{"id":84590,"date":"2020-06-09T01:42:40","date_gmt":"2020-06-08T23:42:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/samoe-glavnoe-v-wi-fi-6-net-seryozno"},"modified":"2020-06-09T01:42:40","modified_gmt":"2020-06-08T23:42:40","slug":"samoe-glavnoe-v-wi-fi-6-net-seryozno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/samoe-glavnoe-v-wi-fi-6-net-seryozno","title":{"rendered":"Cea mai important\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 a Wi-Fi 6. Serios.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Salut.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 credem \u00een teoria simplit\u0103\u021bii lui Einstein, principalul indicator al \u00een\u021belegerii unui subiect este capacitatea de a-l explica c\u00e2t mai simplu. A\u0219adar, \u00een aceast\u0103 postare, voi \u00eencerca s\u0103 explic c\u00e2t mai simplu \u0219i detaliat func\u021bionarea unei singure p\u0103r\u021bi din noul standard, care dintr-un motiv oarecare chiar \u0219i Wi-Fi Alliance consider\u0103 c\u0103 nu merit\u0103 men\u021bionat\u0103 \u00een infografia despre noile posibilit\u0103\u021bi ale Wi-Fi 6. Cu toate acestea, a\u0219a cum vom constata \u00eempreun\u0103 \u00een cur\u00e2nd, aceasta este foarte important\u0103 \u0219i remarcabil\u0103. Nu totul este suficient de profund \u0219i, cu siguran\u021b\u0103, nu este cuprinz\u0103tor (deoarece este dificil s\u0103 m\u0103n\u00e2nci un astfel de elefant chiar \u0219i pe buc\u0103\u021bi), dar sper c\u0103 din cuvintele mele vom \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba ceva nou \u0219i interesant pentru fiecare dintre noi.<\/p>\n

Acest 802.11ax pe care \u00eel a\u0219tept\u0103m de zile \u00een \u0219ir, deja de cel pu\u021bin doi ani, aduce cu sine o mul\u021bime de nout\u0103\u021bi \u0219i surprize. Fiecare dintre cei care vor s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103 despre el se confrunt\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna cu o alegere: fie s\u0103 fac\u0103 o prezentare general\u0103, men\u021bion\u00e2nd o mul\u021bime de acronime \u0219i abrevieri, \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 nu se \u00eempotmoleasc\u0103 \u00een mecanismele complicate ale fiec\u0103ruia dintre ele, fie s\u0103 ofere un raport detaliat despre ceva anume, cel mai pl\u0103cut autorului. Voi risca s\u0103 merg \u0219i mai departe: o mare parte din noti\u021bele mele nu va fi chiar despre nou!
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nDeci, de peste dou\u0103zeci de ani, o parte din re\u021belele wireless de transfer de date sunt construite pe baza mul\u021bimii de standarde din familia 802.11, \u0219i, ca orice prezentator respectabil, ar trebui s\u0103 reconstituiesc pu\u021bin cronologia \u00eentregii serii de evenimente care a adus lumii miliarde de dispozitive compatibile \u00eentre ele. Cu toate acestea, ca autor care respect\u0103 cititorul, voi risca totu\u0219i s\u0103 nu fac asta. Cu toate acestea, ar trebui s\u0103 ne reamintim c\u00e2teva lucruri. <\/p>\n

Toate itera\u021biile Wi-Fi au pus accent pe fiabilitate, dar nu pe maximizarea capacit\u0103\u021bii de transmisie. Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 mecanismului de acces la mediu (CSMA\/CA), nu cel mai optim din punct de vedere al extragerii celor mai recente kilobit pe secund\u0103 din mediu (detalii despre imperfec\u021biunile lumii \u00een general \u0219i a Wi-Fi-ului \u00een special pot fi citite \u00een articolul fostului meu coleg. skhomm<\/a><\/noindex> aici<\/a><\/noindex>), dar incredibil de rezistent \u00een practic orice condi\u021bii. De fapt, se pot \u00eenc\u0103lca practic toate principiile proiect\u0103rii re\u021belelor Wi-Fi \u2014 \u0219i \u00eentr-o astfel de re\u021bea tot va avea loc transferul de date! Mecanismul prin care clien\u021bii re\u021belei Wi-Fi au posibilitatea de a transmite \u0219i\/sau de a primi por\u021biile lor de date este concentrat pe ceea ce \u00een limba englez\u0103 se nume\u0219te cu un termen greu de tradus, robustness. \u00centreaga structur\u0103 acoperit\u0103 de suplimentele de modula\u021bie, agregarea cadrelor de date (nu exact a\u0219a, dar s\u0103 fie!) continu\u0103 s\u0103 func\u021bioneze \u0219i dup\u0103 cele dou\u0103 principii de baz\u0103 802.11, care asigur\u0103 aceast\u0103 fiabilitate incomparabil\u0103:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u201cC\u00e2t timp vorbe\u0219te unul \u2014 ceilal\u021bi tac\u201d;<\/li>\n
  2. \u201cTot ce nu e date, se spune \u00eencet \u0219i clar\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nAl doilea punct cauzeaz\u0103 o daune mult mai mari l\u0103\u021bimii de band\u0103 a re\u021belei dec\u00e2t s-ar putea p\u0103rea la prima vedere. Iat\u0103 o imagine interesant\u0103 care ilustreaz\u0103 un pachet de date trimis prin re\u021beaua Wi-Fi:<\/p>\n

    \"Cea
    \n
    \nHai s\u0103 vedem ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 aceasta pentru oamenii obi\u0219nui\u021bi, care nu \u0219tiu c\u00e2te pagini con\u021bine standardul 802.11-2016. Viteza de transfer a datelor pe care sistemul o scrie \u00een propriet\u0103\u021bile re\u021belei wireless \u0219i pe care marketerii oric\u0103rui produc\u0103tor o ilustreaz\u0103 pe cutiile punctelor de acces (ei bine, cu siguran\u021b\u0103 a\u021bi v\u0103zut \u2014 1,7 Gb\/s! 2,4 Gb\/s! 9000 Gb\/s!), nu este doar v\u00e2rful \u0219i maximul \u00een condi\u021biile unei utiliz\u0103ri de 100% a timpului de transfer, ci este \u0219i viteza la care va fi trimis\u0103 doar partea albastr\u0103 din acest grafic frumos. Tot ce r\u0103m\u00e2ne va fi transmis la o vitez\u0103, care \u00een englez\u0103 se nume\u0219te management rate (\u0219i \u00een rus\u0103 la fel, deoarece traducerea unor astfel de expresii risc\u0103 s\u0103 duc\u0103 la o ne\u00een\u021belegere ulterioar\u0103 \u00eentre ingineri), \u0219i care este mai mic\u0103 nu doar de c\u00e2teva ori, ci de SUTE<\/b> de ori. De exemplu, f\u0103r\u0103 niciun fel de set\u0103ri suplimentare, o re\u021bea pe 802.11ac, care poate func\u021biona cu clien\u021bii la o vitez\u0103 de canal de 1300 Mb\/s, transmite toat\u0103 informa\u021bia de serviciu (tot ce nu e albastru \u00een graficul nostru din ce \u00een ce mai \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103tor) la management rate de 6 Mb\/s. De mai mult de dou\u0103 sute de ori mai lent! <\/p>\n

    \u00centrebare logic\u0103 \u2013 din ce dat\u0103, scuzati-m\u0103, a avut o astfel de idee d\u0103un\u0103toare posibila s\u0103 ajung\u0103 \u00een standardul pe care milioane de dispozitive din \u00eentreaga lume \u00eel folosesc? R\u0103spunsul logic \u2013 compatibilitate, compatibilitate, compatibilitate! Re\u021beaua la cel mai nou punct de acces trebuie s\u0103 asigure func\u021bionarea dispozitivelor care au p\u00e2n\u0103 la zece sau chiar cincisprezece ani, iar exact \u00een aceste \u201ebuc\u0103\u021bi non-albastre\u201d circul\u0103 informa\u021bia pe care dispozitivele mai vechi o vor auzi, o vor \u00een\u021belege corect \u0219i nu vor \u00eencerca s\u0103 transmit\u0103 datele lor \u00een timpul tran\u0219elor de date ultra-rapide. Robustez\u0103 necesit\u0103 sacrificii!<\/p>\n

    Acum sunt preg\u0103tit s\u0103 ofer oricui interesat un instrument indispensabil pentru a fi \u0219ocat de megabi\u021bii transmi\u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 sens \u00een Wi-Fi-ul modern \u2013 acesta a devenit deja esen\u021bial de studiat \u00een cercurile inginere\u0219ti implicate. Calculatorul de timp WiFi AirTime<\/b> scris de entuziastul norvegian al standardului 802.11, Gjermund Raaen. Acesta este disponibil la acest link<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 rezultatul muncii sale arat\u0103 cam a\u0219a:<\/p>\n

    \"Cea
    \n
    \nLinia 1 \u2013 timpul necesar pentru a transmite un pachet de date de 1512 octe\u021bi utiliz\u00e2nd un dispozitiv 802.11n pe o l\u0103\u021bime de band\u0103 de 20 MHz.<\/p>\n

    Linia 2 \u2013 timpul necesar pentru a transmite acela\u0219i pachet utiliz\u00e2nd un dispozitiv cu aceea\u0219i formul\u0103 de anten\u0103, dar care opereaz\u0103 conform standardului 802.11ac pe o l\u0103\u021bime de band\u0103 de 80 MHz.<\/p>\n

    Cum se face asta \u2013 \u201ea fost afectat\u0103\u201d de patru ori mai mult spectrul, modularea maxim\u0103 s-a complicat de la 64QAM la 256QAM, iar viteza canalului este mai mare cu \u0218ASE<\/b> ori (433 Mb\/s \u00een loc de 72 Mb\/s), iar c\u00e2\u0219tigurile nu dep\u0103\u0219esc 25% din timpul ocupat al spectrului? <\/p>\n

    Compatibilitate \u0219i cele dou\u0103 principii 802.11, aminti\u021bi-v\u0103?<\/p>\n

    Bine, cum putem s\u0103 corect\u0103m aceast\u0103 nedreptate \u0219i risip\u0103 \u2013 ne vom \u00eentreba, a\u0219a cum s-au \u00eentrebat probabil toate grupurile de lucru IEEE atunci c\u00e2nd au \u00eenceput s\u0103 dezvolte standardul? Ne vin \u00een minte c\u00e2teva c\u0103i logice:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Accelerarea transmisiei datelor \u00een \u201ebucata verde\u201d a graficului.<\/i><\/b> Acest lucru se face la fiecare ie\u0219ire a unui standard, deoarece numerele mari arat\u0103 frumos pe ambalaje. \u00cen practic\u0103, a\u0219a cum am observat, aduce un c\u00e2\u0219tig final \u2013 chiar dac\u0103 vom accelera viteza canalului la sute de miliarde de gigabi\u021bi pe nanosecund\u0103, celelalte p\u0103r\u021bi ale graficului nu vor disp\u0103rea. De aceea, recomand \u00een toate pove\u0219tile despre toate noile standarde 802.11 s\u0103 omitem paragrafele \u00een care sunt men\u021bionate megabi\u021bii pe secund\u0103.<\/li>\n
    2. Accelerarea tuturor celorlalte p\u0103r\u021bi ale graficului.<\/i><\/b> De fapt, dac\u0103 cel pu\u021bin ne dubl\u0103m viteza cu care se transmite tot ce este 'non-verde' (sau 'non-albastru', dac\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 te ui\u021bi la imaginea anterioar\u0103), vom ob\u021bine cu pu\u021bin mai pu\u021bin de 50% cre\u0219tere efectiv\u0103 a l\u0103\u021bimii de band\u0103 reale \u2014 adev\u0103rat, dar cu pierderi de compatibilitate cu dispozitivele \u0219i cu o serie de nuan\u021be despre care vei afla atunci c\u00e2nd te preg\u0103te\u0219ti pentru examenul pentru m\u00e2ndrul titlu de CWNA \ud83d\ude42 Spoiler: nu \u00eentotdeauna va reu\u0219i, este bine s\u0103 reflectezi serios \u0219i s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegi la ce va conduce. De fapt, aceasta \u00eencalc\u0103 unul dintre cele dou\u0103 principii 802.11, a\u0219a c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 fii foarte atent!<\/li>\n
    3. \u00cembinarea mai multor cadre de acest fel cu p\u0103r\u021bi verzi \u00eempreun\u0103.<\/i><\/b> Cu c\u00e2t partea verde este mai lung\u0103, cu at\u00e2t mai eficient func\u021bioneaz\u0103 cre\u0219terea vitezei canalului. Da, este o strategie func\u021bional\u0103, ap\u0103rut\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een 802.11n \u0219i fiind unul dintre pilonii revolu\u021biei sale. Problema este c\u0103, pe de o parte, o serie de aplica\u021bii nu-i pas\u0103 de o astfel de agregare (de exemplu, notorietatea Voice over Wi-Fi), iar pe de alt\u0103 parte, multe dispozitive, de asemenea, ignor\u0103 acest lucru (odat\u0103 am decis s\u0103 prind c\u00e2teva cadre agregate pe o re\u021bea real\u0103 a companiei \u00een care lucrez, dar din >500k de cadre \u201ecapturate\u201d, exact zero au fost agregate. Cel mai probabil, problema este \u00een metodologia mea de colectare a datelor, dar sunt dispus s\u0103 discut despre aceasta cu oricine este interesat \u00eentr-o discu\u021bie privat\u0103!). <\/li>\n
    4. \u00cenc\u0103lcarea primului din cele dou\u0103 principii 802.11, \u00eencep\u00e2nd s\u0103 vorbe\u0219ti c\u00e2nd vorbe\u0219te \u0219i altcineva.<\/i><\/b> \u0218i aici, de fapt, intervine 802.11ax.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \nE at\u00e2t de bine s\u0103 ajung \u00een sf\u00e2r\u0219it \u00een povestea mea despre Wi-Fi 6 la adev\u0103ratul Wi-Fi 6! Dac\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 cite\u0219ti asta, atunci fie e\u0219ti obligat s\u0103 o faci dintr-un anumit motiv, fie e\u0219ti cu adev\u0103rat interesat. A\u0219adar, de\u0219i 802.11ax mo\u0219tene\u0219te o mare parte din munca anterioar\u0103 a \u00eentregii familii 802.11 (\u0219i nu doar, de fapt \u2014 c\u00e2teva lucruri interesante au ap\u0103rut chiar \u00een 802.16, cunoscut \u0219i sub numele de WiMAX), totu\u0219i, exist\u0103 lucruri \u00een el care sunt proaspete \u0219i originale. De obicei, pe aceste cuvinte se lipe\u0219te o imagine de acest fel, disponibil\u0103 pe site-ul Wi-Fi Alliance:<\/p>\n

      \"Cea
      \n
      \nA\u0219a cum am men\u021bionat de la \u00eenceput, \u00een cadrul unui articol u\u0219or de citit, putem examina doar unul dintre aceste puncte cheie, mai exact, niciunul dintre cele prezentate \u00een imagine (surpriz\u0103!). Sunt sigur c\u0103 a\u021bi citit deja milioane de descrieri superficiale ale fiec\u0103rui dintre cele opt elemente cheie, eu voi continua povestea mea lung\u0103 despre ceea ce deriv\u0103 din OFDMA \u2013 despre controlul de acces multiplu la mediu (MU-access control), care, dup\u0103 cum vedem, nu a fost inclus \u00een infografie. \u0218i este un lucru complet regretabil!<\/p>\n

      Accesul multiplu este ceea ce face posibil\u0103 divizarea canalului \u00een subporti. De ce s\u0103 \u00eencerc\u0103m s\u0103 analiz\u0103m diferite por\u021biuni ale spectrului, dac\u0103 nu exist\u0103 un mecanism capabil s\u0103 for\u021beze clien\u021bii noului re\u021bea Wi-Fi 6 s\u0103 \u00eencalce una dintre regulile neschimbate \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 s\u0103 comunice simultan? \u0218i, desigur, un astfel de mecanism trebuia s\u0103 apar\u0103 \u2013 \u0219i s\u0103 reduc\u0103 impactul problemei \u201e\u00eent\u00e2rziate\u201d \u00een compara\u021bie cu datele informa\u021biilor de control. Cum? Foarte simplu: partea \u201e\u00eencet\u201d a informa\u021biei control se transmite la fel ca \u00eenainte, iar partea \u201erapid\u0103\u201d, \u00een care circul\u0103 datele, va fi trimis\u0103 simultan de la mai multe (sau de la mai multe) dispozitive la comand\u0103! Arat\u0103 cam a\u0219a:<\/p>\n

      \"Cea
      \n
      \nPare complicat, dar \u00een esen\u021b\u0103 este destul de u\u0219or de explicat: punctul de acces, prin intermediul unui cadru special, \u00een\u021beles de toate (chiar \u0219i de dispozitivele care nu sunt Wi-Fi 6!) comunic\u0103 c\u0103 este preg\u0103tit s\u0103 transmit\u0103 date simultan c\u0103tre STA1 \u0219i STA2. Deoarece \u201eantetul\u201d acestui cadru este complet clar chiar \u0219i pentru clien\u021bii foarte vechi, ace\u0219tia deduc corect c\u0103 banda va fi ocupat\u0103 pentru o anumit\u0103 perioad\u0103 de timp cu transmiterea informa\u021biilor c\u0103tre al\u021bi clien\u021bi ai re\u021belei, \u0219i \u00eencep s\u0103 numere timpul p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul acestei perioade (dup\u0103 cum face \u00eentotdeauna \u00een Wi-Fi). Dispozitivele STA1 \u0219i STA2 \u00een\u021beleg c\u0103 acum vor primi datele \u00eentr-un mod nou, simultan, fiecare pe por\u021biunea sa de canal, \u0219i r\u0103spund punctului de acces de asemenea simultan, apoi confirm\u0103 la fel de sincronizat primirea cadrului (fiecare cu por\u021bia sa de date!), \u0219i mediu se elibereaz\u0103 din nou. \u201eDe jos \u00een sus\u201d func\u021bioneaz\u0103 aproximativ \u00een acela\u0219i mod:<\/p>\n

      \"Cea
      \n
      \nDiferen\u021ba principal\u0103 \u0219i evident\u0103 este c\u0103 punctul de acces, \u00een aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie, \u00eei informeaz\u0103 pe sta\u021biile capabile s\u0103 comunice simultan c\u00e2nd s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 transferul, folosind un cadru special numit Trigger. Acesta este, \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, un nou \"declan\u0219ator\" pentru \u00eentregul mecanism de acces multiplu simultan la mediu, care este, \u00een opinia mea umil\u0103, una dintre cele mai importante inova\u021bii \"sub capot\u0103\" ale noului standard. Aici, clien\u021bii primesc un \"program\" despre cum s\u0103 \u00eempart\u0103 un canal de frecven\u021b\u0103; aici, clien\u021bii informeaz\u0103 simultan punctul de acces c\u0103 au primit por\u021biile lor de date \u0219i au reu\u0219it s\u0103 le decodeze. \u00cen acest mecanism, punctul de acces anun\u021b\u0103 pe to\u021bi cei care pot \"vorbi\" simultan despre \u00eenceputul transferului de date \u2014 tot \u00een acest cadru punctul de acces \u0219i porne\u0219te trimiterea datelor solicitate. Noul mecanism Trigger frame, \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, permite reducerea utiliz\u0103rii ineficiente a spectrului \u2014 \u0219i at\u00e2t de eficient, c\u00e2t de mul\u021bi clien\u021bi pot folosi acest mecanism \u0219i percepe corect!<\/p>\n

      \u0218i acum, s\u0103 formul\u0103m principalele teze care decurg din toat\u0103 aceast\u0103 poveste lung\u0103 \u0219i care se pretind a fi TL;DR: <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Punctele de acces ale noului standard 802.11ax, chiar \u0219i baz\u00e2ndu-se doar pe una dintre numeroasele inova\u021bii, vor \u00eencepe s\u0103 creasc\u0103 capacitatea total\u0103 a \u00eentregii re\u021bele \u00eenc\u0103 de la a doua<\/b> un dispozitiv client compatibil! C\u00e2nd vor exista deja cel pu\u021bin dou\u0103 clien\u021bi capabili s\u0103 comunice simultan, atunci, \u00een rest, (nu am niciun motiv s\u0103 presupun c\u0103 driverele pentru modulele radio ale clien\u021bilor vor fi scrise mai bine dec\u00e2t \u00eenainte, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 agregarea p\u0103r\u021bilor \"utilizabile\" ale cadrelor \u0219i multe alte func\u021bii dependente de client vor continua s\u0103 func\u021bioneze \u00een mod mediu acceptabil) ace\u0219tia vor CRE\u0218TE deja capacitatea medie de transfer. A\u0219a c\u0103, dac\u0103 te g\u00e2nde\u0219ti la o nou\u0103 re\u021bea Wi-Fi \u2014 merit\u0103 s\u0103 iei \u00een considerare cele mai noi \u0219i mai bune puncte de acces, deoarece chiar dac\u0103 acum exist\u0103 pu\u021bini clien\u021bi pentru ele \u2014 situa\u021bia nu va r\u0103m\u00e2ne a\u0219a mult timp.<\/li>\n
      2. Toate trucurile \u0219i tehnicile pe care un bun inginer wireless le are ast\u0103zi \u00een arsenalul s\u0103u vor r\u0103m\u00e2ne relevante mult timp de acum \u00eenainte \u2013 mecanismul de acces la mediu s-a actualizat, \u00eenc\u0103lc\u00e2nd principiile fundamentale care au rezistat timp de mai bine de 20 de ani, dar p\u0103streaz\u0103 \u00een continuare compatibilitatea pe primul loc. \u00cen continuare, trebuie s\u0103 se elimine ratele de management \u201eslow\u201d (\u00eenc\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem de ce \u0219i c\u00e2nd), \u0219i trebuie s\u0103 planific\u0103m corect nivelul fizic, pentru c\u0103 niciun mecanism la nivel de canal nu va func\u021biona dac\u0103 exist\u0103 probleme la nivel fizic. A ap\u0103rut acum oportunitatea de a face \u0219i mai bine<\/i>.<\/li>\n
      3. Aproape toate deciziile \u00een Wi-Fi 6 sunt luate de punctul de acces. A\u0219a cum vedem, acesta gestioneaz\u0103 accesul clien\u021bilor la mediu, reunind \u00eempreun\u0103 dispozitivele \u00een \u201eperioade\u201d de func\u021bionare simultan\u0103. Merg\u00e2nd pu\u021bin mai departe \u2013 func\u021bionarea TWT este, de asemenea, complet \u00een sarcina punctului de acces. Acum, AP trebuie s\u0103 nu doar \u201eemite re\u021beaua\u201d \u0219i s\u0103 stocheze traficul \u00een cozi, ci s\u0103 \u021bin\u0103 \u0219i eviden\u021ba tuturor clien\u021bilor, planific\u00e2nd cum s\u0103 \u00eei grupeze cel mai eficient unul cu cel\u0103lalt \u00een func\u021bie de capacit\u0103\u021bile lor de transfer \u0219i necesit\u0103\u021bile de trafic, bateriile lor \u0219i multe altele \u2013 eu numesc acest proces \u201eorchestrare\u201d. Algoritmii dup\u0103 care punctul de acces va lua toate aceste decizii nu sunt reglementa\u021bi, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 adev\u0103rata calitate \u0219i abordarea structurat\u0103 a produc\u0103torilor se va manifesta \u00een dezvoltarea algoritmilor de orchestrare. Cu c\u00e2t punctele sunt mai precise \u00een prognoza necesit\u0103\u021bilor clien\u021bilor, cu at\u00e2t mai bine \u0219i mai uniform vor putea s\u0103 \u00eei grupeze \u00een grupuri de acces multiplu \u2013 prin urmare, resursele eterului vor fi utilizate mai ra\u021bional \u0219i capacitatea final\u0103 a unui astfel de punct de acces va fi mai mare. Algoritmul este ultima frontier\u0103!<\/li>\n
      4. Trecerea de la Wi-Fi 5 la Wi-Fi 6 este, prin esen\u021ba \u0219i importan\u021ba sa, la fel de revolu\u021bionar\u0103 precum trecerea de la 802.11g la 802.11n. Atunci, am ob\u021binut multipath \u0219i agregarea \u201e\u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103turii utile\u201d \u2014 acum avem acces simultan la mediu \u0219i \u00een sf\u00e2r\u0219it func\u021bionale MU-MIMO \u0219i Beamforming (pe de o parte, a\u0219a cum \u0219tim, acestea sunt aproape identice; pe de alt\u0103 parte, discu\u021bia \u201ede ce MU-MIMO a fost inventat \u00een 802.11ac, dar nu a putut fi f\u0103cut s\u0103 func\u021bioneze\u201d este un subiect pentru un alt articol mare \ud83d\ude42). At\u00e2t 802.11n, c\u00e2t \u0219i Wi-Fi 6 func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een ambele benzi (2,4 GHz \u0219i 5 GHz), spre deosebire de predecesorii lor \u201eintermediari\u201d \u2014 cu adev\u0103rat, \u201e\u0219ase este noul patru\u201d!<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        <\/p>\n

        Pu\u021bin despre originile acestui articol<\/b>
        \n Articolul a fost scris pentru un concurs organizat de compania Huawei (a fost publicat ini\u021bial         aici<\/a><\/noindex>). \u00cen mare parte, m-am bazat pe propria mea prezentare de la conferin\u021ba \u201eF\u0103r\u0103 Fir\u201d, care a avut loc \u00een 2019 la Sankt Petersburg (\u00eenregistrarea prezent\u0103rii poate fi vizionat\u0103 pe youtube<\/a><\/noindex>, dar fi\u021bi con\u0219tien\u021bi \u2014 sunetul de acolo, s\u0103 zicem a\u0219a, nu este grozav, \u00een ciuda originii pietrogr\u0103date a videoclipului!).
        \n
        Sursa:         habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u044b \u042d\u0439\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443-\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 Wi-Fi Alliance \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 Wi-Fi 6, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043e\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":84591,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-84590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Cel mai important \u00een Wi-Fi 6. 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