{"id":79249,"date":"2020-04-25T19:42:10","date_gmt":"2020-04-25T17:42:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-novogo-v-ubuntu-20-04"},"modified":"2020-04-25T19:42:10","modified_gmt":"2020-04-25T17:42:10","slug":"chto-novogo-v-ubuntu-20-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-novogo-v-ubuntu-20-04","title":{"rendered":"Ce este nou \u00een Ubuntu 20.04","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ce este nou \u00een Ubuntu 20.04\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/e315f7ccdb370c7afdd5d9d0357ce10f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n23 aprilie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/releases.ubuntu.com\/20.04\/\">a avut loc<\/a><\/noindex> lansarea versiunii 20.04 a Ubuntu, cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de Focal Fossa, este urm\u0103toarea versiune de Ubuntu pentru suport pe termen lung (LTS) \u0219i continu\u0103 versiunea Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, lansat\u0103 \u00een 2018.<\/p>\n<p>Pu\u021bin despre numele de cod. Cuv\u00e2ntul \u201eFocal\u201d \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u201epunct central\u201d sau \u201ecea mai important\u0103 parte\u201d, referindu-se astfel la conceptul de focalizare, centru al anumitor propriet\u0103\u021bi, fenomene, evenimente, iar \u201eFossa\u201d are r\u0103d\u0103cina \u201eFOSS\u201d (Free and Open-Source Software \u2014 software liber \u0219i open-source) \u0219i, conform tradi\u021biei de a numi versiunile Ubuntu dup\u0103 animale, \u00eenseamn\u0103 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0\">Fossa<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 cel mai mare mamifer carnivor din familia fosa, originar din insula Madagascar.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Dezvoltatorii pozi\u021bioneaz\u0103 Ubuntu 20.04 ca o actualizare important\u0103 \u0219i de succes, cu suport pe parcursul urm\u0103toarelor 5 ani pentru calculatoarele desktop \u0219i servere.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ubuntu 20.04 a fost o continuare logic\u0103 a versiunilor Ubuntu 19.04 \u201eDisco Dingo\u201d \u0219i Ubuntu 19.10 \u201eEoan Ermine\u201d. \u00cen versiunile pentru calculatoarele desktop, urm\u00e2nd ultimele tendin\u021be, a fost introdus un mod \u00eentunecat. Astfel, \u00een Ubuntu 20.04 exist\u0103 trei op\u021biuni pentru tema standard Yaru:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Light,<\/li>\n<li>Dark,<\/li>\n<li>Standard.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDe asemenea, aplica\u021bia Amazon a fost eliminat\u0103. Ubuntu 20.04 folose\u0219te ca interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103 implicit\u0103 cea mai recent\u0103 versiune <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/itsfoss.com\/gnome-3-36-release\/\">GNOME 3.36<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ce este nou \u00een Ubuntu 20.04\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/9b22ae9782de374acf7c7579c500e5fd.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Schimb\u0103ri cheie<\/h2>\n<p>\nUbuntu 20.04 este bazat\u0103 pe nucleul 5.4, care a fost lansat pe 24 noiembrie 2019. \u00cen aceast\u0103 versiune au fost implementate mai multe noi caracteristici importante, despre care vom vorbi mai jos.<\/p>\n<h3>lz4<\/h3>\n<p>\nInginerii Canonical au testat diferite algoritme de compresie pentru nucleu \u0219i imaginea de \u00eenc\u0103rcare ini\u021bial\u0103 initramfs, \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 o compromis \u00eentre cea mai bun\u0103 compresie (dimensiunea fi\u0219ierului mai mic) \u0219i timpul de decompresie. Algoritmul de compresie f\u0103r\u0103 pierderi lz4 a ar\u0103tat cele mai evidente rezultate \u0219i a fost ad\u0103ugat \u00een Ubuntu 19.10, ceea ce a permis reducerea timpului de \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u00een compara\u021bie cu versiunile anterioare (Ubuntu 18.04 \u0219i 19.04). Acest algoritm va r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een Ubuntu 20.04.<\/p>\n<h3>Linux Lockdown Kernel<\/h3>\n<p>\nFunc\u021bia Lockdown cre\u0219te securitatea nucleului Linux, limit\u00e2nd accesul la func\u021bii care ar putea permite executarea de cod arbitrar prin cod furnizat de procesele utilizator. Pe scurt, chiar \u0219i contul de superutilizator root nu poate modifica codul nucleului. Acest lucru reduce daunele poten\u021biale cauzate de un atac, chiar \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd contul root este compromis. Astfel, se \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te \u0219i securitatea general\u0103 a sistemului de operare.<\/p>\n<h3>exFAT<\/h3>\n<p>\nSistemul de fi\u0219iere Microsoft FAT nu permite transferul fi\u0219ierelor mai mari de 4 GB. Pentru a dep\u0103\u0219i aceast\u0103 limitare, Microsoft a creat sistemul de fi\u0219iere exFAT (de la englez\u0103 Extended FAT \u2014 \u201eFAT extins\u201d). Acum po\u021bi formata, de exemplu, un stick USB \u00een exFAT folosind <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=c48c9f7ff32b8b3965a08e40eb6763682d905b5d\">suportul \u00eencorporat<\/a><\/noindex> al sistemului de fi\u0219iere exFAT.<\/p>\n<h3>WireGuard<\/h3>\n<p>\nDe\u0219i Ubuntu 20.04 nu va folosi kernelul 5.6, cel pu\u021bin imediat, deja folose\u0219te un backport WireGuard \u00een kernelul 5.4. WireGuard este <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/itsfoss.com\/wireguard\/\">un cuv\u00e2nt nou \u00een industria VPN<\/a><\/noindex>, a\u0219a c\u0103 includerea <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wireguard.com\/\">WireGuard<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een kernel deja acum ofer\u0103 un avantaj Ubuntu 20.04 \u00een direc\u021bia cloud.<\/p>\n<p>Corectat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phoronix.com\/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=High-Threads-CFS-Quota-Fix\">bug-ul cu cotele CFS<\/a><\/noindex> iar acum aplica\u021biile multi-threaded pot func\u021biona mai repede. A fost ad\u0103ugat un driver care permite lucrul cu senzori de temperatur\u0103 \u0219i tensiune pentru procesoarele din gama Ryzen.<\/p>\n<p>Toate acestea sunt departe de a fi singurele nout\u0103\u021bi ap\u0103rute \u00een kernelul 5.4. Detalii suplimentare pot fi g\u0103site pe resursa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernelnewbies.org\/Linux_5.4\">kernelnewbies.org<\/a><\/noindex> (\u00een englez\u0103) \u0219i pe forumul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51881\">OpenNET<\/a><\/noindex> (\u00een rom\u00e2n\u0103).<\/p>\n<h3>Utilizarea Kubernetes<\/h3>\n<p>\nCanonical a implementat \u00een Ubuntu 20.04 suport complet pentru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ubuntu.com\/blog\/kubernetes-1-18-available-from-canonical\">Kubernetes 1.18<\/a><\/noindex> cu suport pentru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ubuntu.com\/kubernetes\/features\">Charmed Kubernetes<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/microk8s.io\/\">MicroK8s<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ubuntu.com\/blog\/canonical-widens-kubernetes-support-with-kubeadm\">kubeadm<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Instalarea Kubectl \u00een Ubuntu 20.04:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># snap install kubectl --classic\n\nkubectl 1.18.0 from Canonical \u2713 installed<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Utilizarea SNAP<\/h3>\n<p>\nCanonical continu\u0103 s\u0103 promoveze formatul universal de pachet \u2014 snap. Acest lucru este \u0219i mai evident \u00een versiunea Ubuntu 20.04. Dac\u0103 \u00eencerci s\u0103 lansezi un program care nu este instalat, mai \u00eent\u00e2i \u021bi se va sugera s\u0103-l instalezi folosind:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># snap install &lt;package&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ce este nou \u00een Ubuntu 20.04\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/d9d5b34233f7b267e85fd83ca96a9544.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Suport \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit pentru ZFS<\/h3>\n<p>\nDe\u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.realworldtech.com\/forum\/?threadid=189711&amp;curpostid=189841\">Lui Linus Torvalds poate s\u0103 nu-i plac\u0103 ZFS,<\/a><\/noindex>dar r\u0103m\u00e2ne un sistem de fi\u0219iere popular \u0219i a fost ad\u0103ugat suport experimental cu Ubuntu 19.10.<br \/>\nEste suficient de convenabil \u0219i stabil pentru stocarea datelor, fie pentru un arhiv personal sau pentru un depozit de server la locul de munc\u0103 (\u201edin cutie\u201d face mai mult dec\u00e2t LVM). ZFS suport\u0103 dimensiuni ale parti\u021biilor de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 256 de quadrilioni de Zettabytes (de aici litera \u201eZ\u201d din denumire) \u0219i poate gestiona fi\u0219iere de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 16 Exabytes.<\/p>\n<p>ZFS efectueaz\u0103 controlul integrit\u0103\u021bii datelor, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere modul \u00een care acestea sunt plasate pe disc. Func\u021bia de copiere la scriere garanteaz\u0103 c\u0103 datele utilizate nu vor fi suprascrise. \u00cen schimb, informa\u021biile noi sunt scrise \u00eentr-un nou bloc, iar metadatele sistemului de fi\u0219iere sunt actualizate pentru a indica aceasta. ZFS permite crearea de instantanee (capturi de sistem de fi\u0219iere) care urm\u0103resc modific\u0103rile aduse sistemului de fi\u0219iere \u0219i interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu acesta pentru a economisi spa\u021biu pe disc.<\/p>\n<p>ZFS atribuie o sum\u0103 de control fiec\u0103rui fi\u0219ier de pe disc \u0219i \u00eei verific\u0103 constant starea. Dac\u0103 detecteaz\u0103 c\u0103 un fi\u0219ier este corupt, va \u00eencerca s\u0103-l restabileasc\u0103 automat. \u00cen instalarea Ubuntu a ap\u0103rut un element separat care permite utilizarea ZFS. Detalii mai am\u0103nun\u021bite despre istoria ZFS \u0219i caracteristicile sale pot fi g\u0103site pe blog. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/itsfoss.com\/what-is-zfs\/\">Este FOSS<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h3>La revedere Python 2.X<\/h3>\n<p>\nA treia versiune Python a fost prezentat\u0103 \u00een 2008, dar chiar \u0219i 12 ani s-au dovedit insuficien\u021bi pentru a adapta proiectele Python 2 la aceasta.<br \/>\n\u00cen Ubuntu 15.10 a existat o \u00eencercare de a renun\u021ba la Python 2, dar suportul s\u0103u a continuat. \u0218i acum, pe 20 aprilie 2020, a fost lansat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.python.org\/downloads\/release\/python-2718\/\">Python 2.7.18<\/a><\/noindex>, care este ultima versiune a ramurii Python 2. Nu vor mai fi actualiz\u0103ri pentru aceasta.<\/p>\n<p>Ubuntu 20.04 nu mai suport\u0103 Python 2 \u0219i utilizeaz\u0103 Python 3.8 ca versiune implicit\u0103 de Python. Din p\u0103cate, \u00een lume mai exist\u0103 multe proiecte care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu Python 2, iar trecerea la Ubuntu 20.04 poate fi dureroas\u0103 pentru ele.<\/p>\n<p>Ultima versiune Python 2 poate fi instalat\u0103 cu o singur\u0103 comand\u0103:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># apt install python2.7<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPe l\u00e2ng\u0103 Python 3.8, dezvoltatorii pot evalua un set actualizat de instrumente, care include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>MySQL 8,<\/li>\n<li>glibc 2.31,<\/li>\n<li>OpenJDK 11,<\/li>\n<li>PHP 7.4,<\/li>\n<li>Perl 5.30,<\/li>\n<li>Golang 1.14.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>La revedere bitii de 32 de bi\u021bi<\/h3>\n<p>\nDe c\u00e2\u021biva ani, Ubuntu nu mai ofer\u0103 imagini ISO pentru computere de 32 de bi\u021bi. Acum, utilizatorii existen\u021bi ai versiunilor Ubuntu pe 32 de bi\u021bi pot trece la Ubuntu 18.04, dar nu pot face upgrade la Ubuntu 20.04. Adic\u0103, dac\u0103 utiliza\u021bi acum Ubuntu 18.04 pe 32 de bi\u021bi, ve\u021bi putea r\u0103m\u00e2ne cu aceasta p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een aprilie 2023.<\/p>\n<h2>Cum s\u0103 te actualizezi<\/h2>\n<p>\nActualizarea la Ubuntu 20.04 din versiunile anterioare este foarte simpl\u0103 \u2013 trebuie doar s\u0103 executa\u021bi urm\u0103toarele comenzi:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># sudo apt update &amp;&amp; sudo apt upgrade\n# sudo do-release-upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Suntem bucuro\u0219i s\u0103 anun\u021b\u0103m c\u0103 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) este deja disponibil ca imagine pentru ma\u0219ini virtuale \u00een platforma noastr\u0103 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/slc.tl\/-287K\">Cloud.<\/a><\/noindex>. Crea\u021bi-v\u0103 propria infrastructur\u0103 IT virtual\u0103 folosind cele mai recente software-uri!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\n<b>UPD:<\/b> Utilizatorii Ubuntu 19.10 se pot actualiza la 20.04 acum, iar utilizatorii Ubuntu 18.04 se vor putea actualiza dup\u0103 lansarea versiunii 20.04.1, programat\u0103 pentru 23 iulie 2020.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/selectel\/blog\/498526\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>23 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 Ubuntu \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 20.04 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c Focal Fossa, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c Ubuntu \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 (LTS) \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 2018 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u041d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f. \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u00abFocal\u00bb \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u00ab\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u00bb \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0438\u044f, \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439, \u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":79250,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-79249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"23 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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