{"id":78210,"date":"2020-04-17T13:42:45","date_gmt":"2020-04-17T11:42:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/6-klyuchevyh-voprosov-pri-perevode-biznesa-v-oblako"},"modified":"2020-04-17T13:42:45","modified_gmt":"2020-04-17T11:42:45","slug":"6-klyuchevyh-voprosov-pri-perevode-biznesa-v-oblako","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/6-klyuchevyh-voprosov-pri-perevode-biznesa-v-oblako","title":{"rendered":"6 \u00eentreb\u0103ri esen\u021biale \u00een timpul tranzi\u021biei afacerii \u00een cloud","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/497540\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"6 \u00eentreb\u0103ri esen\u021biale \u00een timpul tranzi\u021biei afacerii \u00een cloud\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/28800189ad95d0e154aafc3498499aba.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Din cauza vacan\u021belor for\u021bate, chiar \u0219i companiile mari cu infrastructuri IT dezvoltate au dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een a organiza munca de la distan\u021b\u0103 a personalului, iar micile afaceri pur \u0219i simplu nu dispun de resursele necesare pentru implementarea serviciilor necesare. O alt\u0103 problem\u0103 este legat\u0103 de securitatea informa\u021bional\u0103: deschiderea accesului la re\u021beaua intern\u0103 de pe computerele personale ale angaja\u021bilor este riscant\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 utilizarea unor produse specializate de clas\u0103 corporativ\u0103. \u00cenchirierea serverelor virtuale nu necesit\u0103 investi\u021bii de capital \u0219i permite mutarea solu\u021biilor temporare dincolo de perimetrul protejat. \u00cen acest articol scurt, vom analiza c\u00e2teva scenarii tipice de utilizare a VDS \u00een condi\u021biile autoizol\u0103rii. Trebuie men\u021bionat de la \u00eenceput c\u0103 articolul <b>este informativ<\/b> \u0219i este orientat mai mult c\u0103tre cei care abia \u00eencep s\u0103 exploreze acest subiect.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>1. Merit\u0103 s\u0103 folose\u0219ti VDS pentru configurarea VPN?<\/h2>\n<p>\nRe\u021beaua privat\u0103 virtual\u0103 este necesar\u0103 pentru accesul sigur al angaja\u021bilor la resursele corporate interne prin Internet. Serverul VPN poate fi ridicat pe un router sau \u00een interiorul perimetrului protejat, dar \u00een condi\u021biile autoizol\u0103rii, num\u0103rul utilizatorilor conecta\u021bi simultan de la distan\u021b\u0103 va cre\u0219te, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 va fi nevoie de un router performant sau de un computer dedicat. Utilizarea serverelor existente (de exemplu, serverul de e-mail sau serverul web) nu este sigur\u0103. \u00cen multe companii, VPN-ul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 deja, dar dac\u0103 nu exist\u0103 sau capacitatea routerului nu este suficient\u0103 pentru a gestiona toate conexiunile de la distan\u021b\u0103, comandarea unui server virtual extern va permite economisirea de fonduri \u0219i va simplifica configurarea.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Cum se organizeaz\u0103 un serviciu VPN pe VDS?<\/h2>\n<p>\nMai \u00eent\u00e2i, trebuie s\u0103 comanzi VDS. Pentru a crea propria VPN, configura\u021biile puternice nu sunt necesare pentru companiile mici \u2014 este suficient un server de nivel de baz\u0103 pe GNU\/Linux. Dac\u0103 resursele de calcul se dovedesc a fi insuficiente, acestea pot fi \u00eentotdeauna extinse. R\u0103m\u00e2ne de ales protocolul \u0219i software-ul pentru organizarea conexiunilor clien\u021bilor la serverul VPN. Exist\u0103 multe op\u021biuni, recomand\u0103m s\u0103 te opre\u0219ti asupra Ubuntu Linux \u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.softether.org\/\">SoftEther<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 acest server \u0219i client VPN deschis, multiplatform\u0103, este u\u0219or de configurat, suport\u0103 diverse protocoale \u0219i asigur\u0103 criptare solid\u0103. Dup\u0103 configurarea serverului, r\u0103m\u00e2ne cea mai interesant\u0103 parte: conturile clien\u021bilor \u0219i setarea conexiunilor la distan\u021b\u0103 de pe computerele de acas\u0103 ale angaja\u021bilor. Pentru a asigura accesul angaja\u021bilor la re\u021beaua local\u0103 de birou, va fi necesar s\u0103 conecta\u021bi serverul la routerul re\u021belei locale printr-un tunel criptat \u0219i aici ne va ajuta din nou SoftEther.<\/p>\n<h2>3. De ce este necesar un serviciu propriu de videoconferin\u021b\u0103 (VCS)?<\/h2>\n<p>\nMailul electronic \u0219i mesageriile nu sunt suficiente pentru a \u00eenlocui comunicarea zilnic\u0103 din birou pe probleme de munc\u0103 sau pentru \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea la distan\u021b\u0103. Odat\u0103 cu trecerea la lucrul de la distan\u021b\u0103, micile afaceri \u0219i institu\u021biile de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt au \u00eenceput s\u0103 utilizeze mai activ servicii publice pentru organizarea teleconferin\u021belor \u00een formate audio \u0219i video. Recenta <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.securitylab.ru\/news\/506334.php\">controvers\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> cu Zoom a scos la iveal\u0103 nocivitatea acestei idei: s-a dovedit c\u0103 chiar \u0219i liderii de pia\u021b\u0103 nu \u00ee\u0219i protejeaz\u0103 sufficient confiden\u021bialitatea. <\/p>\n<p>Po\u021bi crea un serviciu propriu de conferin\u021b\u0103, dar desf\u0103\u0219urarea lui \u00een birou nu este \u00eentotdeauna oportun\u0103. Acest lucru necesit\u0103 un computer puternic \u0219i, cel mai important, o l\u0103\u021bime de band\u0103 mare a conexiunii la internet. F\u0103r\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103, speciali\u0219tii companiei pot s\u0103 calculeze gre\u0219it necesit\u0103\u021bile de resurse \u0219i s\u0103 comande o configura\u021bie prea slab\u0103 sau prea puternic\u0103 \u0219i scump\u0103, iar extinderea canalului \u00een spa\u021bii \u00eenchiriate \u00een centre de afaceri nu este \u00eentotdeauna posibil\u0103. \u00cen plus, lansarea unui serviciu VCS accesibil din internet \u00een interiorul unui perimetru protejat nu este cea mai bun\u0103 idee din punct de vedere al securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biilor.<\/p>\n<p>Serverul virtual este perfect pentru a rezolva aceast\u0103 problem\u0103: necesit\u0103 doar o plat\u0103 lunar\u0103, iar puterea de calcul poate fi crescut\u0103 sau redus\u0103 dup\u0103 cum este necesar. \u00cen plus, pe VDS nu este dificil s\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219ori un mesager securizat cu posibilitatea de chaturi de grup, helpdesk, stocare de documente, repository de cod surs\u0103 \u0219i orice alt serviciu temporar asociat pentru colaborare \u0219i \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare de acas\u0103. Serverul virtual nu trebuie neap\u0103rat s\u0103 fie conectat la re\u021beaua de birou, dac\u0103 aplica\u021biile care ruleaz\u0103 pe el nu necesit\u0103 acest lucru: datele necesare pot fi pur \u0219i simplu copiate.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Cum s\u0103 organiz\u0103m munca de echip\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea de acas\u0103?<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, este necesar s\u0103 alegem o solu\u021bie de VKS. \u00centreprinderile mici ar trebui s\u0103 opteze pentru produse gratuite \u0219i condi\u021bionat gratuite, cum ar fi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/openmeetings.apache.org\/\">Apache OpenMeetings<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 aceast\u0103 platform\u0103 deschis\u0103 permite desf\u0103\u0219urarea de videoconferin\u021be, webinarii, transmisiuni \u0219i prezent\u0103ri, precum \u0219i organizarea \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103rii la distan\u021b\u0103. Func\u021bionalitatea sa este similar\u0103 cu cea a sistemelor comerciale:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>transmiterea video \u0219i audio;<\/li>\n<li>tablouri \u0219i ecrane partajate;<\/li>\n<li>chaturi comune \u0219i private;<\/li>\n<li>client de email pentru coresponden\u021b\u0103 \u0219i trimiterea de mesaje;<\/li>\n<li>calendar integrat pentru planificarea evenimentelor;<\/li>\n<li>sondaje \u0219i voturi;<\/li>\n<li>schimb de documente \u0219i fi\u0219iere;<\/li>\n<li>\u00eenregistrarea evenimentelor web;<\/li>\n<li>num\u0103r nelimitat de camere virtuale;<\/li>\n<li>client mobil pentru Android.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nEste de men\u021bionat nivelul ridicat de securitate al OpenMeetings, precum \u0219i posibilit\u0103\u021bile de personalizare \u0219i integrare a platformei cu CMS-uri populare, sisteme de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare \u0219i telefonie IP de birou. Dezavantajul solu\u021biei este consecin\u021ba avantajelor sale: este un software deschis destul de complicat de configurat. O alt\u0103 produs deschis cu func\u021bionalitate similar\u0103 este <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bigbluebutton.org\/\">BigBlueButton<\/a><\/noindex>. Echipele mici pot alege versiuni condi\u021bionat gratuite ale serverelor comerciale de VKS, cum ar fi produsele autohtone <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/trueconf.ru\/products\/tcsf\/besplatniy-server-videoconferenciy.html\">TrueConf Server Free<\/a><\/noindex> sau <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.videomost.com\/\">VideoMost<\/a><\/noindex>. Ultimul este potrivit \u0219i pentru organiza\u021bii mari: din cauza regimului de autoizolare, dezvoltatorul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.videomost.com\/products\/videomost-server\/videomost-server-na-15-chelovek-besplatno\">permite<\/a><\/noindex> utilizarea gratuit\u0103 a versiunii pentru 1000 de utilizatori timp de trei luni. <\/p>\n<p>La urm\u0103torul pas, trebuie s\u0103 studiem documenta\u021bia, s\u0103 calcul\u0103m necesarul de resurse \u0219i s\u0103 comand\u0103m VDS. De obicei, pentru desf\u0103\u0219urarea serverului VKS sunt necesare configura\u021bii de nivel mediu pe GNU\/Linux sau Windows, cu un volum suficient de memorie RAM \u0219i stocare. Desigur, totul depinde de sarcinile de rezolvat, dar VDS permite experimentarea: ad\u0103ugarea de resurse sau renun\u021barea la cele inutile nu este niciodat\u0103 prea t\u00e2rziu aici. \u00cen final, r\u0103m\u00e2ne cea mai interesant\u0103 parte: configurarea serverului VKS \u0219i a software-ului asociat, crearea conturilor utilizatorilor \u0219i, dac\u0103 este necesar, instalarea programelor client.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Cu ce s\u0103 \u00eenlocuim calculatoarele de acas\u0103 nesigure?<\/h2>\n<p>\nChiar dac\u0103 compania dispune de o re\u021bea virtual\u0103 privat\u0103, aceasta nu va rezolva toate problemele legate de munca de la distan\u021b\u0103 \u00een condi\u021bii de siguran\u021b\u0103. \u00cen condi\u021bii obi\u0219nuite, nu mul\u021bi oameni cu acces limitat la resursele interne se conecteaz\u0103 la VPN. C\u00e2nd \u00eentreaga echip\u0103 lucreaz\u0103 de acas\u0103 - este o cu totul alt\u0103 poveste. Calculatoarele personale ale angaja\u021bilor pot fi infectate cu malware, sunt folosite de membrii familiei, iar configura\u021bia acestora adesea nu respect\u0103 cerin\u021bele corporative. <br \/>\nA oferi fiec\u0103rui angajat un laptop este costisitor, iar solu\u021biile moderne de virtualizare a desktop-urilor sunt, de asemenea, scumpe, dar exist\u0103 o solu\u021bie - serviciile de birou de la distan\u021b\u0103 (Remote Desktop Services sau RDS) pe Windows. Implementarea acestora pe o ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103 este o idee excelent\u0103. To\u021bi angaja\u021bii vor lucra cu un set standard de aplica\u021bii, iar controlul accesului la serviciile re\u021belei locale va deveni mult mai simplu de gestionat dintr-un singur punct. Se poate chiar \u00eenchiria un server virtual \u00eempreun\u0103 cu software antivirus pentru a economisi la achizi\u021bionarea licen\u021bei. De exemplu, configur\u0103rile noastre pe Windows vin cu protec\u021bie antivirus din partea laboratorului Kaspersky. <\/p>\n<h2>6. Cum s\u0103 configura\u021bi RDS pe un server virtual?<\/h2>\n<p>\nMai \u00eent\u00e2i trebuie s\u0103 comanda\u021bi un VDS, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere necesit\u0103\u021bile pentru resursele de calcul. Fiecare caz este individual, dar pentru a organiza RDS este nevoie de o configura\u021bie puternic\u0103: cel pu\u021bin patru nuclee de procesare, c\u00e2te un gigabyte de memorie pentru fiecare utilizator care lucreaz\u0103 simultan \u0219i aproximativ 4 GB pentru sistem, precum \u0219i un volum de stocare suficient de mare. L\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 a canalului ar trebui estimat\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de necesitatea de 250 Kbit\/sec pe utilizator. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen configura\u021bia standard, Windows Server permite crearea simultan\u0103 a cel mult dou\u0103 sesiuni RDP, doar pentru administrarea computerului. Pentru a configura servicii complete de birouri la distan\u021b\u0103, va fi necesar s\u0103 ad\u0103uga\u021bi roluri \u0219i componente server, s\u0103 activa\u021bi serverul de licen\u021biere sau s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi unul extern, precum \u0219i s\u0103 instala\u021bi licen\u021be client (CAL), care se achizi\u021bioneaz\u0103 separat. \u00cenchirierea unui VDS puternic \u0219i licen\u021bele terminale pentru Windows Server vor costa mult, dar este mai rentabil dec\u00e2t achizi\u021bionarea unui server \u201efizic\u201d, care va fi necesar pentru o perioad\u0103 relativ scurt\u0103 \u0219i pentru care va trebui s\u0103 achizi\u021biona\u021bi RDS CAL oricum. \u00cen plus, exist\u0103 op\u021biunea de a nu pl\u0103ti pentru licen\u021be legal: \u00een termen de 120 de zile, RDS poate fi utilizat \u00een mod de evaluare. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cencep\u00e2nd cu Windows Server 2012, pentru utilizarea RDS, este recomandabil ca ma\u0219ina s\u0103 fie introdus\u0103 \u00een domeniul Active Directory (AD). De\u0219i \u00een multe cazuri se poate face f\u0103r\u0103 aceasta, conectarea unui server virtual separat cu un IP real la domeniul desf\u0103\u0219urat \u00een biroul de re\u021bea local prin VPN nu este dificil\u0103. \u00cen plus, utilizatorii vor avea totu\u0219i nevoie de acces din birourile virtuale la resursele interne ale companiei. Pentru a v\u0103 u\u0219ura munca, este util s\u0103 apela\u021bi la un furnizor care va ridica singur serviciile pe ma\u0219ina virtual\u0103 a clientului. De exemplu, dac\u0103 achizi\u021biona\u021bi licen\u021be RDS CAL de la RuVDS, suportul nostru tehnic le va instala pe serverul de licen\u021biere propriu \u0219i va configura serviciile de birouri la distan\u021b\u0103 pe ma\u0219ina virtual\u0103 a clientului.<\/p>\n<p>Utilizarea RDS va scuti speciali\u0219tii IT de durerea de cap legat\u0103 de uniformizarea configura\u021biei software a calculatoarelor de acas\u0103 ale angaja\u021bilor la un standard corporativ comun \u0219i va simplifica semnificativ administrarea la distan\u021b\u0103 a locurilor de munc\u0103 ale utilizatorilor.<\/p>\n<p>\u0218i cum sunt realizate \u00een compania dumneavoastr\u0103 ideile interesante de utilizare a VDS \u00een timpul autoizol\u0103rii generale?<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/#order\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"6 \u00eentreb\u0103ri esen\u021biale \u00een timpul tranzi\u021biei afacerii \u00een cloud\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/27488582f8231adcc7c0d574dd72f107.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/497540\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 IT-\u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 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