{"id":77649,"date":"2020-04-12T13:42:52","date_gmt":"2020-04-12T11:42:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/datagovernance-svoimi-silami"},"modified":"2020-04-12T13:42:52","modified_gmt":"2020-04-12T11:42:52","slug":"datagovernance-svoimi-silami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/datagovernance-svoimi-silami","title":{"rendered":"DataGovernance cu for\u021bele proprii","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Salut, Habr!<\/p>\n<p>Datele sunt cea mai valoroas\u0103 resurs\u0103 a unei companii. Acest lucru este sus\u021binut de aproape fiecare \u00eentreprindere cu un accent digital. Este greu de contestat: f\u0103r\u0103 a discuta despre metodele de gestionare, stocare \u0219i procesare a datelor, nu trece nici o mare conferin\u021b\u0103 IT.<\/p>\n<p>Datele ne vin din exterior, dar se formeaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00een interiorul companiei; iar dac\u0103 vorbim despre datele unei companii de telecomunica\u021bii, acestea reprezint\u0103 pentru angaja\u021bii interni o surs\u0103 de informa\u021bii despre client, interesele, obiceiurile \u0219i localizarea acestuia. Printr-o profilare \u0219i segmentare corect\u0103, propunerile de publicitate devin extrem de eficiente. Totu\u0219i, \u00een practic\u0103, lucrurile nu sunt at\u00e2t de roz. Datele pe care le p\u0103streaz\u0103 companiile pot fi complet \u00eenvechite, redundante, repetitive sau despre existen\u021ba lor \u0219tie doar un cerc restr\u00e2ns de utilizatori. \u00af_(\u30c4)_\/\u00af <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/rostelecom\/blog\/495934\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"DataGovernance cu for\u021bele proprii\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/612de9bc3f0df4fafdee9d1dffa94d05.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nPe scurt, datele trebuie gestionate eficient \u2013 doar \u00een acest caz ele devin un activ care aduce beneficii \u0219i profit real afacerii. Din p\u0103cate, pentru a rezolva problemele de gestionare a datelor, trebuie s\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219im numeroase dificult\u0103\u021bi. Acestea sunt determinate \u00een principal de mo\u0219tenirea istoric\u0103 sub form\u0103 de \u00abzoo\u00bb de sisteme \u0219i de lipsa unor procese \u0219i abord\u0103ri unificate pentru gestionarea acestora. Dar ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u00aba gestiona datele\u00bb?<\/p>\n<p>Despre aceasta vom discuta \u00een continuare, precum \u0219i despre modul \u00een care ne-a ajutat un stack opensource.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nConceptul de gestionare strategic\u0103 a datelor, Data Governance (DG), este deja bine cunoscut pe pia\u021ba din Rom\u00e2nia, iar obiectivele atinse de afaceri \u00een urma implement\u0103rii sale sunt clare \u0219i bine definite. Compania noastr\u0103 nu a fost o excep\u021bie, av\u00e2nd ca obiectiv implementarea conceptului de gestionare a datelor.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0219adar, cu ce am \u00eenceput? La \u00eenceput, ne-am formulat obiectivele cheie:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Asigurarea accesibilit\u0103\u021bii datelor noastre.<\/li>\n<li>Asigurarea transparen\u021bei ciclului de via\u021b\u0103 al datelor.<\/li>\n<li>Furnizarea de date coerente \u0219i consistente pentru utilizatorii din companie.<\/li>\n<li>Furnizarea de date verificate pentru utilizatorii din companie.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n\u00cen prezent, pe pia\u021ba software-ului exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva zeci de instrumente de tip Data Governance.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"DataGovernance cu for\u021bele proprii\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/aacfa4e149a42c428ba1cae1f152aae0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDar dup\u0103 o analiz\u0103 detaliat\u0103 \u0219i studierea solu\u021biilor, am constatat o serie de observa\u021bii critice:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Majoritatea produc\u0103torilor ofer\u0103 un set complex de solu\u021bii, care pentru noi sunt excesive \u0219i dubleaz\u0103 func\u021bionalitatea deja existent\u0103. \u00cen plus, integrarea \u00een peisajul IT actual este costisitoare din punct de vedere al resurselor.<\/li>\n<li>Func\u021bionalitatea \u0219i interfa\u021ba sunt destinate tehnicienilor, nu utilizatorilor de afaceri finali.<\/li>\n<li>Rata redus\u0103 de acceptare a produselor \u0219i lipsa implement\u0103rilor de succes pe pia\u021ba din Rusia.<\/li>\n<li>Costurile ridicate ale software-ului \u0219i ale \u00eentre\u021binerii ulterioare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nCriteriile \u0219i recomand\u0103rile men\u021bionate mai sus \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te \u00eenlocuirea software-ului pentru companiile ruse\u0219ti ne-au convins s\u0103 ne orient\u0103m spre dezvoltarea proprie pe un stack open source. Am ales ca platform\u0103 Django \u2013 un framework gratuit \u0219i open source, scris \u00een Python. Astfel, am identificat modulele cheie care vor contribui la atingerea obiectivelor men\u021bionate anterior:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Registrul rapoartelor.<\/li>\n<li>Gloasar de afaceri.<\/li>\n<li>Modul de descriere a transform\u0103rilor tehnice.<\/li>\n<li>Modul de descriere a ciclului de via\u021b\u0103 al datelor de la surs\u0103 la instrumentul BI.<\/li>\n<li>Modul de control al calit\u0103\u021bii datelor.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"DataGovernance cu for\u021bele proprii\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4645b9d360652319a341836584ca42ca.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Registrul rapoartelor<\/h2>\n<p>\nConform cercet\u0103rilor interne efectuate \u00een companii mari, angaja\u021bii, rezolv\u00e2nd sarcini legate de date, \u00ee\u0219i petrec 40\u201380% din timp c\u0103ut\u00e2ndu-le. Prin urmare, ne-am propus s\u0103 facem informa\u021biile despre rapoartele existente accesibile, care anterior erau disponibile doar pentru clien\u021bi. Astfel, reducem timpul necesar pentru generarea de noi rapoarte \u0219i asigur\u0103m democratizarea datelor.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"DataGovernance cu for\u021bele proprii\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1186a88bdfbcd4dc6c66defc0911e85e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nRegistrul rapoartelor a devenit o fereastr\u0103 unic\u0103 de raportare pentru utilizatorii interni din diferite regiuni, departamente \u0219i unit\u0103\u021bi. Acesta consolideaz\u0103 informa\u021biile privind serviciile informa\u021bionale create \u00een mai multe depozite corporative ale companiei, iar \u00een Rostelecom exist\u0103 multe.<\/p>\n<p>Dar registrul nu este doar o list\u0103 uscat\u0103 de rapoarte elaborate. Pentru fiecare raport oferim informa\u021biile necesare utilizatorului pentru a se familiariza singur cu acesta:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>o descriere scurt\u0103 a raportului;<\/li>\n<li>profunditatea accesibilit\u0103\u021bii datelor;<\/li>\n<li>segmentul clientului;<\/li>\n<li>instrumentul de vizualizare;<\/li>\n<li>numele depozitului corporativ;<\/li>\n<li>cerin\u021bele func\u021bionale de afaceri;<\/li>\n<li>linkul c\u0103tre raport;<\/li>\n<li>linkul c\u0103tre cererea de acces;<\/li>\n<li>starea implement\u0103rii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nRaportele ofer\u0103 analize privind utilizarea, iar acestea ajung \u00een topul listei pe baza analizei logurilor \u00een func\u021bie de num\u0103rul de utilizatori unici. \u0218i aceasta nu este tot. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 caracteristicile generale, am prev\u0103zut \u0219i o descriere detaliat\u0103 a compozi\u021biei atributelor rapoartelor, cu exemple de valori \u0219i metodologie de calcul. O astfel de detaliere ofer\u0103 imediat utilizatorului r\u0103spunsul dac\u0103 raportul este util sau nu. <\/p>\n<p>Dezvoltarea acestui modul a reprezentat un pas important \u00een democratizarea datelor \u0219i a redus semnificativ timpul necesar pentru a g\u0103si informa\u021biile dorite. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 reducerea timpului de c\u0103utare, a sc\u0103zut \u0219i num\u0103rul de solicit\u0103ri c\u0103tre echipa de suport pentru consultan\u021b\u0103. De asemenea, merit\u0103 men\u021bionat un alt rezultat util pe care l-am ob\u021binut, prin dezvoltarea unui registru unic de rapoarte \u2013 prevenirea dezvolt\u0103rii de rapoarte duplicat pentru diferite unit\u0103\u021bi structurale.<\/p>\n<h2>Glosar de afaceri<\/h2>\n<p>\nTo\u021bi \u0219ti\u021bi c\u0103, chiar \u0219i \u00een cadrul acelea\u0219i companii, afacerea vorbe\u0219te \u00een limbi diferite. Da, folosesc acelea\u0219i termeni, dar \u00een\u021beleg sub ei lucruri complet diferite. Glosarul de afaceri este destinat s\u0103 rezolve aceast\u0103 problem\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru noi, glosarul de afaceri nu este doar un director cu descrierea termenilor \u0219i metodologia de calcul. Este un mediu complet de dezvoltare, de negociere \u0219i aprobat de terminologie, construirea rela\u021biilor dintre termeni \u0219i alte active informa\u021bionale ale companiei. \u00cenainte de a ajunge \u00een glosarul de afaceri, un termen trebuie s\u0103 treac\u0103 prin toate etapele de aprobat de c\u0103tre clien\u021bii de business \u0219i centrul de calitate a datelor. Numai dup\u0103 aceea devine disponibil pentru utilizare.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0219a cum am men\u021bionat mai sus, unicitatea acestui instrument const\u0103 \u00een faptul c\u0103 permite stabilirea leg\u0103turilor de la nivelul termenului de afaceri p\u00e2n\u0103 la rapoartele specifice ale utilizatorilor \u00een care este folosit, precum \u0219i la nivelul obiectelor fizice din bazele de date.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"DataGovernance cu for\u021bele proprii\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ff3c8b35baee205577c3178e69e74679.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAcest lucru a devenit posibil prin utilizarea identificatorilor termenilor din glosar \u00een descrierea detaliat\u0103 a rapoartelor din registru \u0219i \u00een descrierea obiectelor fizice din bazele de date. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen prezent, \u00een Glosar sunt definite \u0219i aprobate deja peste 4000 de termeni. Utilizarea acestuia simplific\u0103 \u0219i accelereaz\u0103 procesarea cererilor de modificare \u00een sistemele informa\u021bionale ale companiei. Dac\u0103 indicatorul solicitat este deja implementat \u00een vreun raport, utilizatorul va vedea imediat un set de rapoarte gata, \u00een care acest indicator a fost utilizat, \u0219i va putea lua o decizie cu privire la reutilizarea eficient\u0103 a func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii existente sau la o mic\u0103 ajustare, f\u0103r\u0103 a ini\u021bia noi cereri pentru dezvoltarea unui raport nou.<\/p>\n<h2>Modul de descriere a transform\u0103rilor tehnice \u0219i DataLineage<\/h2>\n<p>\nVoi \u00eentreba\u021bi, ce sunt aceste module? Nu este suficient s\u0103 implementa\u021bi Registrul raportului \u0219i Glosarul, este necesar s\u0103 aterriza\u021bi toate termenii de afaceri pe modelul fizic al bazelor de date. Astfel, am reu\u0219it s\u0103 finaliz\u0103m procesul de formare a ciclului de via\u021b\u0103 al datelor de la sistemele surs\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la vizualizarea BI, prin toate straturile de stocare a datelor. Cu alte cuvinte, s\u0103 construim DataLineage.<\/p>\n<p>Am dezvoltat o interfa\u021b\u0103 bazat\u0103 pe formatul de descriere a regulilor \u0219i logicii de transformare a datelor utilizat anterior \u00een companie. Prin intermediul interfe\u021bei se introduce aceea\u0219i informa\u021bie ca \u00eenainte, dar o condi\u021bie obligatorie a fost definirea identificatorului termenului din glosarul de afaceri. Astfel, stabilim leg\u0103tura \u00eentre straturile de afaceri \u0219i cele fizice.<\/p>\n<p>Cui \u00eei este necesar acest lucru? Ce nu a fost \u00een regul\u0103 cu formatul vechi, cu care am lucrat c\u00e2\u021biva ani? C\u00e2t de mult s-au crescut costurile de munc\u0103 pentru formularea cerin\u021belor? Cu astfel de \u00eentreb\u0103ri ne-am confruntat \u00een procesul de implementare a instrumentului. Aici r\u0103spunsurile sunt destul de simple \u2013 este nevoie de to\u021bi noi, biroul de date al companiei noastre \u0219i de utilizatorii no\u0219tri.<\/p>\n<p>\u00centr-adev\u0103r, angaja\u021bii au trebuit s\u0103 se adapteze, ceea ce a dus ini\u021bial la cre\u0219teri nesemnificative ale eforturilor pentru preg\u0103tirea documenta\u021biei, dar am rezolvat aceast\u0103 problem\u0103. Practica, identificarea \u0219i optimizarea locurilor problematice \u0219i-au spus cuv\u00e2ntul. Am atins obiectivul principal \u2014 am \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit calitatea cerin\u021belor dezvoltate. C\u00e2mpurile obligatorii, dic\u021bionarele unificate, m\u0103\u0219tile de introducere, verific\u0103rile integrate \u2013 toate acestea au permis o cre\u0219tere semnificativ\u0103 a calit\u0103\u021bii descrierilor transform\u0103rilor. Am abandonat practica de a transmite scripturi sub form\u0103 de cerin\u021be pentru dezvoltare, am \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219it cuno\u0219tin\u021bele care erau disponibile doar echipei care se ocupa de dezvoltare. Baza de date de metadate format\u0103 reduce semnificativ timpul necesar pentru analiza regresiv\u0103, asigur\u00e2nd posibilitatea de evaluare rapid\u0103 a impactului modific\u0103rilor asupra oric\u0103rei dintre nivelurile peisajului IT (rapoarte de vitrin\u0103, agregate, surse).<\/p>\n<p>\u0218i ce leg\u0103tur\u0103 au utilizatorii obi\u0219nui\u021bi ai rapoartelor, ce beneficii au pentru ei? Datorit\u0103 posibilit\u0103\u021bii de a construi DataLineage, utilizatorii no\u0219tri, chiar \u0219i cei care nu au cuno\u0219tin\u021be de SQL \u0219i alte limbaje de programare, ob\u021bin rapid informa\u021bii despre sursele \u0219i obiectele pe baza c\u0103rora se formeaz\u0103 un anumit raport.<\/p>\n<h2>Modul de control al calit\u0103\u021bii datelor<\/h2>\n<p>\nTot ceea ce am discutat mai sus \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te asigurarea transparen\u021bei datelor nu are importan\u021b\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 \u00een\u021belegerea faptului c\u0103 datele pe care le oferim utilizatorilor sunt corecte. Unul dintre modulele importante ale conceptului nostru de Data Governance este modul de control al calit\u0103\u021bii datelor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen etapa actual\u0103, acesta este un catalog de verific\u0103ri pentru entit\u0103\u021bi selectate. Obiectivul apropiat pentru dezvoltarea produsului este extinderea listei de verific\u0103ri \u0219i integrarea cu registrul rapoartelor.<br \/>\nCe va aduce aceasta \u0219i cui? Pentru utilizatorul final al registrului vor fi disponibile informa\u021bii despre datele planificate \u0219i reale privind finalizarea raportului, rezultatele verific\u0103rilor efectuate cu dinamica, informa\u021bii despre sursele \u00eenc\u0103rcate \u00een raport.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru noi, modul integrat \u00een fluxurile de lucru privind calitatea datelor reprezint\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Formarea rapid\u0103 a a\u0219tept\u0103rilor clien\u021bilor.<\/li>\n<li>Luarea deciziilor cu privire la utilizarea ulterioar\u0103 a datelor.<\/li>\n<li>Ob\u021binerea unui set preliminar de puncte problematice \u00een etapele ini\u021biale ale lucr\u0103rilor pentru dezvoltarea unor controale regulate de calitate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nCu siguran\u021b\u0103, acestea sunt primele pa\u0219i \u00een construirea unui proces complet de gestionare a datelor. Dar suntem convin\u0219i c\u0103, doar printr-o activitate \u021bintit\u0103 \u00een acest domeniu, implement\u00e2nd activ instrumentele DataGovernance \u00een fluxul de lucru, vom asigura clien\u021bilor no\u0219tri o informare, un nivel ridicat de \u00eencredere \u00een date, transparen\u021b\u0103 \u00een ob\u021binerea acestora \u0219i vom cre\u0219te viteza de lansare a noilor func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p><i>Echipa DataOffice<\/i><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/rostelecom\/blog\/495934\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c. \u0421 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c: \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0430\u044f IT-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0442\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":77650,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77649","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! 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