{"id":78069,"date":"2020-04-16T01:42:42","date_gmt":"2020-04-15T23:42:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/data-engineer-i-data-scientist-chto-umeyut-i-skolko-zarabatyvayut"},"modified":"2020-04-16T01:42:42","modified_gmt":"2020-04-15T23:42:42","slug":"data-engineer-i-data-scientist-chto-umeyut-i-skolko-zarabatyvayut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/data-engineer-i-data-scientist-chto-umeyut-i-skolko-zarabatyvayut","title":{"rendered":"Data Engineer \u0219i Data Scientist: ce abilit\u0103\u021bi au \u0219i c\u00e2t c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cempreun\u0103 cu Elena Gerasimova, \u0219efa facult\u0103\u021bii \u201e<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netology.ru\/navigation\/?direction=data-science?utm_source=habr&amp;utm_medium=externalblog&amp;utm_campaign=bds_all_ou&amp;utm_content=14042020_dataengscientist\">Data Science \u0219i analiz\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>\u201d la Netologia continu\u0103m s\u0103 analiz\u0103m cum interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00een ce se deosebesc Data Scientist \u0219i Data Engineer.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen prima parte am discutat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/netologyru\/blog\/496082\/\">despre principalele diferen\u021be dintre Data Scientist \u0219i Data Engineer.<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest material vom aborda cuno\u0219tin\u021bele \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bile necesare speciali\u0219tilor, ce educa\u021bie este apreciat\u0103 de angajatori, cum decurg interviurile \u0219i c\u00e2t c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 inginerii de date \u0219i data scienti\u0219tii.\u00a0<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tie scienti\u0219tii \u0219i inginerii<\/h2>\n<p>\nEduca\u021bia specializat\u0103 pentru ambele profesii este Computer Science.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Data Engineer \u0219i Data Scientist: ce abilit\u0103\u021bi au \u0219i c\u00e2t c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/14e804895cb4eac665c2b8558a5911ba.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nOrice specialist \u00een date \u2014 data scientist sau analist \u2014 trebuie s\u0103 fie capabil s\u0103 demonstreze corectitudinea concluziilor sale. Pentru aceasta, este necesar\u0103 cunoa\u0219terea <b>statisticii \u0219i a matematicii fundamentale legate de statistic\u0103.<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cenv\u0103\u021barea automat\u0103 \u0219i instrumentele de analiz\u0103 a datelor sunt indispensabile \u00een lumea modern\u0103. Dac\u0103 instrumentele obi\u0219nuite nu sunt disponibile, trebuie s\u0103 ai abilit\u0103\u021bi <b>de a \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba rapid instrumente noi, de a crea scripturi simple pentru automatizarea sarcinilor.<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>Este important de men\u021bionat c\u0103 specialistul \u00een date trebuie s\u0103 comunice eficient rezultatele analizei. \u00cen acest sens, \u00eel va ajuta <b>vizualizarea datelor<\/b> sau a rezultatelor cercet\u0103rilor efectuate \u0219i verific\u0103rilor de ipoteze. Speciali\u0219tii trebuie s\u0103 fie capabili s\u0103 creeze diagrame \u0219i grafice, s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 instrumente de vizualizare, s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 explice datele din dashboard-uri.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Data Engineer \u0219i Data Scientist: ce abilit\u0103\u021bi au \u0219i c\u00e2t c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/f701a922442a01286c340314861ab343.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPentru inginerul de date, ies \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103 trei direc\u021bii.<\/p>\n<p><b>Algoritmi \u0219i structuri de date<\/b>. Este important s\u0103 exersezi scrierea codului \u0219i utilizarea structurilor \u0219i algoritmilor fundamentali:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>analiza complexit\u0103\u021bii algoritmilor,<\/li>\n<li>abilitatea de a scrie cod clar \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binut,\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>prelucrarea \u00een loturi,<\/li>\n<li>prelucrarea \u00een timp real.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Baze de date \u0219i depozite de date, Business Intelligence<\/b>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>stocarea \u0219i prelucrarea datelor,<\/li>\n<li>proiectarea sistemelor complete,<\/li>\n<li>Data Ingestion,<\/li>\n<li>sisteme de fi\u0219iere distribuite.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Hadoop \u0219i Big Data<\/b>. Cantitatea de date cre\u0219te constant, iar \u00een orizontul de 3-5 ani aceste tehnologii vor deveni esen\u021biale pentru fiecare inginer. Plus:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Data Lakes,<\/li>\n<li>colaborarea cu furnizorii de cloud.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>\u00cenv\u0103\u021barea automat\u0103<\/b> va fi utilizat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u0219i este important s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegi ce probleme de afaceri va ajuta s\u0103 rezolve. Nu este necesar s\u0103 po\u021bi crea modele (acest lucru vor face data scienti\u0219tii), dar trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegi aplicarea lor \u0219i cerin\u021bele corespunz\u0103toare.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e2t c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 inginerii \u0219i scien\u021bi\u0219tii<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Venitul inginerilor \u00een prelucrarea datelor<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>\u00cen practica interna\u021bional\u0103<\/b> salariul ini\u021bial este, \u00een general, de 100.000 USD pe an \u0219i cre\u0219te semnificativ cu experien\u021ba, conform datelor de pe Glassdoor. \u00cen plus, companiile ofer\u0103 adesea op\u021biuni de ac\u021biuni \u0219i bonusuri anuale de 5-15%.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00cen Rusia<\/b> la \u00eenceputul carierei, salariul este de obicei nu mai pu\u021bin de 50.000 de ruble \u00een regiuni \u0219i 80.000 \u00een Moscova. La acest nivel, nu este nevoie de experien\u021b\u0103, cu excep\u021bia form\u0103rii finalizate.<\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 1-2 ani de lucru \u2014 intervalul este de 90-100.000 de ruble.<\/p>\n<p>Intervalul cre\u0219te la 120-160.000 dup\u0103 2-5 ani. Se adaug\u0103 factori precum specializarea \u00een companiile anterioare, dimensiunea proiectelor, lucrul cu big data etc.<\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 5 ani de munc\u0103, este mai u\u0219or s\u0103 c\u0103uta\u021bi locuri de munc\u0103 \u00een departamente adiacente sau s\u0103 aplica\u021bi pentru pozi\u021bii specializate, cum ar fi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Arhitect sau dezvoltator principal \u00eentr-o banc\u0103 sau telecomunica\u021bii \u2014 aproximativ 250.000.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pre-Sales la un vendor cu care a\u021bi lucrat cel mai mult \u2014 200.000 plus un bonus posibil (1-1,5 milioane de ruble).\u00a0\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Exper\u021bi \u00een implementarea aplica\u021biilor de business Enterprise, cum ar fi SAP \u2014 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 350.000.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Venitul data scientistilor<\/h3>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vacancy.newhr.ru\/data\/data\/salary\/Normalresearch.ru_Analysts_2019.pdf\">Cercetare<\/a><\/noindex> pia\u021ba analistilor companiei \u201eCercet\u0103ri normale\u201d \u0219i agen\u021biei de recrutare New.HR arat\u0103 c\u0103 speciali\u0219tii \u00een Data Science c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103, \u00een medie, salarii mai mari dec\u00e2t anali\u0219tii din alte specializ\u0103ri.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen Rusia, salariul ini\u021bial pentru un data scientist cu p\u00e2n\u0103 la un an de experien\u021b\u0103 este de la 113.000 de ruble.\u00a0<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Ca experien\u021b\u0103 de munc\u0103, acum se iau \u00een considerare \u0219i programele de formare.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Dup\u0103 1-2 ani, un astfel de specialist poate c\u00e2\u0219tiga p\u00e2n\u0103 la 160.000.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru un angajat cu 4-5 ani de experien\u021b\u0103, intervalul cre\u0219te p\u00e2n\u0103 la 310.000.<\/p>\n<h2>Cum se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 interviurile<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00cen vest, absolven\u021bii programelor de formare profesional\u0103 sus\u021bin primul interviu \u00een medie la 5 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni dup\u0103 finalizarea form\u0103rii. Aproape 85% g\u0103sesc un loc de munc\u0103 \u00een decurs de 3 luni.<\/p>\n<p>Procesul de interviu pentru posturile de inginer de date \u0219i data scientist nu difer\u0103 semnificativ. De obicei, acesta const\u0103 \u00een cinci etape.<\/p>\n<p><b>Rezumat<\/b>. Candida\u021bii cu experien\u021b\u0103 anterioar\u0103 necorespunz\u0103toare (de exemplu, din marketing) trebuie s\u0103 preg\u0103teasc\u0103 o scrisoare de inten\u021bie detaliat\u0103 pentru fiecare companie sau s\u0103 aib\u0103 recomand\u0103ri din partea unui reprezentant al acestei companii.<\/p>\n<p><b>Screening tehnic<\/b>. De obicei, se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 telefonic. Con\u021bine una sau dou\u0103 \u00eentreb\u0103ri complexe \u0219i la fel de multe simple, referitoare la actuala firm\u0103 de angajare.<\/p>\n<p><b>Interviu HR<\/b>. Poate avea loc telefonic. \u00cen aceast\u0103 etap\u0103, candidatul este evaluat pentru capacitatea general\u0103 de adaptare \u0219i de comunicare.<\/p>\n<p><b>Interviu tehnic<\/b>. De cele mai multe ori, are loc fa\u021b\u0103 \u00een fa\u021b\u0103. \u00cen diferite companii, nivelul pozi\u021biilor \u00een schema de personal variaz\u0103, iar denumirile pozi\u021biilor pot fi diferite. De aceea, \u00een aceast\u0103 etap\u0103, se verific\u0103 cuno\u0219tin\u021bele tehnice.<\/p>\n<p><b>Interviu cu directorul tehnic \/ arhitectul \u0219ef<\/b>. Inginerul \u0219i scientistul sunt pozi\u021bii strategice, iar pentru multe companii, aceasta este, de asemenea, ceva nou. Este important ca poten\u021bialul coleg s\u0103 fie pe placul \u0219efului \u0219i s\u0103 fie \u00een aliniere cu viziunile lui.<\/p>\n<h2>Ce \u00eei va ajuta pe scientifici \u0219i ingineri \u00een avansarea profesional\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>\nAu ap\u0103rut destul de multe instrumente noi pentru lucru cu datele. \u0218i pu\u021bini cunosc toate \u00een mod egal de bine.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Multe companii nu sunt preg\u0103tite s\u0103 angajeze persoane f\u0103r\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103. Totu\u0219i, candida\u021bii cu o baz\u0103 minim\u0103 \u0219i cuno\u0219tin\u021be de baz\u0103 ale instrumentelor populare pot ob\u021bine experien\u021ba necesar\u0103 dac\u0103 se formeaz\u0103 \u0219i se dezvolt\u0103 de unul singur.<\/p>\n<h3>Calit\u0103\u021bi utile pentru un inginer de date \u0219i un data scientist<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Dorin\u021ba \u0219i abilitatea de a \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba<\/b>. Nu este obligatoriu s\u0103 te gr\u0103be\u0219ti imediat dup\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103 sau s\u0103 schimbi locul de munc\u0103 pentru un nou instrument, dar trebuie s\u0103 fii preg\u0103tit s\u0103 te schimbi spre un nou domeniu.<\/p>\n<p><b>Tendin\u021ba de a automatiza procesele repetitive<\/b>. Acest lucru este important nu doar pentru productivitate, ci \u0219i pentru men\u021binerea unei calit\u0103\u021bi ridicate a datelor \u0219i a vitezei de livrare c\u0103tre consumator.<\/p>\n<p><b>Aten\u021bia \u0219i \u00een\u021belegerea \u201ece se afl\u0103 sub capot\u0103\u201d \u00een procese<\/b>. Problema va fi rezolvat\u0103 mai repede de specialistul care are experien\u021b\u0103 \u0219i o cunoa\u0219tere profund\u0103 a proceselor.<\/p>\n<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 cunoa\u0219terea excelent\u0103 a algoritmilor, structurilor de date \u0219i pipeline-urilor, este necesar <b>s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi s\u0103 g\u00e2nde\u0219ti \u00een produsele<\/b> \u2014 s\u0103 vezi arhitectura \u0219i solu\u021bia de afaceri ca pe un \u00eentreg.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>De exemplu, este util s\u0103 lua\u021bi orice serviciu cunoscut \u0219i s\u0103 crea\u021bi o baz\u0103 de date pentru acesta. Apoi, g\u00e2ndi\u021bi-v\u0103 cum s\u0103 dezvolta\u021bi ETL \u0219i DW care s\u0103 o populeze cu date, care vor fi consumatorii \u0219i ce este important pentru ei s\u0103 \u0219tie despre date, precum \u0219i cum interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cump\u0103r\u0103torii cu aplica\u021biile: pentru c\u0103utarea unui loc de munc\u0103 \u0219i \u00eent\u00e2lniri, \u00eenchirieri auto, aplica\u021bii pentru podcasturi, platforme educa\u021bionale. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Pozi\u021biile de analist, data scientist \u0219i inginer sunt foarte apropiate, de aceea tranzi\u021bia de la un domeniu la altul se poate face mai rapid dec\u00e2t din alte domenii.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u00cen orice caz, celor cu un fundal IT le va fi mai u\u0219or dec\u00e2t celor care nu au. \u00cen medie, persoanele motivate dintr-o categorie de v\u00e2rst\u0103 adult\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i schimb\u0103 locul de munc\u0103 \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021besc abilit\u0103\u021bile la fiecare 1,5-2 ani. Este mai u\u0219or pentru cei care \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 prin grupuri \u0219i cu un mentor, comparativ cu cei care se bazeaz\u0103 doar pe surse deschise.<\/p>\n<h2>De la redac\u021bia Netology<\/h2>\n<p>\nDac\u0103 sunte\u021bi interesat de profesia de Data Engineer sau Data Scientist, v\u0103 invit\u0103m s\u0103 explora\u021bi programele cursurilor noastre:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Profesia \u201e<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netology.ru\/programs\/data-engineer?utm_source=habr&amp;utm_medium=externalblog&amp;utm_campaign=bds_deg_ou&amp;utm_content=14042020_dataengscientist\">Data Engineer<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Profesia \u201e<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netology.ru\/programs\/data-scientist\/?utm_source=habr&amp;utm_medium=externalblog&amp;utm_campaign=bds_ds_ou&amp;utm_content=14042020_dataengscientist\">Data Scientist<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb.<\/li>\n<li>Cursul \u201e<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netology.ru\/programs\/data-analyst\/?utm_source=habr&amp;utm_medium=externalblog&amp;utm_campaign=bds_da_ou&amp;utm_content=14042020_dataengscientist\">Analist de date<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/netologyru\/blog\/497214\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u00abData Science \u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb \u0432 \u041d\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f Data Scientist \u0438 Data Engineer. \u0412 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f\u0445 Data Scientist \u0438 Data Engineer. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 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