{"id":81922,"date":"2020-05-18T01:42:25","date_gmt":"2020-05-17T23:42:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-perenesti-openvz-6-kontejner-na-kvm-server-bez-golovnoj-boli"},"modified":"2020-05-18T01:42:25","modified_gmt":"2020-05-17T23:42:25","slug":"kak-perenesti-openvz-6-kontejner-na-kvm-server-bez-golovnoj-boli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-perenesti-openvz-6-kontejner-na-kvm-server-bez-golovnoj-boli","title":{"rendered":"Cum s\u0103 migra\u021bi un container OpenVZ 6 pe un server KVM f\u0103r\u0103 dureri de cap","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Oricine a avut nevoie m\u0103car o dat\u0103 \u00een via\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 migreze un container OpenVZ pe un server cu virtualizare complet\u0103 KVM s-a confruntat cu unele probleme:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Majoritatea informa\u021biilor sunt pur \u0219i simplu \u00eenvechite \u0219i relevante pentru ciclii EOL ai sistemelor de operare care au trecut de mult.<\/li>\n<li>Pentru diferite sisteme de operare sunt disponibile informa\u021bii variate, iar posibilele erori \u00een timpul migra\u021biei nu sunt niciodat\u0103 analizate.<\/li>\n<li>Uneori trebuie s\u0103 te confrun\u021bi cu configura\u021bii care nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 dup\u0103 migra\u021bie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2nd migrezi un singur server, mereu po\u021bi corecta ceva pe parcurs, dar ce faci c\u00e2nd migrezi un \u00eentreg cluster? <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest articol voi \u00eencerca s\u0103 explic cum s\u0103 migrezi corect un container OpenVZ pe KVM cu un timp minim de nefunc\u021bionare \u0219i o solu\u021bionare rapid\u0103 a tuturor problemelor.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"nebolshoy-likbez-chto-takoe-openvz-i-chto-takoe-kvm\">Un mic curs introductiv: ce este OpenVZ \u0219i ce este KVM?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nu ne vom aprofunda \u00een terminologie, ci ne vom exprima \u00een termeni generali:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>OpenVZ<\/strong> \u2014 virtualizare la nivel de sistem de operare, poate fi implementat\u0103 chiar \u0219i pe un cuptor cu microunde, deoarece nu este nevoie de instruc\u021biuni CPU \u0219i tehnologii de virtualizare pe ma\u0219ina gazd\u0103. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>KVM <\/strong> \u2014 virtualizare complet\u0103, care folose\u0219te toat\u0103 puterea CPU-ului \u0219i este capabil\u0103 s\u0103 virtualizeze orice, \u00een orice mod, t\u0103ind cum dore\u0219te. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Contrar opiniei populare c\u0103 \u00een mediu <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/\"   title=\"furnizori de g\u0103zduire\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1210\">furnizori de g\u0103zduire<\/a> OpenVZ este supus la overselling, iar KVM nu este \u2014 din fericire pentru cei din urm\u0103, KVM-ul poate fi supus la overselling la fel de bine ca \u0219i omologul s\u0103u.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chto-budem-perenosit\">Ce vom migra?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ca subiec\u021bi pentru migrare, a fost necesar s\u0103 utiliz\u0103m \u00eentreaga gam\u0103 de sisteme de operare disponibile pe OpenVZ: CentOS (versiunile 6 \u0219i 7), Ubuntu (14, 16 \u0219i 18 LTS), Debian 7.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Se presupunea c\u0103 \u00een majoritatea containerelor OpenVZ ruleaz\u0103 un LAMP de baz\u0103, iar unele au un software foarte specific. De cele mai multe ori, acestea au fost configura\u021bii cu panouri de control ISPmanager, VestaCP (\u0219i cel mai frecvent, neactualizate de ani de zile). Este necesar s\u0103 \u021binem cont de cerin\u021bele lor pentru migrare.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Migrarea se realizeaz\u0103 cu p\u0103strarea <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"adrese IP\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"668\">adrese IP<\/a> containerului transferabil, vom considera c\u0103 IP-ul care a fost \u00een container r\u0103m\u00e2ne pe VM \u0219i va func\u021biona f\u0103r\u0103 probleme.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cenainte de migrare, s\u0103 ne asigur\u0103m c\u0103 avem totul preg\u0103tit:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Server OpenVZ, acces root complet la ma\u0219ina gazd\u0103, capacitatea de a opri\/monta\/porni\/elimina containerele.<\/li>\n<li>Server KVM, acces root complet la ma\u0219ina gazd\u0103, cu toate cele ce decurg. Se presupune c\u0103 totul este deja configurat \u0219i gata de utilizare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"pristupaem-k-perenosu\">\u00cencepem migrarea<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cenainte de a \u00eencepe migrarea, s\u0103 stabilim termenii care ne vor ajuta s\u0103 nu ne pierdem:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>KVM_NODE<\/strong> \u2014 ma\u0219ina gazd\u0103 KVM<br \/>\n<strong>VZ_NODE<\/strong> \u2014 ma\u0219ina gazd\u0103 OpenVZ<br \/>\n<strong>CTID<\/strong> \u2014 container OpenVZ<br \/>\n<strong>VM<\/strong> \u2014 server virtual KVM<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"podgotovka-k-perenosu-i-sozdanie-virtualnyh-mashin\">Preg\u0103tire pentru migrare \u0219i creare de ma\u0219ini virtuale.<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pasul 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Deoarece trebuie s\u0103 migram containerul, s\u0103 cre\u0103m <strong>VM<\/strong> cu o configura\u021bie similar\u0103 pe <strong>KVM_NODE<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<strong>Important!<\/strong> Trebuie s\u0103 cre\u0103m VM pe sistemul de operare care ruleaz\u0103 acum pe CTID. De exemplu, dac\u0103 pe CTID este instalat Ubuntu 14, atunci \u0219i pe VM trebuie s\u0103 instal\u0103m Ubuntu 14. Versiunile minore nu sunt importante \u0219i necorespunderea lor nu este at\u00e2t de critic\u0103, dar versiunile majore trebuie s\u0103 fie identice.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 crearea VM, vom efectua actualizarea pachetelor pe CTID \u0219i pe VM (nu confunda\u021bi cu actualizarea OS \u2014 nu actualiz\u0103m OS-ul, actualiz\u0103m doar pachetele \u0219i, dac\u0103 este necesar, versiunea OS \u00een cadrul versiunii principale).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pentru CentOS acest proces arat\u0103 inofensiv:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># yum clean all\n# yum update -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0218i la fel de inofensiv pentru Ubuntu, Debian:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># apt-get update\n# apt-get upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pasul 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Instal\u0103m pe <strong>CTID<\/strong>, <strong>VZ_NODE<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>VM<\/strong> utilitar <strong>rsync<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>CentOS:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># yum install rsync -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Debian, Ubuntu:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># apt-get install rsync -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nu instal\u0103m nimic altceva nici acolo, nici aici.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pasul 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Oprindem <strong>CTID <\/strong>pe <strong>VZ_NODE <\/strong>comanda<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vzctl stop CTID<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mont\u0103m imaginea <strong>CTID<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vzctl mount CTID<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ne mut\u0103m \u00een folderul \/vz\/root\/<strong>CTID<\/strong> \u0219i execut\u0103m<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">mount --bind \/dev dev &amp;&amp; mount --bind \/sys sys &amp;&amp; mount --bind \/proc proc &amp;&amp; chroot .<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Sub chroot, cre\u0103m fi\u0219ierul \/root\/exclude.txt \u2014 acesta va con\u021bine lista excluderilor care nu vor fi migrate pe noul server<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">\/boot\n\/proc\n\/sys\n\/tmp\n\/dev\n\/var\/lock\n\/etc\/fstab\n\/etc\/mtab\n\/etc\/resolv.conf\n\/etc\/conf.d\/net\n\/etc\/network\/interfaces\n\/etc\/networks\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network*\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/hwconf\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/ip6tables-config\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/kernel\n\/etc\/hostname\n\/etc\/HOSTNAME\n\/etc\/hosts\n\/etc\/modprobe*\n\/etc\/modules\n\/net\n\/lib\/modules\n\/etc\/rc.conf\n\/usr\/share\/nova-agent*\n\/usr\/sbin\/nova-agent*\n\/etc\/init.d\/nova-agent*\n\/etc\/ips\n\/etc\/ipaddrpool\n\/etc\/ips.dnsmaster\n\/etc\/resolv.conf\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth0\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-ens3<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ne conect\u0103m la <strong>KVM_NODE<\/strong> \u0219i pornim <strong>VM<\/strong>, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 func\u021bioneze \u0219i s\u0103 fie accesibil prin re\u021bea.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Acum totul este gata pentru migrare. S\u0103 \u00eencepem!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pasul 4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>R\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd \u00eenc\u0103 sub chroot, execut\u0103m<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">rsync --exclude-from=\"\/root\/exclude.txt\" --numeric-ids -avpogtStlHz --progress -e \"ssh -T -o Compression=no -x\" \/ root@KVM_NODE:\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Comanda rsync va executa migrarea; sper\u0103m c\u0103 cheile sunt clare \u2014 migrarea se face p\u0103str\u00e2nd linkurile simbolice, permisiunile, proprietarii \u0219i grupurile, iar criptarea este dezactivat\u0103 pentru o vitez\u0103 mai mare (se putea folosi un cipher mai rapid, dar nu este at\u00e2t de important \u00een cadrul acestei sarcini), de asemenea, este dezactivat\u0103 compresia.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 ce rsync a terminat, ie\u0219im din chroot (prin ap\u0103sarea ctrl+d) \u0219i execut\u0103m<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">umount dev &amp;&amp; umount proc &amp;&amp; umount sys &amp;&amp; cd .. &amp;&amp; vzctl umount CTID<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pasul 5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vom efectua c\u00e2teva ac\u021biuni care ne vor ajuta s\u0103 pornim VM-ul dup\u0103 migrarea de la OpenVZ.<br \/>\nPe serverele cu <strong>Systemd<\/strong> vom executa comanda care ne va ajuta s\u0103 ne conect\u0103m \u00een consola normal\u0103, de exemplu, prin ecranul VNC al serverului<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">mv \/etc\/systemd\/system\/getty.target.wants\/getty@tty2.service \/etc\/systemd\/system\/getty.target.wants\/getty@tty1.service<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pe serverele <strong>CentOS 6<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>CentOS 7<\/strong> vom instala neap\u0103rat un kernel proasp\u0103t:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">yum install kernel-$(uname -r)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Serverul poate fi \u00eenc\u0103rcat de pe acesta, dar dup\u0103 transfer, acesta poate \u00eenceta s\u0103 func\u021bioneze sau poate fi \u0219ters.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pe server <strong>CentOS 7<\/strong> este necesar s\u0103 aplic\u0103m o mic\u0103 corec\u021bie pentru PolkitD, altfel serverul va c\u0103dea \u00eentr-o bucl\u0103 infinit\u0103 de boot:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">getent group polkitd &gt;\/dev\/null &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;32mGrupul polkitd exist\u0103 dejae[0m\" || { groupadd -r polkitd &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;33mGrupul polkitd lips\u0103 a fost ad\u0103ugat e[0m\" || echo -e \"e[1;31mAd\u0103ugarea grupului polkitd a e\u0219uat e[0m\"; }\n\ngetent passwd polkitd &gt;\/dev\/null \n&amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;32mUtilizatorul polkitd exist\u0103 dejae[0m\" || { useradd -r -g polkitd -d \/ -s \/sbin\/nologin -c \"Utilizator pentru polkitd\" polkitd &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;33mUtilizatorul polkitd lips\u0103 a fost ad\u0103ugat e[0m\" || echo -e \"e[1;31mAd\u0103ugarea utilizatorului polkitd a e\u0219uat e[0m\"; }\n\nrpm -Va polkit* &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;32mVerificarea rpm pentru polkit* a avut succes e[0m\" || { echo -e \"e[1;33mResetarea drepturilor de utilizator\/grup \u0219i a permisiunilor pentru polkit* e[0m\"; rpm --setugids polkit polkit-pkla-compat; rpm --setperms polkit polkit-pkla-compat; }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pe toate serverele, dac\u0103 a fost instalat mod_fcgid pentru Apache, vom aplica o mic\u0103 corec\u021bie cu permisiunile, altfel site-urile care utilizeaz\u0103 mod_fcgid vor c\u0103dea cu o eroare 500:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">chmod +s `which suexec` &amp;&amp; apachectl restart<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0218i \u00een final, va fi util pentru distribu\u021biile Ubuntu \u0219i Debian. Aceast\u0103 OS poate c\u0103dea \u00eentr-o bucl\u0103 infinit\u0103 cu eroarea<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>looping too fast. throttling execution a little<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>nepl\u0103cut, dar se rezolv\u0103 u\u0219or, \u00een func\u021bie de versiunea OS-ului.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pe <strong>Debian 9<\/strong> corec\u021bia arat\u0103 astfel:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>execut\u0103m<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">dbus-uuidgen<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>dac\u0103 primim o eroare<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\/usr\/local\/lib\/libdbus-1.so.3: version `LIBDBUS_PRIVATE_1.10.8\u2032 not found<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>verific\u0103m existen\u021ba LIBDBUS <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">ls -la \/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu | grep dbus\nlibdbus-1.so.3 -&gt; libdbus-1.so.3.14.15 \nlibdbus-1.so.3.14.15 &lt;== acesta este necesar\nlibdbus-1.so.3.14.16<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>dac\u0103 totul este \u00een regul\u0103, execut\u0103m<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">cd \/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu\nrm -rf libdbus-1.so.3\nln -s libdbus-1.so.3.14.15 libdbus-1.so.3<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 nu ajut\u0103 \u2014 \u00eencerc\u0103m a doua variant\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A doua variant\u0103 pentru solu\u021bionarea problemei cu <strong>throttling execution a little<\/strong> se potrive\u0219te practic pentru toate distribu\u021biile Ubuntu \u0219i Debian.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Execut\u0103m<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">bash -x \/var\/lib\/dpkg\/info\/dbus.postinst configure<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Iar pentru <strong>Ubuntu 14<\/strong>, <strong>Debian 7<\/strong> execut\u0103m suplimentar:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">adduser --system --home \/nonexistent --no-create-home --disabled-password --group messagebus\n\nrm -rf \/etc\/init.d\/modules_dep.sh <\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ce am f\u0103cut? Am restaurat messagebus, care lipsea pentru a porni Debian\/Ubuntu \u0219i am eliminat modules_dep, care provenea de la OpenVZ \u0219i \u00eempiedica \u00eenc\u0103rcarea multor module ale nucleului.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pasul 6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Reboot\u0103m VM-ul, verific\u0103m \u00een VNC cum decurge \u00eenc\u0103rcarea \u0219i \u00een ideal \u2014 totul se va \u00eenc\u0103rca f\u0103r\u0103 probleme. De\u0219i, este posibil s\u0103 apar\u0103 unele probleme specifice dup\u0103 migrare \u2014 dar acestea dep\u0103\u0219esc cadrul acestui articol \u0219i se rezolv\u0103 pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce apar.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Sper c\u0103 aceste informa\u021bii vor fi utile! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/502132\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 OpenVZ \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 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