (interog\u0103ri de evenimente)<br \/>\ndisponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Services.msc<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Panoul de control<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Actualizare Windows (GUI)<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Explorator Windows<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Taskbar<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Notific\u0103ri pe bara de activit\u0103\u021bi<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Taskmgr<br \/>\ndisponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Internet Explorer sau Edge<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Sistemul de ajutor \u00eencorporat<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Shell Windows 10<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Windows Media Player<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>PowerShell<br \/>\ndisponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>PowerShell ISE<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>PowerShell IME<br \/>\ndisponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Mstsc.exe<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Servicii Desktop la distan\u021b\u0103<br \/>\ndisponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>Hyper-V Manager<br \/>\nnu disponibil<br \/>\ndisponibil<\/p>\n<p>\nDup\u0103 cum se poate observa, din Windows Core au fost eliminate multe lucruri. Serviciile \u0219i procesele asociate cu GUI-ul sistemului, precum \u0219i tot felul de 'moloz' care cu siguran\u021b\u0103 nu va fi necesar pe ma\u0219ina noastr\u0103 virtual\u0103 de consol\u0103, de exemplu, Windows Media Player.<\/p>\n<h2>Aproape ca Linux, dar nu este<\/h2>\n<p>\nWindows Server Core este adesea comparat cu distribu\u021biile Linux, dar, de fapt, nu este chiar corect. Da, aceste sisteme sunt asem\u0103n\u0103toare \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te consumul redus de resurse datorit\u0103 renun\u021b\u0103rii la GUI \u0219i multe servicii accesorii, dar \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te exploatarea \u0219i anumite abord\u0103ri de construc\u021bie, este \u00eenc\u0103 Windows, nu un sistem unix.<\/p>\n<p>Cel mai simplu exemplu \u2014 prin construirea manual\u0103 a nucleului Linux \u0219i instalarea ulterioar\u0103 a pachetelor \u0219i serviciilor, chiar \u0219i cea mai u\u0219oar\u0103 distribu\u021bie Linux poate fi transformat\u0103 \u00eentr-un sistem greu \u0219i asem\u0103n\u0103tor unui cu\u021bit elve\u021bian (aici este foarte tentant s\u0103 fac o glum\u0103 despre Python \u0219i s\u0103 introduc o imagine din seria \u201eDac\u0103 limbajele de programare ar fi arme\u201d, dar nu o vom face). \u00cen Windows Core exist\u0103 mult mai pu\u021bin\u0103 libertate, deoarece, \u00een fond, avem de-a face cu un produs Microsoft.<\/p>\n<p>Windows Server Core vine deja cu o construc\u021bie gata f\u0103cut\u0103, configura\u021bia implicit\u0103 a c\u0103reia poate fi evaluat\u0103 din tabelul de mai sus. Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi nevoie de ceva din lista nedeschis\u0103, va trebui s\u0103 ad\u0103uga\u021bi elementele lips\u0103 online prin consol\u0103. Totu\u0219i, nu trebuie uitat despre Feature on demand \u0219i posibilitatea de a desc\u0103rca componentele sub form\u0103 de fi\u0219iere CAB, care pot fi apoi ad\u0103ugate la construc\u021bie \u00eenainte de instalare. Dar acest scenariu nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 dac\u0103, \u00een timpul utiliz\u0103rii, a\u021bi descoperit c\u0103 v\u0103 lipse\u0219te vreun serviciu eliminat.<\/p>\n<p>Dar ceea ce distinge Core-ul de versiunea complet\u0103 este capacitatea de a actualiza sistemul \u0219i de a ad\u0103uga servicii f\u0103r\u0103 a opri func\u021bionarea acestuia. Windows Core suport\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219urarea pachetelor 'pe c\u0103ldur\u0103', f\u0103r\u0103 reboot. Ca urmare, conform observa\u021biilor practice: o ma\u0219in\u0103 care ruleaz\u0103 din Windows Core trebuie repornit\u0103 de aproximativ 6 ori mai rar dec\u00e2t una care ruleaz\u0103 Windows Server, adic\u0103 o dat\u0103 la \u0219ase luni, nu o dat\u0103 pe lun\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Un bonus pl\u0103cut pentru administratori este c\u0103, dac\u0103 sistemul este utilizat a\u0219a cum a fost conceput - prin consol\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 RDP - \u0219i nu din acesta se face un al doilea Windows Server, atunci devine extrem de sigur \u00een compara\u021bie cu versiunea complet\u0103. Majoritatea vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor Windows Server sunt legate de RDP \u0219i de ac\u021biunile utilizatorului care, prin RDP, face ceea ce nu ar trebui. Este ca povestea cu Henry Ford \u0219i atitudinea sa fa\u021b\u0103 de culoarea ma\u0219inii: \u201eOrice client poate avea o ma\u0219in\u0103 vopsit\u0103 \u00een orice culoare dore\u0219te, at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t este <strong>neagr\u0103<\/strong>. A\u0219a este \u0219i cu sistemul: utilizatorul poate comunica cu sistemul \u00een orice mod, important este s\u0103 o fac\u0103 prin <strong>consola<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Instalarea \u0219i gestionarea Windows Server 2019 Core<\/h2>\n<p>\nAnterior, am men\u021bionat c\u0103 Windows Core este, de fapt, Windows Server f\u0103r\u0103 interfa\u021ba GUI. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 pute\u021bi folosi aproape orice versiune de Windows Server ca versiune core, renun\u021b\u00e2nd astfel la GUI. Pentru produsele din familia Windows Server 2019, exist\u0103 3 din 4 versiuni de server disponibile: modul core este disponibil pentru Windows Server 2019 Standard Edition, Windows Server 2019 Datacenter \u0219i Hyper-V Server 2019, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t din aceast\u0103 list\u0103 lipsesc doar Windows Server 2019 Essentials. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acela\u0219i timp, pachetul de instalare Windows Server Core nu trebuie c\u0103utat \u00een mod special. \u00cen instalatorul standard de la Microsoft, versiunea core este oferit\u0103 practic implicit, \u00een timp ce versiunea cu GUI trebuie selectat\u0103 manual:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Instalarea Windows Server pe o VPS de mic\u0103 putere cu ajutorul Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/8b2ca8401ef09ac026696a4007b615e7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nExist\u0103, de fapt, mai multe modalit\u0103\u021bi de gestionare a sistemului dec\u00e2t cea men\u021bionat\u0103, PowerShell, care este propus\u0103 de produc\u0103tor implicit. Po\u021bi gestiona o ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103 pe Windows Server Core \u00een minimum cinci moduri diferite:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PowerShell la distan\u021b\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Instrumentele de administrare a serverului la distan\u021b\u0103 (RSAT);<\/li>\n<li>Windows Admin Center;<\/li>\n<li>Sconfig;<\/li>\n<li>Server Manager.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nCele mai interesante sunt primele trei op\u021biuni: PowerShell standard, RSAT \u0219i Windows Admin Center. Totu\u0219i, este important s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem c\u0103, ob\u021bin\u00e2nd avantajele uneia dintre instrumente, suntem supu\u0219i \u0219i limit\u0103rilor impuse de aceasta.<\/p>\n<p>Nu ne vom extinde asupra posibilit\u0103\u021bilor consolei, PowerShell este PowerShell, cu avantajele \u0219i dezavantajele sale evidente. Cu RSAT \u0219i WAC, \u00eens\u0103, lucrurile sunt un pic mai complicate.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>WAC ofer\u0103 acces la elemente importante de control al sistemului, cum ar fi editarea registry-ului \u0219i gestionarea discurilor \u0219i dispozitivelor. RSAT, \u00een primul caz, func\u021bioneaz\u0103 doar \u00een modul de vizualizare \u0219i nu permite efectuarea de modific\u0103ri, iar pentru gestionarea discurilor \u0219i a dispozitivelor fizice, Remote Server Administration Tools necesit\u0103 un GUI, ceea ce nu se aplic\u0103 \u00een cazul nostru. \u00cen general, RSAT nu poate gestiona fi\u0219ierele \u0219i, prin urmare, actualiz\u0103rile, instalarea\\\/dezinstalarea programelor \u00een editarea registry-ului.<\/p>\n<h3>\u258dAdministrarea sistemului<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/code><br \/>\n<strong>WAC<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>RSAT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Administrarea componentelor<br \/>\nDa<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>Editor de registry<br \/>\nDa<br \/>\nNu<\/p>\n<p>Administrarea re\u021belei<br \/>\nDa<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>Vizualizarea evenimentelor<br \/>\nDa<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>Folder comun<br \/>\nDa<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>Administrarea discurilor<br \/>\nDa<br \/>\nNumai pentru servere cu GUI<\/p>\n<p>Planificator de sarcini<br \/>\nDa<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>Gestionarea dispozitivelor<br \/>\nDa<br \/>\nNumai pentru servere cu GUI<\/p>\n<p>Gestionarea fi\u0219ierelor<br \/>\nDa<br \/>\nNu<\/p>\n<p>Administrarea utilizatorilor<br \/>\nDa<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>Administrarea grupurilor<br \/>\nDa<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>Administrarea certificatelor<br \/>\nDa<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>Actualiz\u0103ri<br \/>\nDa<br \/>\nNu<\/p>\n<p>Dezinstalarea programelor<br \/>\nDa<br \/>\nNu<\/p>\n<p>Monitor de sistem<br \/>\nDa<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>\nPe de alt\u0103 parte, RSAT ne ofer\u0103 control complet asupra rolurilor de pe ma\u0219in\u0103, \u00een timp ce Windows Admin Center nu poate face practic nimic \u00een acest sens. Iat\u0103 o compara\u021bie a capacit\u0103\u021bilor RSAT \u0219i WAC \u00een acest aspect, pentru claritate:<\/p>\n<h3>\u258dAdministrarea rolurilor<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/code><br \/>\n<strong>WAC<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>RSAT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Advanced Thread Protection<br \/>\nPREVIEW<br \/>\nNu<\/p>\n<p>Windows Defender<br \/>\nPREVIEW<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>Containere<br \/>\nPREVIEW<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>AD Administrative Center<br \/>\nPREVIEW<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>AD Domain and Trusts<br \/>\nNu<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>AD sites and services<br \/>\nNu<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>DHCP<br \/>\nPREVIEW<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>DNS<br \/>\nPREVIEW<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>Manager DFS<br \/>\nNu<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>Manager GPO<br \/>\nNu<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>Manager IIS<br \/>\nNu<br \/>\nDa<\/p>\n<p>A\u0219adar, este deja evident c\u0103, renun\u021b\u00e2nd la GUI \u0219i PowerShell \u00een favoarea altor elemente de control, nu vom putea rezolva problemele folosind un singur instrument: pentru o administrare complet\u0103 pe toate fronturile, ne va fi necesar\u0103 cel pu\u021bin o combina\u021bie din RSAT \u0219i WAC. <\/p>\n<p>Trebuie s\u0103 \u021binem cont c\u0103 utilizarea WAC va costa \u00eentre 150 \u0219i 180 de megabytes de memorie RAM. Windows Admin Center, atunci c\u00e2nd se conecteaz\u0103, creeaz\u0103 3-4 sesiuni pe partea serverului, care nu se \u00eenchid nici m\u0103car dup\u0103 dezactivarea instrumentului de la ma\u0219ina virtual\u0103. De asemenea, WAC nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu versiunile mai vechi de PowerShell, deci ve\u021bi avea nevoie de m\u0103car PowerShell 5.0. Toate acestea contravin paradigmei noastre de economisire strict\u0103 a resurselor, dar confortul are un pre\u021b. \u00cen cazul nostru \u2014 memorie RAM. <\/p>\n<p>O alt\u0103 op\u021biune de administrare a Server Core este instalarea GUI-ului prin intermediul unor instrumente ter\u021b\u0103 parte, pentru a evita \u00eengreunarea cu tonele de \u201egunoi\u201d care vin \u00eempreun\u0103 cu o instala\u021bie complet\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest caz, avem dou\u0103 op\u021biuni: s\u0103 instal\u0103m Explorer-ul original pe sistem sau s\u0103 folosim Explorer++. Ca alternativ\u0103 la acesta, orice manager de fi\u0219iere va fi potrivit: Total Commander, FAR Manager, Double Commander \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe. Ultimul este preferabil dac\u0103 economisirea memoriei RAM este critic\u0103 pentru tine. Po\u021bi ad\u0103uga Explorer++ sau orice alt manager de fi\u0219iere prin crearea unei folder de re\u021bea \u0219i rul\u00e2ndu-l prin consol\u0103 sau programator. <\/p>\n<p>Instalarea unui Explorer complet ne va oferi mai multe op\u021biuni \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te lucrul cu software-ul dotat cu UI. Pentru asta va trebui <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/ru-ru\/windows-server\/get-started-19\/install-fod-19\">s\u0103 ne adres\u0103m<\/a><\/noindex> func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii Server Core App Compatibility Feature on Demand (FOD), care va readuce \u00een sistem MMC, Eventvwr, PerfMon, Resmon, Explorer.exe \u0219i chiar Powershell ISE. Totu\u0219i, pentru aceasta va trebui s\u0103 pl\u0103tim, a\u0219a cum se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u0219i cu WAC: vom pierde f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eentoarcere aproximativ 150-200 de megabyte de memorie RAM, pe care explorer.exe \u0219i alte servicii le vor consuma f\u0103r\u0103 mil\u0103. Chiar \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd nu exist\u0103 un utilizator activ pe ma\u0219in\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Instalarea Windows Server pe o VPS de mic\u0103 putere cu ajutorul Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5b59284a6cd606b0878aea5068c45894.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Instalarea Windows Server pe o VPS de mic\u0103 putere cu ajutorul Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/03a89f4d2c99ed9fcc588774b4618d1d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nA\u0219a arat\u0103 consumul de memorie al sistemului pe ma\u0219inile cu pachetul original Explorer \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 acesta. <\/p>\n<p>Aici apare o \u00eentrebare fireasc\u0103: de ce toate aceste jonglerii cu PowerShell, FOD, manageri de fi\u0219iere, dac\u0103 fiecare pas \u00een st\u00e2nga sau \u00een dreapta duce la o cre\u0219tere a consumului de memorie RAM? De ce s\u0103 ne umplem cu o mul\u021bime de instrumente \u0219i s\u0103 ne agitam de colo-colo pentru a ne asigura o munc\u0103 confortabil\u0103 pe Windows Server Core, c\u00e2nd putem pur \u0219i simplu s\u0103 instal\u0103m Windows Server 2016\/2019 \u0219i s\u0103 tr\u0103im ca un om normal?<\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva motive pentru a folosi Server Core. Primul: un consum de memorie aproape dublu mai mic. Dac\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi aminte\u0219ti, aceasta a fost condi\u021bia care a stat la baza articolului nostru \u00eenc\u0103 de la \u00eenceput. Iat\u0103, pentru compara\u021bie, consumul de memorie al Windows Server 2019, compar\u0103-l cu capturile de ecran de mai sus:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Instalarea Windows Server pe o VPS de mic\u0103 putere cu ajutorul Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4bda19f3561e1b7c1174aeb2f4689dc4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u0218i iat\u0103, 1146 MB consumat de memorie \u00een loc de 655 MB pe Core.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 nu vei avea nevoie de WAC \u0219i c\u0103 vei folosi Explorer++ \u00een loc de Explorer-ul original, atunci <strong>vei c\u00e2\u0219tiga \u00eenc\u0103 aproape o jum\u0103tate de hectar <\/strong>pe fiecare ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103 care ruleaz\u0103 Windows Server. Dac\u0103 ai o singur\u0103 virtual\u0103, atunci c\u00e2\u0219tigul este nesemnificativ, dar dac\u0103 sunt cinci? Aici, deja prezen\u021ba GUI-ului conteaz\u0103, mai ales dac\u0103 nu ai nevoie de el.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Al doilea \u2014 orice dansuri \u00een jurul Windows Server Core nu vor rezolva problema principal\u0103 a exploat\u0103rii Windows Server \u2014 RDP \u0219i securitatea acestuia (mai exact, absen\u021ba ei total\u0103). Windows Core, chiar \u0219i \u00een varianta sa FOD, RSAT \u0219i WAC, r\u0103m\u00e2ne un server f\u0103r\u0103 RDP, adic\u0103 nu este vulnerabil la 95% din atacurile existente.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00cen rest<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00cen general, Windows Core este doar u\u0219or \u201emai greu\u201d dec\u00e2t orice distribuitor Linux standard, dar este mult mai func\u021bional. Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi nevoie de eliberarea resurselor \u0219i sunte\u021bi dispus s\u0103 lucra\u021bi cu consola, WAC \u0219i RSAT, s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi manageri de fi\u0219iere \u00een loc de un GUI complet \u2014 atunci Core merit\u0103 aten\u021bie. Cu at\u00e2t mai mult cu c\u00e2t ve\u021bi putea economisi bani, evit\u00e2nd s\u0103 pl\u0103ti\u021bi pentru o versiune complet\u0103 de Windows, iar banii economisi\u021bi s\u0103-i cheltui\u021bi pe un upgrade al <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\">VPS<\/a><\/noindex>, ad\u0103ug\u00e2nd de exemplu, RAM. Pentru comoditate, am ad\u0103ugat Windows Server Core \u00een <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/marketplace\/servercore#order\">pia\u021ba noastr\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/#order\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Instalarea Windows Server pe o VPS de mic\u0103 putere cu ajutorul Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/51bc5f4abc6841d658b5859e4ecedc92.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/496476\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043e\u0440\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 Windows-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435 VPS \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0435 Linux-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b: Mint, Colibri OS, Debian \u0438\u043b\u0438 Ubuntu, \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0440! \u0418 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 Debian \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 256 MB \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c 1 Ghz, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":77516,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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