{"id":83100,"date":"2020-05-28T13:42:10","date_gmt":"2020-05-28T11:42:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/bekap-hranilishhe-dlya-tysyach-virtualnyh-mashin-svobodnymi-instrumentami"},"modified":"2020-05-28T13:42:10","modified_gmt":"2020-05-28T11:42:10","slug":"bekap-hranilishhe-dlya-tysyach-virtualnyh-mashin-svobodnymi-instrumentami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/bekap-hranilishhe-dlya-tysyach-virtualnyh-mashin-svobodnymi-instrumentami","title":{"rendered":"Stoc de backup pentru mii de ma\u0219ini virtuale cu instrumente gratuite","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stoc de backup pentru mii de ma\u0219ini virtuale cu instrumente gratuite\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/e1be85f9fdec702ce8db043ac72dd507.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Bun\u0103, recent am avut o sarcin\u0103 interesant\u0103 de a configura un stocare pentru backup-ul unui num\u0103r mare de dispozitive bloc.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen fiecare s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 efectu\u0103m backup pentru toate ma\u0219inile virtuale din cloudul nostru, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tim s\u0103 gestion\u0103m mii de copii de rezerv\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 facem acest lucru c\u00e2t mai rapid \u0219i eficient posibil.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Din p\u0103cate, configura\u021biile standard <strong>RAID5<\/strong>, <strong>RAID6<\/strong> \u00een acest caz nu ne vor ajuta din cauza faptului c\u0103 procesul de restaurare pe astfel de discuri mari ca ale noastre va fi extrem de lent \u0219i probabil c\u0103 nu se va termina niciodat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 examin\u0103m ce alternative exist\u0103:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.min.io\/docs\/minio-erasure-code-quickstart-guide.html\">Erasure Coding<\/a><\/noindex><\/strong> \u2014 Analog cu RAID5, RAID6, dar cu un nivel de paritate configurabil. \u00cen acest timp, rezervarea se face nu pe blocuri, ci pentru fiecare obiect \u00een parte. Cel mai simplu mod de a \u00eencerca erasure coding este s\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219ori <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/min.io\/\">minio<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/openzfs.github.io\/openzfs-docs\/Basic%20Concepts\/dRAID%20Howto.html?highlight=draid\">DRAID<\/a><\/noindex><\/strong> \u2014 aceasta este \u00een prezent o caracteristic\u0103 care nu a fost \u00eenc\u0103 lansat\u0103 de ZFS. Spre deosebire de RAIDZ, DRAID are un bloc de paritate distribuit \u0219i la restaurare implic\u0103 toate discurile din array, ceea ce \u00eel face s\u0103 reziste mai bine la defec\u021biuni \u0219i s\u0103 se restaureze mai repede dup\u0103 o eroare. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stoc de backup pentru mii de ma\u0219ini virtuale cu instrumente gratuite\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/aa867bbd4f52501c8708636d2cd1fb27.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stoc de backup pentru mii de ma\u0219ini virtuale cu instrumente gratuite\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/47b0a233d5db5b66472e17fb5a822fad.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Avem la dispozi\u021bie un server <strong>Fujitsu Primergy RX300 S7<\/strong> cu procesorul <strong>Intel Xeon CPU E5-2650L 0 @ 1.80GHz<\/strong>, nou\u0103 module de memorie RAM <strong>Samsung DDR3-1333 8Gb PC3L-10600R ECC Registered (M393B1K70DH0-YH9)<\/strong>, o unitate de disc <strong>Supermicro SuperChassis 847E26-RJBOD1<\/strong>, conectat\u0103 prin <strong>Dual LSI SAS2X36 Expander<\/strong> \u0219i 45 de discuri <strong>Seagate ST6000NM0115-1YZ110<\/strong> pe <strong>6TB<\/strong> fiecare.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cenainte de a lua o decizie, trebuie mai \u00eent\u00e2i s\u0103 test\u0103m corespunz\u0103tor totul.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pentru aceasta m-am preg\u0103tit \u0219i am efectuat teste asupra diferitelor configura\u021bii. Am folosit minio, care a func\u021bionat ca backend S3, \u0219i l-am rulat \u00een diferite moduri cu diferite num\u0103r de targeturi.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen principal, s-a testat cazul minio \u00een erasure coding fa\u021b\u0103 de software raid cu acela\u0219i num\u0103r de discuri \u0219i discuri de paritate, adic\u0103: RAID6, RAIDZ2 \u0219i DRAID2.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Pentru referin\u021b\u0103: atunci c\u00e2nd rulezi minio cu un singur target, minio func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een modul S3-gateway, oferind sistemul t\u0103u local de fi\u0219iere ca un stocare S3. \u00cen schimb, dac\u0103 rulezi minio specific\u00e2nd mai multe targeturi, se va activa automat modul Erasure Coding, care va dispersa datele \u00eentre targeturile tale oferind rezisten\u021b\u0103 la defecte.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen mod implicit, minio \u00eemparte destina\u021biile \u00een grupuri de c\u00e2te 16 discuri, unde fiecare grup are c\u00e2te 2 paritate. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 pot ie\u0219i din func\u021biune simultan dou\u0103 discuri f\u0103r\u0103 pierderi de date.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Pentru testarea performan\u021bei, am folosit 16 discuri de c\u00e2te 6TB fiecare \u0219i am scris pe ele obiecte mici de 1MB, ceea ce descria cel mai precis \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura noastr\u0103 viitoare, deoarece toate instrumentele moderne de backup \u00ee\u0219i \u00eempart datele \u00een blocuri de c\u00e2\u021biva megaba\u021bi \u0219i le scriu \u00een acest mod.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pentru realizarea benchmark-ului, am folosit utilitarul s3bench, rulat pe un server de la distan\u021b\u0103, care trimitea \u00een minio zeci de mii de asemenea obiecte \u00een sute de fire. Dup\u0103 aceea, am \u00eencercat s\u0103 le solicit \u00eenapoi \u00een acela\u0219i mod.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Rezultatele benchmark-ului sunt prezentate \u00een tabelul urm\u0103tor:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stoc de backup pentru mii de ma\u0219ini virtuale cu instrumente gratuite\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/218a14dcd9311e4b350a3b7aafbd290c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A\u0219a cum vedem, minio \u00een modul s\u0103u de erasure coding func\u021bioneaz\u0103 semnificativ mai slab la scriere dec\u00e2t minio care ruleaz\u0103 pe un RAID6 software, RAIDZ2 \u0219i DRAID2 \u00een aceea\u0219i configura\u021bie.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Separat, am <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/sds_ru\/15987\">fost rugat<\/a><\/noindex> s\u0103 testez minio pe ext4 vs XFS. Ciudat, dar pentru tipul meu de \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103, XFS s-a dovedit a fi semnificativ mai lent dec\u00e2t ext4.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen prima serie de teste, Mdadm a ar\u0103tat superioritate fa\u021b\u0103 de ZFS, dar mai t\u00e2rziu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/gmelikov\/\" class=\"user_link\">gmelikov<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/sds_ru\/15724\">a sugerat<\/a><\/noindex>, c\u0103 pot \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi performan\u021ba ZFS set\u00e2nd urm\u0103toarele op\u021biuni:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">xattr=sa atime=off recordsize=1M<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0219i dup\u0103 aceea, testele cu ZFS au devenit mult mai bune.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, se poate observa c\u0103 DRAID nu ofer\u0103 un c\u00e2\u0219tig semnificativ \u00een performan\u021b\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de RAIDZ, dar teoretic ar trebui s\u0103 fie mult mai sigur.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen ultimele dou\u0103 teste, am \u00eencercat, de asemenea, s\u0103 mut metadatele (special) \u0219i ZIL (log) pe un mirror din SSD-uri. \u00cens\u0103 mutarea metadatelor nu a adus un c\u00e2\u0219tig semnificativ \u00een viteza de scriere, iar \u00een cazul mut\u0103rii ZIL, SSD-urile mele <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.memory4less.com\/intel-ssd-ssdsc2ki128g8\">SSDSC2KI128G8<\/a><\/noindex> s-au blocat la 100% utilizare, a\u0219a c\u0103 consider c\u0103 acest test a fost e\u0219uat. Nu exclud c\u0103, dac\u0103 a\u0219 fi avut SSD-uri mai rapide, rezultatele mele s-ar fi \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit semnificativ, dar, din p\u0103cate, nu le-am avut.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen concluzie, am decis s\u0103 continui folosind DRAID \u0219i, \u00een ciuda statutului s\u0103u beta, este cea mai rapid\u0103 \u0219i eficient\u0103 solu\u021bie de stocare \u00een cazul nostru.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Am creat un DRAID2 simplu \u00een configura\u021bia cu trei grupuri \u0219i dou\u0103 spare distribuite:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># zpool status data\n  pool: data\n state: ONLINE\n  scan: none requested\nconfig:\n\n    NAME                 STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM\n    data                 ONLINE       0     0     0\n      draid2:3g:2s-0     ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdy              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdam             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdf              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdau             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdab             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdo              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdw              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdak             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdd              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdas             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdm              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdu              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdai             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdaq             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdk              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sds              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdag             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdi              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdq              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdae             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdz              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdan             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdg              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdac             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdx              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdal             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sde              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdat             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdaa             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdn              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdv              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdaj             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdc              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdar             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdl              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdt              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdah             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdap             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdj              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdr              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdaf             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdao             ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdh              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdp              ONLINE       0     0     0\n        sdad             ONLINE       0     0     0\n    spares\n      s0-draid2:3g:2s-0  AVAIL   \n      s1-draid2:3g:2s-0  AVAIL   \n\nerrors: No known data errors<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bine, am clarificat cu stocarea, acum s\u0103 vorbim despre ce vom folosi pentru backup. Aici vreau s\u0103 vorbesc despre trei solu\u021bii pe care am reu\u0219it s\u0103 le testez, \u0219i anume:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/benji-backup.me\">Benji Backup<\/a><\/noindex><\/strong> \u2014 fork <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/backy2.com\/\">Backy2<\/a><\/noindex>, solu\u021bie specializat\u0103 pentru backup-ul dispozitivelor bloc, are o integrare str\u00e2ns\u0103 cu Ceph. Poate extrage diferen\u021bele \u00eentre snapshot-uri \u0219i poate genera backup-uri incrementale din acestea. Suport\u0103 un num\u0103r mare de backend-uri de stocare, inclusiv at\u00e2t local, c\u00e2t \u0219i S3. Necesit\u0103 o baz\u0103 de date separat\u0103 pentru stocarea tabelului de hash al deduplic\u0103rii. Printre dezavantaje: este scris \u00een Python, are un cli pu\u021bin necorespunz\u0103tor.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/borgbackup.readthedocs.io\/en\/stable\/\">Borg Backup<\/a><\/noindex><\/strong> \u2014 fork <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/attic-backup.org\/\">Attic<\/a><\/noindex>, un instrument cunoscut \u0219i testat pentru backup, este capabil s\u0103 fac\u0103 backup datelor \u0219i le dedupliceaz\u0103 eficient. Poate salva backupuri at\u00e2t local, c\u00e2t \u0219i pe un server la distan\u021b\u0103 prin scp. Poate face backup la dispozitive bloc dac\u0103 este rulat cu flag-ul <code>--special<\/code>, printre dezavantaje: la crearea unui backup, repository-ul este complet blocat, a\u0219a c\u0103 pentru fiecare ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103 se recomand\u0103 crearea unui repository separat, ceea ce nu este o problem\u0103, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 se creeaz\u0103 foarte u\u0219or.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/restic.net\/\">Restic<\/a><\/noindex><\/strong> \u2014 un proiect \u00een dezvoltare activ\u0103, scris \u00een go, suficient de rapid \u0219i care suport\u0103 un num\u0103r mare de backend-uri pentru stocare, printre care se num\u0103r\u0103 at\u00e2t stocarea local\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i scp, S3 \u0219i multe altele. Merit\u0103 men\u021bionat faptul c\u0103 exist\u0103 un <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/restic\/rest-server\">rest-server<\/a><\/noindex> creat special pentru restic, care permite exportarea celui mai rapid al storage-ului pentru utilizare la distan\u021b\u0103. Dintre toate cele men\u021bionate mai sus, acesta mi-a pl\u0103cut cel mai mult. Poate face backup din stdin. Nu are dezavantaje notabile, dar exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva particularit\u0103\u021bi:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, am \u00eencercat s\u0103-l folosesc \u00een modul repository comun pentru toate ma\u0219inile virtuale (ca Benji) \u0219i a func\u021bionat destul de bine, dar opera\u021biile de restaurare au durat destul de mult timp, deoarece de fiecare dat\u0103 \u00eenainte de restaurare, restic \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 citeasc\u0103 metadatele tuturor backup-urilor. Aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 a fost rezolvat\u0103, la fel ca \u0219i cu borg, prin crearea unui repository separat pentru fiecare ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103. Aceast\u0103 abordare s-a dovedit a fi foarte eficient\u0103 \u0219i pentru gestionarea backup-urilor. Repository-urile separate pot avea o parol\u0103 distinct\u0103 pentru accesul la date, iar noi nu trebuie s\u0103 ne temem c\u0103 repository-ul global s-ar putea strica. Crearea de noi repository-uri se poate face la fel de simplu ca \u00een borg backup.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen orice caz, deduplicarea se realizeaz\u0103 doar \u00een raport cu versiunea anterioar\u0103 a backup-ului, iar backup-ul anterior este determinat de calea pentru backup-ul specificat, a\u0219a c\u0103, dac\u0103 face\u021bi backup la diferite obiecte din stdin \u00eentr-un depozit comun, nu uita\u021bi s\u0103 specifica\u021bi op\u021biunea <code>--stdin-filename<\/code>, sau s\u0103 specifica\u021bi explicit op\u021biunea de fiecare dat\u0103 <code>--parent<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, restaurarea \u00een stdout dureaz\u0103 semnificativ mai mult dec\u00e2t restaurarea pe sistemul de fi\u0219iere, din cauza paralelismului s\u0103u. \u00cen viitor, se preconizeaz\u0103 ad\u0103ugarea unei suport mai str\u00e2ns pentru backup-urile de dispozitive bloc.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u00cen al treilea r\u00e2nd, \u00een prezent se recomand\u0103 utilizarea <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.restic.net\/?sort=time&amp;order=desc\">versiunii din master<\/a><\/noindex>, deoarece versiunea 0.9.6 are un bug cu restaurarea lent\u0103 a fi\u0219ierelor mari.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pentru a testa eficien\u021ba backup-ului \u0219i viteza de scriere\/restaurare din backup, am creat un depozit separat \u0219i am \u00eencercat s\u0103 fac backup la o imagine mic\u0103 a unei ma\u0219ini virtuale (21 GB). Au fost efectuate dou\u0103 backup-uri f\u0103r\u0103 a modifica originalul, folosind fiecare dintre solu\u021biile enumerate, pentru a verifica c\u00e2t de repede\/lent sunt copiate datele deduplicate.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stoc de backup pentru mii de ma\u0219ini virtuale cu instrumente gratuite\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/acab0d9f0d535e29ff272fef4e92de0f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A\u0219a cum putem observa, Borg Backup are cel mai bun coeficient de eficien\u021b\u0103 al backup-ului ini\u021bial, dar pierde la viteza at\u00e2t de scriere, c\u00e2t \u0219i de restaurare.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Restic s-a dovedit a fi mai rapid dec\u00e2t Benji Backup, dar restaureaz\u0103 mai lent \u00een stdout, iar scrierea direct \u00een dispozitivele bloc nu este, din p\u0103cate, \u00eenc\u0103 posibil\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2nt\u0103rind toate aspectele, am decis s\u0103 m\u0103 opresc pe <strong>restic<\/strong> de <strong>rest-server<\/strong> ca fiind solu\u021bia cea mai convenabil\u0103 \u0219i promi\u021b\u0103toare pentru backup.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/asciinema.org\/a\/333393\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stoc de backup pentru mii de ma\u0219ini virtuale cu instrumente gratuite\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/cb174ab1522f529dea0712b64c0ac923.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest screencast, pute\u021bi vedea cum canalul de 10 gigabi\u021bi este complet utilizat \u00een timpul mai multor opera\u021bii de backup care ruleaz\u0103 simultan. Merit\u0103 men\u021bionat c\u0103 utilizarea discurilor nu dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te 30%.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Sunt mai mult dec\u00e2t mul\u021bumit de solu\u021bia ob\u021binut\u0103!<\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/504152\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043c\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0438 \u044d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e. \u041a \u0441\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 RAID5, RAID6 \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":83101,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-83100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - 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