{"id":86250,"date":"2020-06-23T13:42:20","date_gmt":"2020-06-23T11:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novyj-standart-802-11ah-high-efficiency-wlan-chto-zhe-v-nem-novogo-i-kogda-ego-zhdat"},"modified":"2020-06-23T13:42:20","modified_gmt":"2020-06-23T11:42:20","slug":"novyj-standart-802-11ah-high-efficiency-wlan-chto-zhe-v-nem-novogo-i-kogda-ego-zhdat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novyj-standart-802-11ah-high-efficiency-wlan-chto-zhe-v-nem-novogo-i-kogda-ego-zhdat","title":{"rendered":"Noua standard 802.11ah (WLAN de \u00eenalt\u0103 eficien\u021b\u0103), ce este nou \u00een aceasta \u0219i c\u00e2nd ne putem a\u0219tepta?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Grupul de lucru a \u00eenceput s\u0103 lucreze la standard \u00eenc\u0103 din 2014 \u0219i acum se afl\u0103 \u00een procesul de dezvoltare a draftului 3.0. Acesta difer\u0103 semnificativ de genera\u021biile anterioare de standarde 802.11, deoarece \u00eentreaga lucrare era finalizat\u0103 \u00een doar dou\u0103 drafturi. Aceasta se datoreaz\u0103 unui num\u0103r destul de mare de modific\u0103ri complexe planificate, care necesit\u0103 teste de compatibilitate mai detaliate \u0219i complexe. Ini\u021bial, grupul a avut sarcina de a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi eficien\u021ba utiliz\u0103rii spectrului pentru a cre\u0219te capacitatea WLAN cu o densitate mare de sta\u021bii abonate \u0219i puncte de acces. Principalele motive pentru dezvoltarea standardului au fost: cre\u0219terea num\u0103rului de abona\u021bi mobili, transmisii live pe re\u021belele sociale (accent pe traficul de upload) \u0219i, bine\u00een\u021beles, IoT.<\/p>\n

Inova\u021biile se prezint\u0103 schematic astfel:<\/h4>\n

\"Noua<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

MIMO 8\u00d78, mai multe fluxuri spa\u021biale<\/b><\/h4>\n

\nVa fi disponibil suport pentru MIMO 8\u00d78, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 8 SS (Fluxuri Spa\u021biale). Standardul 802.11ac a descris de asemenea suportul pentru 8 SS \u00een teorie, dar \u00een practic\u0103 punctele de acces 802.11ac \u201ewave 2\u201d erau limitate la suportul pentru 4 fluxuri spa\u021biale. Prin urmare, punctele de acces cu suport pentru MIMO 8x8 vor putea deservi simultan p\u00e2n\u0103 la 8 clien\u021bi 1x1, patru clien\u021bi 2x2 etc.<\/p>\n

\"Noua<\/p>\n

MU-MIMO DL\/UL (Multi-User MIMO Downlink\/Uplink)<\/b><\/h4>\n

\nSuport simultan pentru modul multiuser at\u00e2t pentru canalul de download, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru canalul de upload. Posibilitatea de acces concurent simultan la canalul de upload, gruparea at\u00e2t a datelor, c\u00e2t \u0219i a cadrelor de control va permite reducerea semnificativ\u0103 a \u201eoverhead-ului\u201d, ceea ce va duce la cre\u0219terea capacit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i reducerea timpului de r\u0103spuns.<\/p>\n

\"Noua<\/p>\n

Simbol OFDM lung<\/b><\/h4>\n

\nOFDM a func\u021bionat \u00een standardele 802.11a\/g\/n\/ac timp de aproximativ 20 de ani f\u0103r\u0103 modific\u0103ri. Conform standardului, \u00een canalul de 20MHz sunt plasate 64 de subportante, distan\u021bate \u00eentre ele cu un interval de 312,5 kHz (20MHz\/64). Pe parcursul acestor ani, industria semiconductorilor a avansat semnificativ, iar \u00een 802.11ah s-a propus o cre\u0219tere de patru ori a subportantelor la 256, cu un interval \u00eentre subportante de 78,125 kHz. Lungimea simbolului OFDM (timpul) este o valoare invers propor\u021bional\u0103 cu frecven\u021ba \u0219i, prin urmare, va cre\u0219te de asemenea de patru ori de la 3,2 \u03bcs la 12,8 \u03bcs. Aceast\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bire va spori eficien\u021ba \u0219i fiabilitatea transferului de date, \u00een special \u00een WLAN \u201eexterior\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"Noua\"Noua <\/p>\n

Raz\u0103 extins\u0103<\/b><\/h4>\n

\nAu fost ad\u0103ugate noi valori pentru intervalele de protec\u021bie \u00eentre cadre, care pot fi acum de 1,6 ms \u0219i 3,2 ms pentru WLAN \u201eoutdoor\u201d, iar pentru \u201eindoor\u201d intervalul a fost p\u0103strat la 0,8 ms. Un nou format de pachete cu o preambul\u0103 mai fiabil\u0103 (mai lung\u0103). Tot ce este descris mai sus va permite o cre\u0219tere de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 4 ori a vitezei de conectare la limita re\u021belei.<\/p>\n

\"Noua <\/p>\n

OFDMA DL\/UL (Acces Multiplu prin Diviziune Ortogonal\u0103 a Frecven\u021bei)<\/b><\/h4>\n

\nUna dintre cele mai importante schimb\u0103ri este implementarea OFDMA \u00een locul OFDM. Tehnologia OFDMA este utilizat\u0103 \u00een re\u021belele LTE \u0219i a dovedit o eficien\u021b\u0103 ridicat\u0103. Diferen\u021ba este c\u0103, \u00een OFDM, \u00eentreaga band\u0103 de frecven\u021b\u0103 este ocupat\u0103 \u00een timpul transmisiei iar urm\u0103torul client nu poate folosi resursele de frecven\u021b\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 ce transmisia nu se finalizeaz\u0103. \u00cen OFDMA, aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 este rezolvat\u0103 prin \u00eemp\u0103r\u021birea canalului \u00een subcanale de l\u0103\u021bimi diferite, denumite RU (Unit\u0103\u021bi de Resurse). \u00cen practic\u0103, aceasta va \u00eensemna c\u0103 256 de subportan\u021be ale unui canal de 20MHz pot fi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een RU de c\u00e2te 26 de subportan\u021be. Fiecare RU poate avea schema proprie de codare MCS, precum \u0219i puterea de transmisie.
\n\u00cen general, aceasta va aduce o cre\u0219tere semnificativ\u0103 a capacit\u0103\u021bii re\u021belei \u00een ansamblu, precum \u0219i l\u0103\u021bimi de band\u0103 pentru fiecare client \u00een parte.<\/p>\n

\"Noua
\n\"Noua<\/p>\n

1024 QAM<\/b><\/h4>\n

\nAu fost ad\u0103ugate noi MCS (Seturi de Modulare \u0219i Codificare) 10 \u0219i 11 pentru modularea 1024-QAM. Astfel, acum un simbol din aceast\u0103 schem\u0103 va transporta 10 bi\u021bi de informa\u021bie, ceea ce reprezint\u0103 o cre\u0219tere de 25% comparativ cu 8 bi\u021bi \u00een 256-QAM.<\/p>\n

\"Noua <\/p>\n

TWT (Target Wake Time) \u2013 \u201eProgramarea resurselor de uplink\u201d<\/b><\/h4>\n

\nMecanismul de economisire a energiei care \u0219i-a demonstrat eficien\u021ba \u00een standardul 802.11ah \u0219i acum este adaptat \u00een 802.11ax. TWT permite punctelor de acces s\u0103 informeze clien\u021bii c\u00e2nd s\u0103 treac\u0103 \u00een modul de economisire a energiei \u0219i ofer\u0103 un grafic pentru momentele \u00een care trebuie s\u0103 se trezeasc\u0103 pentru a primi sau trimite informa\u021bii. Acestea sunt perioade de timp foarte scurte, dar oportunitatea de a dormi \u00een multe perioade scurte va avea un impact semnificativ asupra duratei de via\u021b\u0103 a bateriei. Reducerea \u201econtesta\u021biei\u201d \u0219i a coliziunilor \u00eentre clien\u021bi va cre\u0219te timpul petrecut \u00een modul de economisire a energiei. \u00cen func\u021bie de tipul de trafic, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birile consumului de energie pot varia \u00eentre 65% \u0219i 95% (conform testelor Broadcom). Pentru dispozitivele IoT, suportul TWT este extrem de important.<\/p>\n

\"Noua<\/p>\n

BSS Color \u2013 Reutilizarea Spa\u021bial\u0103<\/b><\/h4>\n

\nPentru a cre\u0219te capacitatea re\u021belei WLAN de mare densitate, este necesar\u0103 cre\u0219terea frecven\u021bei de reutilizare a resurselor canalului. Pentru a reduce influen\u021ba BSS-urilor adiacente care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe acela\u0219i canal, se propune marcarea lor folosind \u201ecolor-bit\u201d. Acest lucru va permite ajustarea dinamic\u0103 a sensibilit\u0103\u021bii CCA (evaluarea canalului liber) \u0219i a puterii emi\u021b\u0103torului. Capacitatea re\u021belei va cre\u0219te datorit\u0103 densific\u0103rii planului canalului, \u00een timp ce interferen\u021ba existent\u0103 va avea un impact mai mic asupra alegerii MCS.<\/p>\n

\"Noua<\/p>\n

\u00cen leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu actualizarea iminent\u0103 a standardelor de securitate p\u00e2n\u0103 la WPA3<\/a><\/noindex>, nu to\u021bi vor avea posibilitatea de a rezolva problemele de securitate printr-o simpl\u0103 actualizare a software-ului, a\u0219a c\u0103 compania Extreme Networks va prezenta \u00eenc\u0103 din trimestrul patru din 2018 puncte de acces cu suport hardware pentru 802.11ah \u0219i WPA3. <\/p>\n

\u00cen plus despre 802.11ah<\/a><\/noindex>.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0432 2014 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 draft3.0. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 802.11, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":86251,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-86250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Noul standard 802.11ah (WLAN de mare eficien\u021b\u0103), ce nout\u0103\u021bi aduce \u0219i c\u00e2nd \u00eel putem a\u0219tepta? | ProHoster","description":"Grupul de lucru a \u00eenceput lucr\u0103rile la standard \u00eenc\u0103 din 2014 \u0219i acum se lucreaz\u0103 la draftul 3.0. Ceva ce difer\u0103 de precedentele genera\u021bii de standarde 802.11, deoarece toat\u0103 munca se concentra \u00een dou\u0103 drafturi.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novyj-standart-802-11ah-high-efficiency-wlan-chto-zhe-v-nem-novogo-i-kogda-ego-zhdat","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 802.11\u0430\u0445 (High Efficiency WLAN), \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c? 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