{"id":78802,"date":"2020-04-22T01:42:02","date_gmt":"2020-04-21T23:42:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-distributiva-nixos-20-03-ispolzuyushhego-paketnyj-menedzher-nix"},"modified":"2020-04-22T01:42:02","modified_gmt":"2020-04-21T23:42:02","slug":"vypusk-distributiva-nixos-20-03-ispolzuyushhego-paketnyj-menedzher-nix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/vypusk-distributiva-nixos-20-03-ispolzuyushhego-paketnyj-menedzher-nix","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea distribu\u021biei NixOS 20.03, care folose\u0219te managerul de pachete Nix","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/discourse.nixos.org\/t\/nixos-20-03-release\/6785\">Prezentat<\/a><\/noindex> lansarea distribu\u021biei <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/nixos.org\/\">NixOS 20.03<\/a><\/noindex>, bazat pe managerul de pachete <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/nixos.org\/nix\/\">Nix<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i oferind o serie de dezvolt\u0103ri proprii care simplific\u0103 configurarea \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binerea sistemului. De exemplu, \u00een NixOS se utilizeaz\u0103 un singur fi\u0219ier de configurare a sistemului (configuration.nix), se ofer\u0103 posibilitatea de a reveni rapid la actualiz\u0103ri, se suport\u0103 comutarea \u00eentre diferite st\u0103ri ale sistemului, se permite instalarea de pachete individuale de c\u0103tre utilizatori diferi\u021bi (pachetul este instalat \u00een directorul home), este posibil\u0103 instalarea simultan\u0103 a mai multor versiuni ale acelea\u0219i aplica\u021bii, iar compil\u0103rile sunt reproducibile. Dimensiunea imaginii complete <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nixos.org\/nixos\/download.html\">de instalare<\/a><\/noindex> cu KDE \u2014 1.2 GB, varianta console redus\u0103 \u2014 540 MB. <\/p>\n<p>Principalele <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nixos.org\/nixos\/manual\/release-notes.html#sec-release-20.03\">nout\u0103\u021bi<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Versiunile componentelor distribu\u021biei au fost actualizate, inclusiv nucleul Linux 5.4 (anterior 4.19),<br \/>\n    gcc 9.2.0,<br \/>\n    glibc 2.30,<br \/>\n    mesa 19.3.3,<br \/>\n    openssl 1.1.1d,<br \/>\n    PostgreSQL 11, OpenSSH 8.1.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mediile de lucru au fost actualizate la KDE 5.17.5 (+ KDE Applications 19.12.3),<br \/>\n    GNOME 3.34 \u0219i Pantheon 5.1.3 (din Elementary OS). Odat\u0103 activat Pantheon prin configurarea services.xserver.desktopManager.pantheon.enable, se activeaz\u0103 automat \u0219i ecranul de logare asociat.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen installerul grafic, dup\u0103 instalare, sesiunea grafic\u0103 porne\u0219te automat (anterior se afi\u0219a un prompt de consol\u0103 cu sugestia de a rula \u201esystemctl start display-manager\u201d dac\u0103 era necesar un interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103). Pentru a dezactiva pornirea managerului de afi\u0219are, a fost ad\u0103ugat un punct \u00een meniul de boot \u201eDisable display-manager\u201d.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru pool-urile ZFS, a fost asigurat un lansare s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nal\u0103 a opera\u021biei TRIM pentru unit\u0103\u021bile NVME \u0219i SSD (configurare services.zfs.trim.enable). Dac\u0103 ZFS este prezent \u00een configurarea config.boot.initrd.supportedFilesystems sau config.boot.supportedFilesystems, se face de asemenea o lansare periodic\u0103 a opera\u021biunilor de verificare (services.zfs.autoScrub.enable) \u0219i a cre\u0103rii automate de snapshots (services.zfs.autoSnapshot.enable).\n<li class=\"l\"> Codul nixos-option a fost rescris \u00een C++ \u0219i extins cu op\u021biunea \u201e-r\u201d pentru a afi\u0219a toate set\u0103rile.\n<li class=\"l\"> Set\u0103rile services.xserver.desktopManager.default \u0219i services.xserver.windowManager.default au fost \u00eenlocuite cu op\u021biunea universal\u0103 services.xserver.displayManager.defaultSession (de exemplu, services.xserver.displayManager.defaultSession = \u201exfce+icewm\u201d).\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nixos.org\/nixos\/manual\/release-notes.html#sec-release-20.03-new-services\">46 de servicii noi<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Imaginile pentru cardurile SD sunt \u00een mod implicit comprimate cu bzip2.\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e2nd se folosesc Nix, pachetele sunt instalate \u00eentr-un arbore separat de directoare \/nix\/store sau \u00een subdirectorul din catalogul utilizatorului. De exemplu, pachetul este instalat ca \/nix\/store\/f2a4\u20268a143-firefox-75.0.0\/, unde \u201ef2a4\u2026\u201d este un identificator unic al pachetului utilizat pentru controlul dependen\u021belor. Pachetele sunt structurate ca containere care con\u021bin componentele necesare func\u021bion\u0103rii aplica\u021biilor.<br \/>\nO abordare similar\u0103 este folosit\u0103 \u00een managerul de pachete GNU Guix, care se bazeaz\u0103 pe realiz\u0103rile Nix.<\/p>\n<p>\u00centre pachete este posibil\u0103 definirea dependen\u021belor, iar pentru a verifica existen\u021ba dependen\u021belor deja instalate, se utilizeaz\u0103 scanarea hash-urilor identificatoare \u00een directorul pachetelor instalate. Este posibil at\u00e2t s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi pachete binare finite din depozit (\u00een cazul actualiz\u0103rilor, se descarc\u0103 doar modific\u0103rile delta ale pachetelor binare), c\u00e2t \u0219i s\u0103 le compila\u021bi din coduri surs\u0103 cu toate dependen\u021bele. Colec\u021bia de pachete este prezentat\u0103 \u00eentr-un depozit special. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/nixos.org\/nixpkgs\/\">Nixpkgs<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52775\">opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 NixOS 20.03, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435 Nix \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 NixOS \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (configuration.nix), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 (\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433), \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 NixOS 20.03.\" \/>\n\t<meta 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