{"id":80914,"date":"2020-05-09T13:42:42","date_gmt":"2020-05-09T11:42:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-stat-devops-inzhenerom-za-polgoda-ili-dazhe-bystree-chast-1-vvedenie"},"modified":"2020-05-09T13:42:42","modified_gmt":"2020-05-09T11:42:42","slug":"kak-stat-devops-inzhenerom-za-polgoda-ili-dazhe-bystree-chast-1-vvedenie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-stat-devops-inzhenerom-za-polgoda-ili-dazhe-bystree-chast-1-vvedenie","title":{"rendered":"Cum s\u0103 devii inginer DevOps \u00een \u0219ase luni sau chiar mai repede. Partea 1. Introducere","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Publicul \u021bint\u0103<\/h3>\n

\nE\u0219ti un dezvoltator care vrea s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendrepte cariera c\u0103tre un model DevOps mai avansat? E\u0219ti un inginer Ops clasic \u0219i ai vrea s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegi ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 DevOps? Sau poate nu e\u0219ti nici una, nici alta \u0219i, dup\u0103 ce ai petrecut ceva timp lucr\u00e2nd \u00een domeniul tehnologiilor IT, vrei s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi schimbi locul de munc\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 \u0219tii de unde s\u0103 \u00eencepi?
\nDac\u0103 da, continu\u0103 s\u0103 cite\u0219ti pentru a afla cum po\u021bi deveni inginer DevOps de nivel mediu \u00een \u0219ase luni! \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, dac\u0103 ai experien\u021b\u0103 \u00een DevOps de mul\u021bi ani, cu siguran\u021b\u0103 vei \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba multe lucruri utile din acest ciclu de articole \u0219i vei descoperi unde se afl\u0103 \u00een prezent industria integr\u0103rii \u0219i automatiz\u0103rii, precum \u0219i direc\u021biile \u00een care aceasta se dezvolt\u0103. <\/p>\n

\"Cum<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Ce este, de fapt?<\/h3>\n

\n\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, ce este DevOps? Po\u021bi c\u0103uta defini\u021bii \u0219i s\u0103 te ag\u0103\u021bi de toat\u0103 aceast\u0103 terminologie, dar trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii c\u0103 majoritatea defini\u021biilor sunt doar o amalgamare de cuvinte frumos \u00eempachetate. A\u0219adar, \u00ee\u021bi voi oferi o sintez\u0103 a acestor defini\u021bii: DevOps este un mod de livrare a software-ului \u00een care durerea \u0219i responsabilitatea sunt \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219ite \u00eentre to\u021bi cei implica\u021bi. Asta e tot.<\/p>\n

Bine, dar ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 de fapt aceast\u0103 abreviere? \u00censeamn\u0103 c\u0103, \u00een mod tradi\u021bional, dezvoltatorii (persoanele care creeaz\u0103 software) au fost ghida\u021bi \u00een munca lor de stimulente care difer\u0103 semnificativ de cele ale opera\u021biunilor (persoanele care gestioneaz\u0103 software-ul). De exemplu, ca dezvoltator, vreau s\u0103 creez c\u00e2t mai repede posibil c\u00e2t mai multe func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi noi. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, aceasta este munca mea \u0219i exact asta cer clien\u021bii! Totu\u0219i, dac\u0103 sunt un om Ops, atunci \u00eemi doresc c\u00e2t mai pu\u021bine func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi noi, deoarece fiecare func\u021bionalitate nou\u0103 reprezint\u0103 o modificare, iar orice modificare poate cauza probleme. Ca urmare a acestui dezacord al stimulentelor a ap\u0103rut DevOps.<\/p>\n

DevOps \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 reuneasc\u0103 dezvoltarea \u0219i opera\u021biunile (integrarea \u0219i automatizarea) \u00eentr-un singur grup. Ideea este c\u0103 acum un singur grup va \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219i at\u00e2t durerea, c\u00e2t \u0219i responsabilitatea (\u0219i, probabil, recompensa) pentru crearea, desf\u0103\u0219urarea \u0219i generarea de venituri din software-ul orientat spre client.<\/p>\n

Puristii v\u0103 vor spune c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 a\u0219a ceva ca un \u201einginer DevOps\u201d. \u201eDevOps este o cultur\u0103, nu un rol\u201d, v\u0103 vor spune ei. Sigur, din punct de vedere tehnic au dreptate, dar, ca adesea se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103, acest termen a dep\u0103\u0219it semnifica\u021bia sa ini\u021bial\u0103. A\u0219adar, inginerul DevOps este ceva de genul \u201einginer de sistem 2.0\u201d. Cu alte cuvinte, este cineva care \u00een\u021belege ciclul de via\u021b\u0103 al dezvolt\u0103rii software-ului \u0219i creeaz\u0103 unelte \u0219i procese de dezvoltare software pentru a rezolva problemele opera\u021bionale clasice.<\/p>\n

\"Cum
\n
\nDevOps \u00eenseamn\u0103, \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, crearea unor canale digitale care preiau codul de pe laptopul dezvoltatorului \u0219i \u00eel transform\u0103 \u00een venit din utilizarea produsului finit, acesta este tot ceea ce conteaz\u0103. Observa\u021bi c\u0103 alegerea unei cariere \u00een DevOps este destul de bine compensat\u0103 financiar, aproape fiecare companie \u201epractic\u0103 DevOps\u201d sau pretinde c\u0103 face acest lucru. Indiferent de locul \u00een care se afl\u0103 aceste companii, oportunit\u0103\u021bile de angajare \u00een calitate de DevOps sunt destul de mari \u0219i implic\u0103 o ocupare \u201epl\u0103cut\u0103\u201d \u0219i semnificativ\u0103 pentru mul\u021bi ani \u00eenainte.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, fi\u021bi aten\u021bi la companiile care angajeaz\u0103 o \u201eechip\u0103 DevOps\u201d sau un \u201edepartament DevOps\u201d. Strict vorbind, astfel de lucruri nu ar trebui s\u0103 existe, deoarece \u00een cele din urm\u0103 DevOps este, totu\u0219i, o cultur\u0103 \u0219i o modalitate de livrare a software-ului, nu o completare a unei echipe noi sau crearea unui departament cu un nume la mod\u0103.<\/p>\n

Declinarea responsabilit\u0103\u021bii<\/h3>\n

\n\u0218i acum, haide\u021bi s\u0103 l\u0103s\u0103m o clip\u0103 deoparte un pahar \u201eCool-Aid\u201d \u0219i s\u0103 ne g\u00e2ndim la urm\u0103toarea chestiune. A\u021bi auzit vechea zical\u0103 \u201enu exist\u0103 ingineri DevOps juniori\u201d? Dac\u0103 nu, s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi c\u0103 este un trop popular pe Reddit \u0219i StackOverflow. Dar ce \u00eenseamn\u0103?<\/p>\n

\u00cen termeni simpli, aceast\u0103 fraz\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 este nevoie de mul\u021bi ani de experien\u021b\u0103 \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de o \u00een\u021belegere solid\u0103 a instrumentelor pentru a deveni cu adev\u0103rat un practician eficient Senior DevOps. \u0218i, din p\u0103cate, nu exist\u0103 un scurtcircuit pentru a ajunge la acest obiectiv. A\u0219adar, nu este o \u00eencercare de a \u00een\u0219ela sistemul \u2014 nu cred c\u0103 este posibil s\u0103 te pretinzi a fi senior DevOps av\u00e2nd doar c\u00e2teva luni de experien\u021b\u0103 \u00een domeniu. Atingerea unei \u00een\u021belegeri clare a instrumentelor \u0219i metodologiilor \u00een continu\u0103 schimbare necesit\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103 de lung\u0103 durat\u0103, \u0219i de asta nu po\u021bi sc\u0103pa. Totu\u0219i, exist\u0103 un meniu aproape convenit (la mod\u0103, dac\u0103 vrei) de instrumente \u0219i concepte folosite de majoritatea companiilor, iar despre asta vom discuta.<\/p>\n

Din nou, instrumentele sunt diferite de abilit\u0103\u021bi, a\u0219a c\u0103, \u00een timp ce \u00eenve\u021bi instrumentele, asigur\u0103-te c\u0103 nu \u00ee\u021bi neglijezi abilit\u0103\u021bile (sondaje, construire de re\u021bele, comunicare scris\u0103, depanare etc.). Cel mai important este s\u0103 nu pierzi din vedere ceea ce vrem s\u0103 g\u0103sim \u2013 o modalitate de a crea un canal digital complet automatizat, care transform\u0103 ideile \u00een fragmente de cod care genereaz\u0103 venituri. Acesta este singurul \u0219i cel mai important mesaj din \u00eentreaga aceast\u0103 articol!<\/p>\n

Ajunge cu vorb\u0103ria, c\u00e2nd pot \u00eencepe?<\/h3>\n

\nMai jos este o foaie de parcurs \u00abCuno\u0219tin\u021be fundamentale DevOps\u00bb. Odat\u0103 ce ai st\u0103p\u00e2nit tot ceea ce este prezentat acolo, po\u021bi cu \u00eencredere \u0219i cinste s\u0103 te nume\u0219ti inginer DevOps! Sau inginer pe cloud, dac\u0103 nu \u00ee\u021bi place denumirea \u00abDevOps\u00bb,<\/p>\n

\"Cum
\n
\nAceast\u0103 hart\u0103 reflect\u0103 viziunea mea (\u0219i probabil a majorit\u0103\u021bii oamenilor care lucreaz\u0103 \u00een acest domeniu) despre ce ar trebui s\u0103 \u0219tie un inginer DevOps competent. Totu\u0219i, aceasta este doar o p\u0103rere \u0219i, desigur, va exista \u0219i voci contrare. Este \u00een regul\u0103! Nu c\u0103ut\u0103m perfec\u021biunea aici, ci o baz\u0103 solid\u0103 pe care se poate construi.<\/p>\n

Trebuie s\u0103 urmezi acest drum treptat, strat cu strat. Trebuie s\u0103 \u00eencepi (\u0219i s\u0103 continui!) cu fundamentele, \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u00e2nd mai \u00eent\u00e2i elementele marcate \u00een albastru \u2014 Linux, Python \u0219i AWS. Apoi, dac\u0103 timpul sau cererea de pe pia\u021ba muncii permite,az\u0103 ocup\u0103-te de lucrurile violet \u2014 Golang \u0219i Google Cloud. <\/p>\n

S\u0103 fim sinceri, stratul de baz\u0103 este ceva ce va trebui s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi f\u0103r\u0103 sf\u00e2r\u0219it. Sistemul de operare Linux este foarte complex \u0219i st\u0103p\u00e2nirea lui necesit\u0103 ani de zile. Python necesit\u0103 practic\u0103 constant\u0103 pentru a r\u0103m\u00e2ne la curent. AWS se dezvolt\u0103 at\u00e2t de repede \u00eenc\u00e2t ceea ce \u0219ti\u021bi ast\u0103zi va fi doar o parte din portofoliul general de cuno\u0219tin\u021be peste un an. Odat\u0103 ce a\u021bi \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat bazele, trece\u021bi la setul real de abilit\u0103\u021bi. Re\u021bine\u021bi c\u0103 exist\u0103 6 coloane albastre (Configurare, Versiune, Pachetare, Implementare, Lansare, Monitorizare), c\u00e2te una pentru fiecare lun\u0103 de studiu.<\/p>\n

\"Cum
\n
\nDesigur, a\u021bi observat absen\u021ba unei etape importante \u00een conveierul nostru de \u0219ase luni \u2013 testarea. L-am exclus inten\u021bionat din foaia de parcurs, deoarece scrierea modulului, integrarea \u0219i testele de acceptare sunt dificile \u0219i, de obicei, sunt responsabilitatea dezvoltatorilor. Absen\u021ba etapei de \u201etestare\u201d se explic\u0103 prin faptul c\u0103 scopul acestei foi de parcurs este de a st\u0103p\u00e2ni c\u00e2t mai repede abilit\u0103\u021bile \u0219i instrumentele de baz\u0103. Lipsa experien\u021bei \u00een testare este, \u00een opinia autorului, doar un obstacol minor pentru utilizarea corect\u0103 a DevOps.<\/p>\n

\u00cen plus, aminti\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 nu studiem aici o mul\u021bime de tehnologie dezorganizat\u0103, ci ne concentr\u0103m pe \u00een\u021belegerea instrumentelor care, \u00eempreun\u0103, creeaz\u0103 o poveste clar\u0103. Aceast\u0103 poveste este o automatizare de-a lungul \u00eentregului proces \u2013 un conveier digital care mut\u0103 datele ca o linie de asamblare. Nu dori\u021bi s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi o mul\u021bime de instrumente \u0219i s\u0103 v\u0103 opri\u021bi constant! Instrumentele DevOps se schimb\u0103 rapid, iar conceptele \u2013 mult mai rar. Prin urmare, ar trebui s\u0103 v\u0103 str\u0103dui\u021bi s\u0103 folosi\u021bi instrumentele ca proxy educa\u021bional pentru concepte de nivel superior.<\/p>\n

Bine, s\u0103 s\u0103p\u0103m pu\u021bin mai ad\u00e2nc!<\/p>\n

Cuno\u0219tin\u021be fundamentale<\/h3>\n

\nSub scala superioar\u0103 cu inscrip\u021bia Foundation, vede\u021bi abilit\u0103\u021bile pe care fiecare inginer DevOps trebuie s\u0103 le st\u0103p\u00e2neasc\u0103. Aceste abilit\u0103\u021bi sunt gestionarea eficient\u0103 a celor trei \u201est\u00e2lpi\u201d ai industriei, care sunt: sistemul de operare, limbajul de programare \u0219i cloud-ul public. Aceste lucruri nu sunt ceva ce po\u021bi \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba rapid \u0219i apoi s\u0103 treci mai departe. Aceste abilit\u0103\u021bi trebuie perfec\u021bionate constant \u0219i m\u0103iestria \u00een utilizarea lor trebuie rafinat\u0103, pentru a r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een avangarda industriei \u0219i pentru a actualiza mediul profesional \u00een care te \u00eenconjori. S\u0103 le analiz\u0103m pe r\u00e2nd.<\/p>\n

Linux este locul unde totul func\u021bioneaz\u0103. Po\u021bi fi un practician DevOps uimitor, r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd complet \u00een ecosistemul Microsoft? Desigur, po\u021bi! Nu exist\u0103 o lege care s\u0103 stipuleze c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 folose\u0219ti doar Linux. Totu\u0219i, re\u021bine - de\u0219i po\u021bi face lucruri cu Linux \u0219i \u00een Windows, acolo se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 mult mai greu \u0219i cu func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi mai limitate. \u00cen acest moment, se poate spune cu \u00eencredere c\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 cuno\u0219tin\u021be de Linux nu po\u021bi deveni un profesionist adev\u0103rat \u00een DevOps, a\u0219a c\u0103 Linux este ceea ce trebuie s\u0103 studiezi \u0219i s\u0103 studiezi.<\/p>\n

Sincer, cea mai bun\u0103 modalitate de a face asta este pur \u0219i simplu s\u0103 instalezi Linux (Fedora sau Ubuntu) acas\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103-l folose\u0219ti c\u00e2t mai mult posibil. Desigur, vei distruge o gr\u0103mad\u0103 de lucruri, vei r\u0103m\u00e2ne blocat \u00een fluxuri de lucru, va trebui s\u0103 repari totul, dar astfel vei \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba Linux!<\/p>\n

\"Cum
\n
\nApropo, \u00een America de Nord sunt mai populare variantele RedHat, a\u0219a c\u0103 are sens s\u0103 \u00eencepi cu Fedora sau CentOS. Dac\u0103 te \u00eentrebi dac\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 achizi\u021bionezi varianta KDE sau Gnome, alege KDE. Acesta este ceea ce folose\u0219te \u00eensu\u0219i Linus Torvalds. <\/p>\n

Python este \u00een zilele noastre limbajul dominant de back-end. Este u\u0219or de \u00eenceput, utilizat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103. Python este foarte r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een domeniul inteligen\u021bei artificiale \u0219i al \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103rii automate, a\u0219a c\u0103, dac\u0103 vrei vreodat\u0103 s\u0103 treci \u00eentr-un alt domeniu \u00eenfloritor, vei fi complet preg\u0103tit pentru asta.<\/p>\n

\"Cum
\n
\nAmazon Web Services: din nou, nu este posibil s\u0103 devii un profesionist DevOps experimentat f\u0103r\u0103 o \u00een\u021belegere solid\u0103 a modului \u00een care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 cloud-ul public. \u0218i dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 afli c\u00e2t mai multe despre acest subiect, studiaz\u0103 Amazon Web Services. Este un juc\u0103tor de frunte \u00een acest domeniu de servicii, oferind cele mai bogate seturi de instrumente de lucru.<\/p>\n

Este posibil s\u0103 \u00eencepem cu Google Cloud sau Azure \u00een loc de aceasta? Desigur, se poate! \u00cens\u0103, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere ultimul criz\u0103 financiar\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 \u021binem cont c\u0103 AWS este cea mai sigur\u0103 op\u021biune, cel pu\u021bin \u00een 2018, deoarece permite \u00eenregistrarea gratuit\u0103 a unui cont \u0219i \u00eenceperea explor\u0103rii serviciilor cloud. \u00cen plus, consola AWS ofer\u0103 utilizatorului un meniu simplu \u0219i clar pentru selec\u021bie. Ve\u0219tile bune sunt c\u0103 nu trebuie s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi toate tehnologiile Amazon pentru a face acest lucru.<\/p>\n

\"Cum
\n
\n\u00cencepe\u021bi cu urm\u0103toarele: VPC, EC2, IAM, S3, CloudWatch, ELB (Elastic Load Balancing prin EC2) \u0219i Security Group. Acestea sunt suficiente pentru a \u00eencepe lucrul, iar fiecare antrepriz\u0103 cloud modern\u0103 folose\u0219te aceste instrumente \u00eentr-un mod activ. Site-ul de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare AWS este un loc excelent pentru a face primii pa\u0219i.<\/p>\n

V\u0103 recomand s\u0103 dedica\u021bi zilnic 20-30 de minute studiului \u0219i practicii cu limbajul Python, sistemul de operare Linux \u0219i serviciul cloud AWS, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 alte lucruri pe care va trebui s\u0103 le \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi. \u00cen general, cred c\u0103 a investi o or\u0103 pe zi de cinci ori pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 este suficient pentru a \u00een\u021belege procesele din industria DevOps \u00een decurs de 6 luni sau chiar mai pu\u021bin. Exist\u0103 \u00een total 6 componente principale, fiecare corespunz\u0103toare unei luni de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare. Acestea sunt tot ce ave\u021bi nevoie pentru a dob\u00e2ndi cuno\u0219tin\u021be de baz\u0103.
\n\u00cen articolele urm\u0103toare, vom explora nivelul urm\u0103tor de complexitate: cum s\u0103 automatiz\u0103m complet configurarea, versiunea, \u00eempachetarea, desf\u0103\u0219urarea, rularea \u0219i monitorizarea software-ului.<\/p>\n

Continuarea va veni foarte cur\u00e2nd\u2026<\/p>\n

Pu\u021bin publicitate \ud83d\ude42<\/h3>\n

\nMul\u021bumim c\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne\u021bi cu noi. V\u0103 plac articolele noastre? Dori\u021bi s\u0103 vede\u021bi mai multe materiale interesante? Sus\u021bine\u021bi-ne, efectu\u00e2nd o comand\u0103 sau recomand\u00e2ndu-ne prietenilor, VPS cloud pentru dezvoltatori de la 4,99 $<\/a><\/noindex>, un echivalent unic pentru serverele entry-level, care a fost creat de noi pentru voi:<\/b> Toat\u0103 adev\u0103rul despre VPS (KVM) E5-2697 v3 (6 nuclee) 10GB DDR4 480GB SSD 1Gbps de la 19 $ sau cum s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi\u021bi corect un server?<\/a><\/noindex> (sunt disponibile op\u021biuni cu RAID1 \u0219i RAID10, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 24 nuclee \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd la jum\u0103tate de pre\u021b \u00een centrul de date Equinix Tier IV din Amsterdam?<\/b> Numai la noi 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB de la 199 $<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een Olanda! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 de la 99 $!<\/b><\/b> Citi\u021bi despre Cum s\u0103 construi\u021bi o infrastructur\u0103 de clas\u0103 enterprise folosind servere Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 la pre\u021buri foarte mici de 9000 \u20ac?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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