{"id":80694,"date":"2020-05-08T01:42:20","date_gmt":"2020-05-07T23:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uproshhennaya-i-ochen-korotkaya-istoriya-razvitiya-oblakov"},"modified":"2020-05-08T01:42:20","modified_gmt":"2020-05-07T23:42:20","slug":"uproshhennaya-i-ochen-korotkaya-istoriya-razvitiya-oblakov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uproshhennaya-i-ochen-korotkaya-istoriya-razvitiya-oblakov","title":{"rendered":"O poveste simplificat\u0103 \u0219i foarte scurt\u0103 a dezvolt\u0103rii \u00abcloud-urilor\u00bb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"O
\nCarantina \u0219i autoizolarea \u2014 ace\u0219ti factori au influen\u021bat considerabil dezvoltarea online a afacerilor. Companiile \u00ee\u0219i schimb\u0103 concep\u021biile de interac\u021biune cu clien\u021bii, iar noi servicii \u0219i solu\u021bii apar. Acest lucru are avantaje semnificative. Chiar dac\u0103 o parte dintre organiza\u021bii se vor \u00eentoarce la formatul tradi\u021bional de lucru imediat ce toate restric\u021biile vor fi ridicate, multe, care au reu\u0219it s\u0103 aprecieze beneficiile internetului, vor continua s\u0103 se dezvolte online. Acest lucru va permite, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, dezvoltarea continu\u0103 a multor companii de internet, inclusiv a serviciilor cloud. Dar cum s-au dezvoltat, de fapt, cloud-urile? Cloud4Y v\u0103 prezint\u0103 o poveste foarte scurt\u0103 \u0219i simpl\u0103 a dezvolt\u0103rii industriei.<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Na\u0219terea<\/h4>\n

\nNu se poate numi cu exactitate o dat\u0103 de na\u0219tere a calculului \u00een cloud. Totu\u0219i, anul 2006 este considerat punctul de plecare, c\u00e2nd directorul general Google, Eric Schmidt, a spus \u00eentr-un interviu de \u00eencheiere a conferin\u021bei Search Engine Strategies Conference: \u201eO nou\u0103 model de sisteme computa\u021bionale prinde via\u021b\u0103 chiar sub ochii no\u0219tri, \u0219i cred c\u0103 nu sunt at\u00e2t de mul\u021bi oameni capabili s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 perspectiva ce se deschide. Esen\u021ba este c\u0103 serviciile care sus\u021bin datele \u0219i arhitectura sunt g\u0103zduite pe servere externe. Datele se afl\u0103 pe aceste servere, iar pe ele se efectueaz\u0103 calculele necesare\u2026 \u0218i dac\u0103 ave\u021bi un computer, laptop, telefon mobil sau alt dispozitiv cu drepturile de acces corespunz\u0103toare, pute\u021bi accesa acest cloud.\u201d <\/p>\n

\u00cen aceea\u0219i perioad\u0103, compania Amazon a realizat c\u0103 activitatea \u00een domeniul gestion\u0103rii lan\u021burilor de aprovizionare \u0219i comer\u021bului cu am\u0103nuntul a permis ob\u021binerea unor progrese semnificative \u00een domeniul serviciilor IT infrastructurale u\u0219or de desf\u0103\u0219urat. De exemplu, pentru calcul sau stocare a bazelor de date. A\u0219adar, de ce s\u0103 nu \u00eencerce s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 profit, oferind \u0219i aceste servicii clien\u021bilor? Astfel a ap\u0103rut Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, precursorul Amazon Web Services (AWS) \u2014 un furnizor de servicii cloud cunoscut, dar cu unele provoc\u0103ri.<\/p>\n

\u00cen urm\u0103torii c\u00e2\u021biva ani, AWS a de\u021binut f\u0103r\u0103 concuren\u021b\u0103 pia\u021ba cloud computing, l\u0103s\u00e2nd altor companii (destul de mici) doar o mic\u0103 parte din pia\u021b\u0103. \u00cens\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2010, al\u021bi giganti IT \u0219i-au dat seama c\u0103 ar fi bine s\u0103 se implice \u0219i ei \u00een \u201eafacerea cloud\u201d. Interesant este c\u0103, de\u0219i Google a ajuns mai devreme la aceast\u0103 concluzie, Microsoft a reu\u0219it s\u0103-l \u00eentrec\u0103, anun\u021b\u00e2nd lansarea unui cloud public (Windows Azure) \u00een 2008. Totu\u0219i, Azure a \u00eenceput s\u0103 func\u021bioneze cu adev\u0103rat abia \u00een februarie 2010. \u00cen acela\u0219i an, a fost lansat un proiect important pentru domeniul cloud \u0219i concep\u021bia de \u201eInfrastructur\u0103 ca Serviciu\u201d (IaaS) \u2014 OpenStack. C\u00e2t despre Google, s-a mobilizat abia spre sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anului 2011, c\u00e2nd, dup\u0103 o versiune beta extins\u0103, a ap\u0103rut Google Cloud.<\/p>\n

Noi instrumente<\/h4>\n

\nToate aceste cloud-uri au fost construite folosind ma\u0219ini virtuale (VM), dar gestionarea VM-urilor cu ajutorul instrumentelor tradi\u021bionale de administrator de sistem a fost o adev\u0103rat\u0103 provocare. Solu\u021bia a fost dezvoltarea rapid\u0103 a DevOps. Acest termen combin\u0103 tehnologii, procese \u0219i cultur\u0103 de colaborare \u00een cadrul echipei. Pe scurt, DevOps este un set de practici orientate spre colaborarea str\u00e2ns\u0103 \u00eentre speciali\u0219tii \u00een dezvoltare \u0219i cei din mentenan\u021ba tehnologic\u0103 a informa\u021biei, precum \u0219i integrarea reciproc\u0103 a proceselor lor de munc\u0103.<\/p>\n

Gra\u021bie DevOps \u0219i ideilor de integrare continu\u0103, livrare continu\u0103 \u0219i desf\u0103\u0219urare continu\u0103 (CI\/CD), la \u00eenceputul anilor 2010, cloud-urile au c\u00e2\u0219tigat flexibilitatea necesar\u0103 pentru a deveni produse comerciale de succes.<\/p>\n

O alt\u0103 abordare a virtualiz\u0103rii (probabil a\u021bi ghicit c\u0103 este vorba despre containere) a \u00eenceput s\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tige popularitate \u00een 2013. Aceasta a modificat semnificativ multe procese \u00een medii cloud, afect\u00e2nd dezvoltarea Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) \u0219i Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS). Da, containerizarea nu era o tehnologie chiar at\u00e2t de nou\u0103, dar undeva \u00een jurul anului 2013, Docker a f\u0103cut desf\u0103\u0219urarea aplica\u021biilor \u0219i serverelor c\u00e2t se poate de convenabil\u0103 \u0219i simpl\u0103, oferind furnizorilor de cloud \u0219i industriei \u00een ansamblu containere.<\/p>\n

Containerele \u0219i arhitectura f\u0103r\u0103 server<\/h4>\n

\nUn pas logic a fost dezvoltarea acestei tehnologii, iar \u00een 2015 a ap\u0103rut Kubernetes \u2014 un instrument pentru gestionarea containerelor. La c\u00e2\u021biva ani distan\u021b\u0103, Kubernetes a devenit standardul pentru orchestrarea containerelor. Popularitatea sa a contribuit la cre\u0219terea cloud-urilor hibride. Dac\u0103 \u00eenainte aceste cloud-uri utilizau software incomod \u0219i adaptat altor sarcini pentru a combina cloud-urile publice \u0219i private, cu ajutorul Kubernetes crearea cloud-urilor hibride a devenit o sarcin\u0103 mai simpl\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen acela\u0219i timp (\u00een 2014), AWS a introdus conceptul de calcul f\u0103r\u0103 server \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Lambda. \u00cen acest model, func\u021bionalitatea aplica\u021biei este reprezentat\u0103 nu \u00een ma\u0219ini virtuale sau containere, ci sub forma serviciilor scalabile \u00een cloud. Noua abordare a influen\u021bat de asemenea cre\u0219terea calculului \u00een cloud.<\/p>\n

Iat\u0103 a\u0219a repede am ajuns \u00een vremea noastr\u0103. Cu doar zece ani \u00een urm\u0103, percep\u021bia asupra cloud-ului era pu\u021bin diferit\u0103, iar conceptul \u00een sine era mai degrab\u0103 ipotetic dec\u00e2t real. Dac\u0103 am putea lua orice director IT sferic din anul 2010 \u0219i l-am \u00eentreba dac\u0103 planific\u0103 o trecere la cloud, am fi fost ridiculiza\u021bi. Ideea era mult prea riscant\u0103, \u00eendr\u0103znea\u021b\u0103, fantastic\u0103.<\/p>\n

Ast\u0103zi, \u00een 2020, totul este diferit. Mai mult, \u201egra\u021bie\u201d noului virus, mediile cloud au devenit obiectul unei aten\u021bii sporite din partea companiilor care, \u00een principiu, nu luau \u00een considerare probabilitatea utiliz\u0103rii unor astfel de tehnologii. Cei care foloseau deja solu\u021bii cloud au reu\u0219it s\u0103 atenueze lovitura asupra afacerii. Ca rezultat, directorii IT pot fi \u00eentreba\u021bi nu dac\u0103 planific\u0103 o tranzi\u021bie la cloud, ci cum \u00ee\u0219i gestioneaz\u0103 cloud-ul, ce instrumente folosesc \u0219i de ce le lipse\u0219te.<\/p>\n

Timpul nostru<\/h4>\n

\nSe poate a\u0219tepta ca starea actual\u0103 s\u0103 conduc\u0103 la apari\u021bia unor noi instrumente care s\u0103 extind\u0103 func\u021bionalitatea \u0219i flexibilitatea mediilor cloud. Urm\u0103rim cu interes evolu\u021bia evenimentelor. <\/p>\n

Vrem s\u0103 subliniem \u0219i un alt aspect: afacerea care, \u00eenainte de pandemie, oferea servicii de tranzi\u021bie a proceselor de afaceri \u201eoffline\u201d \u00een online, \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 atrag\u0103 noi clien\u021bi, oferind condi\u021bii speciale. De exemplu, Cloud4Y ofer\u0103 cloud gratuit <\/a><\/noindex>pentru o perioad\u0103 de p\u00e2n\u0103 la dou\u0103 luni. Alte companii au, de asemenea, oferte atractive, greu de ob\u021binut \u00een condi\u021bii normale. A\u0219adar, pentru digitalizarea afacerii, despre care au discutat at\u00e2t de mult politicienii, acum au fost create cele mai favorabile condi\u021bii \u2013 profit\u0103 \u0219i utilizeaz\u0103, testeaz\u0103 \u0219i verific\u0103.<\/p>\n

Ce altceva util se poate citi \u00een blog Cloud4Y<\/a><\/noindex><\/b><\/p>\n

\u2192 M\u0103rci de computere din anii '90, partea 3, concluzia<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 Care este geometria Universului?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 P\u0103c\u0103leli pe h\u0103r\u021bile topografice ale Elve\u021biei<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 Cum a reu\u0219it mama hackerului s\u0103 p\u0103trund\u0103 \u00een \u00eenchisoare \u0219i s\u0103 infecteze computerul \u0219efului <\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 Cum s-a \u201edezm\u0103\u021bat\u201d banca<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Abona\u021bi-v\u0103 la canalul nostru Telegram<\/a><\/noindex>-canal, pentru a nu pierde urm\u0103torul articol. Scriem de maximum dou\u0103 ori pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i doar c\u00e2nd este cazul.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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