{"id":86472,"date":"2020-06-25T19:41:59","date_gmt":"2020-06-25T17:41:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sovremennaya-infrastruktura-problemy-i-perspektivy"},"modified":"2020-06-25T19:41:59","modified_gmt":"2020-06-25T17:41:59","slug":"sovremennaya-infrastruktura-problemy-i-perspektivy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sovremennaya-infrastruktura-problemy-i-perspektivy","title":{"rendered":"Infrastructura modern\u0103: probleme \u0219i perspective","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Infrastructura modern\u0103: probleme \u0219i perspective\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/11ee21e8779fbedf460fcdc6e753a151.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nLa sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lunii mai <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/feedme.ru\/\">am<\/a><\/noindex> organizat un meet-up online pe tema <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/uf4EgFmUY1Y\">\u201eInfrastructura modern\u0103 \u0219i containere: probleme \u0219i perspective\u201d<\/a><\/noindex>. Am discutat despre containere, Kubernetes \u0219i orchestration \u00een general, despre criteriile de alegere a infrastructurii \u0219i multe altele. Participan\u021bii au \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219it studii de caz din propria experien\u021b\u0103. <\/p>\n<p><b>Participan\u021bi:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Evgheni Potapov, CEO \u201eITSumma\u201d<\/b>. Mai mult de jum\u0103tate dintre clien\u021bii s\u0103i fie au trecut deja, fie doresc s\u0103 treac\u0103 la Kubernetes.<\/li>\n<li><b>Dmitri Stolyarov, CTO \u201eFlant\u201d<\/b>. Are peste 10 ani de experien\u021b\u0103 \u00een lucrul cu sistemele de containere.<\/li>\n<li><b>Denis Remciukov (aka Eric Oldmann), COO argotech.io, fost la RAO EES<\/b>. A promis s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103 despre studii de caz din \u201esectorul greu\u201d al enterprise-urilor.<\/li>\n<li><b>Andrei Fedorovski, CTO \u201eNews360.com\u201d<\/b>Dup\u0103 achizi\u021bia companiei de c\u0103tre un alt juc\u0103tor, este responsabil pentru o serie de proiecte ML \u0219i AI \u0219i pentru infrastructur\u0103.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ivan Kruglov, inginer sistem, fost la Booking.com.<\/b>Acela\u0219i om care a realizat multe cu Kubernetes cu m\u00e2inile sale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Teme:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00cent\u00e2lnirile participan\u021bilor despre containere \u0219i orchestration (Docker, Kubernetes \u0219i altele); ce au \u00eencercat \u00een practic\u0103 sau au analizat.<\/li>\n<li>Studiu de caz: Compania \u00ee\u0219i construie\u0219te un plan pe termen lung pentru dezvoltarea infrastructurii. Cum se ia decizia de a construi (sau de a migra infrastructura curent\u0103) pe containere \u0219i Kubernetes sau nu? <\/li>\n<li>Probleme \u00een lumea cloud-native, ce lipse\u0219te, s\u0103 ne imagin\u0103m ce va fi m\u00e2ine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nA avut loc o discu\u021bie interesant\u0103, opiniile participan\u021bilor s-au dovedit at\u00e2t de diferite \u0219i au st\u00e2rnit at\u00e2t de multe comentarii \u00eenc\u00e2t dorim s\u0103 le \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219im cu voi. Exist\u0103 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uf4EgFmUY1Y\">un videoclip de trei ore<\/a><\/noindex>, iar mai jos \u2013 o sintez\u0103 a discu\u021biei. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Kubernetes este deja un standard sau un marketing excelent?<\/h2>\n<p>\n<i>\u201eAm ajuns la el (Kubernetes. \u2014 Nota red.) atunci c\u00e2nd nimeni nu \u0219tia despre el. Am ajuns la el atunci c\u00e2nd acesta \u00eenc\u0103 nu exista. L-am dorit mult \u00eenainte\u201d \u2014 <b>Dmitri Stolyarov<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Infrastructura modern\u0103: probleme \u0219i perspective\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/a814dda8f5e37560b6882535522498a6.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Fotografie de pe Reddit.com<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Acum 5-10 ani existau o mul\u021bime de instrumente \u0219i nu existau standarde unice. La fiecare \u0219ase luni ap\u0103rea un nou produs, sau poate chiar mai mult de unul. La \u00eenceput Vagrant, apoi Salt, Chef, Puppet,\u2026 \u201e\u0219i trebuie s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi reconstruie\u0219ti infrastructura la fiecare \u0219ase luni. Ai cinci administratori care sunt constant ocupa\u021bi cu scrierea configura\u021biilor\u201d \u2014 \u00ee\u0219i aminte\u0219te Andrei Fedorovski. El crede c\u0103 Docker \u0219i Kubernetes \u201eau pus cap\u0103t celorlalte\u201d. <b>Docker a devenit standard \u00een ultimii cinci ani, Kubernetes \u2014 \u00een ultimii doi ani. \u0218i acest lucru este bun pentru industrie.<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>Dmitrie Stolyarov \u0219i echipa sa iubesc Kubernetes. Ei \u00ee\u0219i doreau un astfel de instrument cu mult \u00eenainte de a ap\u0103rea, \u0219i l-au adoptat \u00eenc\u0103 de c\u00e2nd nimeni nu \u0219tia despre el. \u00cen prezent, din motive de confort, nu accept\u0103 clien\u021bi dac\u0103 consider\u0103 c\u0103 nu pot implementa Kubernetes pentru ace\u0219tia. Cu toate acestea, potrivit lui Dmitrie, compania are \u201emulte istorii de succes uria\u0219e \u00een transformarea unor mo\u0219teniri teribile\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><b>Kubernetes nu este doar o orchestrare de containere; este un sistem complex de gestionare a configura\u021biei, cu o API dezvoltat\u0103, un component de re\u021bea, echilibrare L3 \u0219i controllere Ingress, care permite gestionarea relativ u\u0219oar\u0103 a resurselor, scalarea \u0219i abstraharea de straturile inferioare ale infrastructurii.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Din p\u0103cate, \u00een via\u021ba noastr\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 pl\u0103tim pentru tot. \u0218i acest impozit este mare, mai ales c\u00e2nd vine vorba de tranzi\u021bia unei companii cu o infrastructur\u0103 dezvoltat\u0103 la Kubernetes, consider\u0103 Ivan Kruglov. El ar putea lucra f\u0103r\u0103 probleme at\u00e2t \u00eentr-o companie cu infrastructur\u0103 tradi\u021bional\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i cu Kubernetes. Principalul este s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegi caracteristicile companiei \u0219i ale pie\u021bei. Dar, de exemplu, pentru Evgheni Potapov, care ar generaliza Kubernetes ca pe orice instrument de orchestrare a containerelor, o astfel de problem\u0103 nu exist\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>Evgheni a tras o analogie cu situa\u021bia din anii '90, c\u00e2nd a ap\u0103rut programarea orientat\u0103 pe obiect, ca modalitate de a programa aplica\u021bii complexe. La acea vreme, dezbaterile nu se opreau, iar noi instrumente care suportau OOP ap\u0103reau constant. Apoi, au ap\u0103rut microserviciile ca o modalitate de a sc\u0103pa de conceptele monolitice. Aceasta, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, a dus la apari\u021bia containerelor \u0219i a instrumentelor lor de gestionare. \u201eCred c\u0103 \u00een cur\u00e2nd vom ajunge \u00een acel moment c\u00e2nd \u00eentrebarea dac\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 scriem o aplica\u021bie mic\u0103 \u00eentr-un mod microservicii nu va mai exista; aceasta va fi scris\u0103 implicit ca un microserviciu\u201d, consider\u0103 el. Similar, Docker \u0219i Kubernetes vor deveni, \u00een timp, o solu\u021bie standard f\u0103r\u0103 a mai necesita o alegere.<\/p>\n<h2>Problema bazelor de date este stateless.<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Infrastructura modern\u0103: probleme \u0219i perspective\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/5bd0a882ea3cebcafbb846570672be20.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto de <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@jankolar?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Twitter: @jankolario pe Unsplash<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen zilele noastre, exist\u0103 multe re\u021bete pentru a rula baze de date \u00een Kubernetes. Chiar \u0219i pentru a separa partea care lucreaz\u0103 cu I\/O de disc de, s\u0103 zicem, partea de aplica\u021bie a bazei de date. <b>Este posibil ca \u00een viitor bazele de date s\u0103 se schimbe at\u00e2t de mult \u00eenc\u00e2t vor fi livrate \u00eentr-o cutie, unde o parte va fi orchestrat prin Docker \u0219i Kubernetes, iar cealalt\u0103 parte a infrastructurii, printr-un software separat, va oferi partea de stocare?<\/b> Se vor schimba bazele ca produs?<\/p>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 descriere seam\u0103n\u0103 cu managementul coadelor, dar cerin\u021bele de fiabilitate \u0219i sincronizare a informa\u021biilor \u00een bazele de date tradi\u021bionale sunt mult mai ridicate, consider\u0103 Andrei. Ratio-ul de hit-uri al cache-ului \u00een bazele normale se men\u021bine la un nivel de 99%. Dac\u0103 un worker se pr\u0103bu\u0219e\u0219te, se lanseaz\u0103 unul nou, iar cache-ul se \"re\u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te\" de la zero. P\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd cache-ul nu este re\u00eenc\u0103lzit, worker-ul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 lent, deci nu poate suporta o sarcin\u0103 de utilizator. At\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t nu exist\u0103 o sarcin\u0103 de utilizator, cache-ul nu se re\u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te. Este un cerc vicios. <\/p>\n<p>Dmitri nu este de acord, - cvorumul \u0219i sharding-ul rezolv\u0103 problema. Dar Andrei insist\u0103 c\u0103 solu\u021bia nu se potrive\u0219te tuturor. \u00cen unele situa\u021bii, cvorumul este potrivit, dar adaug\u0103 o sarcin\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 asupra re\u021belei. O baz\u0103 NoSQL nu este potrivit\u0103 \u00een toate cazurile. <\/p>\n<p>Participan\u021bii la meet-up s-au \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit \u00een dou\u0103 tabere.<\/p>\n<p>Denis \u0219i Andrei sus\u021bin c\u0103 tot ce scrie pe disc - bazele \u0219i altele - nu este posibil de realizat \u00een actuala ecosistem\u0103 Kubernetes. <b>Nu este posibil s\u0103 men\u021bii integritatea \u0219i consisten\u021ba datelor productive \u00een Kubernetes. Aceasta este o caracteristic\u0103 fundamental\u0103.<\/b> Solu\u021bia: infrastructur\u0103 hibrid\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>Chiar \u0219i bazele cloud native moderne, cum ar fi MongoDB \u0219i Cassandra, sau coadele de mesaje, cum ar fi Kafka sau RabbitMQ, necesit\u0103 stoc\u0103ri de date permanente \u00een afara Kubernetes. <\/p>\n<p>Evgheni replic\u0103: \u201eBazele \u00een Kubernetes sunt o traum\u0103 legat\u0103 de Rusia sau de \u00eentreprinderile mari, asociat\u0103 cu faptul c\u0103 \u00een Rusia adoptarea cloud-ului nu exist\u0103\u201d. Companiile mici sau medii din Vest sunt bazate pe Cloud. Este mai u\u0219or s\u0103 folose\u0219ti Amazon RDS dec\u00e2t s\u0103 te ocupi singur de Kubernetes. \u00cen Rusia, se folose\u0219te Kubernetes \"on-premise\" \u0219i se mut\u0103 bazele \u00een el atunci c\u00e2nd \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 scape de zoo-ul de tehnologii.<\/p>\n<p>Dmitri nu este de acord cu afirma\u021bia c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 baze care s\u0103 poat\u0103 fi p\u0103strate \u00een Kubernetes: \u201eExist\u0103 baze \u0219i baze. \u0218i dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 introduci o baz\u0103 de date rela\u021bional\u0103 gigantic\u0103, atunci cu siguran\u021b\u0103 nu. Dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 introduci ceva mic \u0219i cloud native, care este preg\u0103tit moral pentru o via\u021b\u0103 semi-efemer\u0103, totul va fi \u00een regul\u0103.\u201d Dmitri a men\u021bionat, de asemenea, c\u0103 instrumentele de gestionare a bazelor nu sunt preg\u0103tite nici pentru Docker, nici pentru Kubernetes, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t apar mari complica\u021bii.<\/p>\n<p>Ivan este, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, sigur c\u0103, chiar dac\u0103 ne ab\u021binem de la no\u021biunile de stateful \u0219i stateless, ecosistemul solu\u021biilor enterprise \u00een Kubernetes nu este \u00eenc\u0103 preg\u0103tit. Cu Kube este dificil s\u0103 se respecte cerin\u021bele legale \u0219i de reglementare. De exemplu, este imposibil s\u0103 realiz\u0103m o solu\u021bie de furnizare a identit\u0103\u021bii, unde sunt necesare garan\u021bii stricte de identificare a serverului, inclusiv p\u00e2n\u0103 la hardware-ul care este introdus \u00een servere. Acest domeniu se dezvolt\u0103, dar momentan nu exist\u0103 solu\u021bii.<br \/>\nParticipan\u021bii nu au reu\u0219it s\u0103 ajung\u0103 la un acord, a\u0219a c\u0103 nu vor urma concluzii \u00een aceast\u0103 parte. Mai bine s\u0103 d\u0103m c\u00e2teva exemple practice.<\/p>\n<h3>Caz 1. Cybersecuritate a \u00abmegaregulatorului\u00bb cu baze de date \u00een afara Kubernetes<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u00cen cazul unui sistem dezvoltat de cybersecuritate, utilizarea containerelor \u0219i orchestrasii permite ap\u0103rarea \u00eempotriva atacurilor \u0219i intruziunilor. De exemplu, \u00eentr-un megaregulator, Denis \u0219i echipa sa au implementat o leg\u0103tur\u0103 \u00eentre orchestrator \u0219i un serviciu SIEM antrenat, care analizeaz\u0103 jurnalele \u00een timp real \u0219i determin\u0103 procesul atacului, spargerii sau defec\u021biunii. \u00cen caz de atac, \u00eencerc\u0103ri de a introduce ceva sau \u00een caz de intruziune a unui virus ransomware, acesta, prin orchestrator, ridic\u0103 containere cu aplica\u021bii mai repede dec\u00e2t acestea se infecteaz\u0103 sau mai repede dec\u00e2t atacatorul le atac\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3>Caz 2. Mutarea par\u021bial\u0103 a bazelor de date Booking.com \u00een Kubernetes<\/h3>\n<p>\nLa Booking.com, baza de date principal\u0103 este MySQL cu replicare asincron\u0103 - exist\u0103 un master \u0219i o \u00eentreag\u0103 ierarhie de slave. La momentul plec\u0103rii lui Ivan din companie, a fost demarat un proiect de mutare a slavelor, care pot fi \u00abdeconectate\u00bb cu un anumit prejudiciu.<\/p>\n<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 baza principal\u0103, exist\u0103 o instalare Cassandra cu orchestrare personalizat\u0103, care a fost scris\u0103 cu mult \u00eenainte ca Kubernetes s\u0103 devin\u0103 mainstream. Nu sunt probleme \u00een acest sens, dar aceasta are persistent pe SSD-uri locale. Stoc\u0103rile externe, chiar \u0219i \u00een cadrul unui singur centru de date, nu sunt folosite din cauza problemelor cu laten\u021ba mare.<\/p>\n<p>A treia clas\u0103 de baze de date este serviciul de c\u0103utare Booking.com, unde fiecare nod al serviciului este o baz\u0103 de date. \u00cencerc\u0103rile de a muta serviciul de c\u0103utare \u00een Kubernetes nu au avut succes, deoarece fiecare nod are 60-80 GB de stocare local\u0103, care este greu de \u00abridicat\u00bb \u0219i \u00ab\u00eenc\u0103lzit\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, motorul de c\u0103utare \u00een Kubernetes nu a fost mutat \u0219i Ivan nu crede c\u0103 vor exista noi \u00eencerc\u0103ri \u00een viitorul apropiat. Baza de date MySQL a fost mutat\u0103 par\u021bial: doar slavelor, care nu este \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103tor s\u0103 \u00abdeconectezi\u00bb. Cassandra s-a adaptat excelent.<\/p>\n<h2>Alegerea infrastructurii ca o problem\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 solu\u021bie general\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Infrastructura modern\u0103: probleme \u0219i perspective\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/35cc454130402e47fcb9db3dbf159abb.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto de <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/@artunchained?utm_content=attributionCopyText&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_source=pexels\">Manuel Geissinger de la Pexels<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 avem o companie nou\u0103 sau o companie unde o parte din infrastructur\u0103 a fost construit\u0103 pe vechi. Aceasta dezvolt\u0103 un plan de dezvoltare a infrastructurii pe ani. Cum se ia decizia de a construi infrastructura pe containere \u0219i Kubernetes sau nu? <\/p>\n<p>Companiile care se lupt\u0103 pentru nanosecunde sunt excluse din discu\u021bie. Un conservatorism s\u0103n\u0103tos se justific\u0103 din punct de vedere al fiabilit\u0103\u021bii, dar totu\u0219i exist\u0103 companii care ar trebui s\u0103 analizeze noi abord\u0103ri.<\/p>\n<p>Ivan: \u201eAcum a\u0219 \u00eencepe cu siguran\u021b\u0103 o companie \u00een cloud, pur \u0219i simplu pentru c\u0103 este mai rapid\u201d, de\u0219i nu neap\u0103rat mai ieftin. Odat\u0103 cu dezvoltarea capitalului de risc, startup-urile nu au mari probleme cu banii, iar sarcina principal\u0103 este de a cuceri pia\u021ba. <\/p>\n<p>Ivan consider\u0103 c\u0103 <b>dezvoltarea actualei infrastructuri este un criteriu de selec\u021bie<\/b>. Dac\u0103 \u00een trecut au fost investi\u021bii semnificative, iar acestea func\u021bioneaz\u0103, atunci nu are sens s\u0103 se refac\u0103. Dac\u0103 infrastructura nu este dezvoltat\u0103 \u0219i exist\u0103 probleme cu instrumentele, securitatea \u0219i monitorizarea, atunci merit\u0103 s\u0103 ne uit\u0103m la infrastructura distribuit\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>Impozitul va trebui pl\u0103tit \u00een orice caz, iar Ivan ar pl\u0103ti acela care i-ar permite s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 mai pu\u021bin \u00een viitor. \u201e<b>Pentru c\u0103 doar datorit\u0103 faptului c\u0103 c\u0103l\u0103toresc cu un tren condus de al\u021bii, voi c\u0103l\u0103tori mult mai departe dec\u00e2t dac\u0103 m-a\u0219 urca \u00een alt tren, \u00een care ar trebui s\u0103-mi furnizez eu combustibilul.<\/b>\u201d \u2014 spune Ivan. C\u00e2nd compania este nou\u0103 \u0219i cerin\u021bele de laten\u021b\u0103 sunt de ordinul zecilor de milisecunde, Ivan s-ar uita spre \u201eoperatori\u201d, care ast\u0103zi \u201e\u00eenvele\u0219te\u201d bazele de date clasice. Ace\u0219tia ridic\u0103 o re\u021bea de replicare care se comut\u0103 automat \u00een caz de failover, etc\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Pentru o companie mic\u0103 cu c\u00e2teva servere \u00een Kubernetes nu are sens, \u2014 afirm\u0103 Andrei. Dar dac\u0103 aceasta planific\u0103 s\u0103 creasc\u0103 la sute de servere sau mai mult, atunci este nevoie de automatizare \u0219i de un sistem de gestionare a resurselor. 90% din cazuri justific\u0103 costurile. Indiferent de nivelul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u0219i resurse. To\u021bi, \u00eencep\u00e2nd de la startup-uri, p\u00e2n\u0103 la mari companii cu o audien\u021b\u0103 de milioane, ar trebui s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendrepte treptat privirea spre produse pentru orchestrarea containerelor. \u201eDa, acesta este cu adev\u0103rat viitorul\u201d, este convins Andrei.<\/p>\n<p>Denis a identificat dou\u0103 criterii principale \u2014 <b>scalabilitatea \u0219i rezilien\u021ba opera\u021biunilor.<\/b> El va alege acele instrumente care se potrivesc cel mai bine acestei sarcini. \u201eAceasta poate fi o solu\u021bie DIY necunoscut\u0103, pe care o rul\u0103m cu Nutanix Community Edition. Poate fi o a doua linie sub forma unei aplica\u021bii pe Kuber, cu o baz\u0103 de date \u00een backend, care este replicat\u0103 \u0219i are parametri stabili\u021bi RTO \u0219i RPO\u201d (obiectivele de timp de recuperare\/punct). <i>exemplu<\/i>).<\/p>\n<p>Eugene a semnalat o posibil\u0103 problem\u0103 cu personalul. \u00cen prezent, pe pia\u021b\u0103 nu sunt at\u00e2t de mul\u021bi speciali\u0219ti de \u00eenalt\u0103 calitate care s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 \u201einteriorul\u201d tehnologiilor. Cu adev\u0103rat, dac\u0103 tehnologia aleas\u0103 este \u00eenvechit\u0103, este greu s\u0103 angajezi pe cineva, \u00een afar\u0103 de persoane \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103, plictisite \u0219i obosite de via\u021b\u0103. Cu toate acestea, al\u021bi participan\u021bi consider\u0103 c\u0103 aceasta este o problem\u0103 de preg\u0103tire profesional\u0103. <br \/>\nDac\u0103 ne punem \u00eentrebarea de alegere: s\u0103 lans\u0103m o companie mic\u0103 \u00een Public Cloud cu baze de date \u00een Amazon RDS sau \u201eon premise\u201d cu baze de date \u00een Kubernetes, atunci, \u00een ciuda unor dezavantaje, alegerea participan\u021bilor a fost Amazon RDS. <\/p>\n<p>Deoarece majoritatea ascult\u0103torilor meetup-ului nu provin din \u201eentertainment\u201d corporativ, <b>solu\u021biile distribuite sunt ceea ce trebuie s\u0103 aspir\u0103m. Sistemele de stocare a datelor trebuie s\u0103 fie distribuite, fiabile, \u0219i s\u0103 genereze laten\u021be m\u0103surate \u00een milisecunde, maximum zeci.<\/b>, a conchis Andrei.<\/p>\n<h2>Evaluarea utiliz\u0103rii Kubernetes<\/h2>\n<p>\nAscult\u0103torul Anton Zhbankov a adresat o \u00eentrebare capcan\u0103 apologistilor Kubernetes: cum a fost aleas\u0103 \u0219i desf\u0103\u0219urat\u0103 fundamentarea tehnico-economic\u0103? De ce Kubernetes, de ce nu ma\u0219ini virtuale, de exemplu? <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Infrastructura modern\u0103: probleme \u0219i perspective\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/cd179deffb9bf66c3cb12d7ca9ef9244.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto de <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@artyana?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Tatyana Eremina pe Unsplash<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>R\u0103spunsurile au venit de la Dmitry \u0219i Ivan. \u00cen ambele cazuri, prin metoda probelor \u0219i gre\u0219elilor, s-a realizat o secven\u021b\u0103 de solu\u021bii, \u00een urma c\u0103reia ambii participan\u021bi au ajuns la Kubernetes. Acum, afacerea \u00eencepe s\u0103 dezvolte independent software care are sens s\u0103 fie migrat \u00een Kuber. Nu este vorba despre sisteme externe clasice, de tip 1C. Kubernetes ajut\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd dezvoltatorii trebuie s\u0103 fac\u0103 rapid lans\u0103ri, \u00eentr-un proces continuu de \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bire.<\/p>\n<p>Echipa lui Andrei a \u00eencercat s\u0103 creeze un cluster scalabil pe baza ma\u0219inilor virtuale. Nodurile c\u0103deau ca ni\u0219te domino, ceea ce uneori ducea la c\u0103derea cluster-ului. \u201eTeoretic, putem s\u0103 finaliz\u0103m \u0219i s\u0103 men\u021binem manual, dar este obositor. \u0218i dac\u0103 pe pia\u021b\u0103 exist\u0103 o solu\u021bie care permite operarea din cutie, atunci ne \u00eendrept\u0103m cu pl\u0103cere c\u0103tre ea. \u0218i \u00een cele din urm\u0103 am trecut la aceasta.\u201d, spune Andrei.<\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 standarde pentru astfel de analize \u0219i calcule, dar nimeni nu poate spune c\u00e2t de exacte sunt acestea \u00een utilizarea pe hardware real. Pentru calcule este, de asemenea, important s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem fiecare instrument \u0219i ecosistem, dar acest lucru este imposibil.<\/p>\n<h2>Ce ne a\u0219teapt\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Infrastructura modern\u0103: probleme \u0219i perspective\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/d7843eb5da33c8aa5b444e86b43184d5.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto de <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@drew_beamer?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Drew Beamer pe Unsplash<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce tehnologiile progreseaz\u0103, apar din ce \u00een ce mai multe fragmente disparate, iar apoi are loc o tranzi\u021bie de faz\u0103, apare un vendor care a ucis suficient de mult \u00abbani\u00bb pentru ca totul s\u0103 se uneasc\u0103 \u00eentr-un singur instrument.<\/p>\n<p><b>Nu vi se pare c\u0103 va veni un moment \u00een care va ap\u0103rea un instrument a\u0219a cum a devenit Ubuntu pentru lumea Linux?<\/b> Este posibil ca un instrument unic de containerizare \u0219i orchestrare s\u0103 includ\u0103 \u0219i Kubernetes. Cu acesta va fi mai simplu s\u0103 construie\u0219ti cloud-uri on-premise. <\/p>\n<p>Ivan a r\u0103spuns: \u00abGoogle construie\u0219te acum Anthos \u2014 aceasta este oferta lor de pachet care desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 cloud-ul \u0219i include Kubernetes, Service Mesh, monitorizare \u2014 \u00eentreaga leg\u0103tur\u0103 necesar\u0103 microserviciilor \u00een \u201eon-premise\u201d. Suntem aproape de viitor.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Denis a men\u021bionat, de asemenea, Nutanix \u0219i VMWare cu produsul vRealize Suite, care pot face fa\u021b\u0103 unor sarcini similare f\u0103r\u0103 containerizare.<\/p>\n<p>Dmitry a \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219it opinia c\u0103 reducerea \u00abdurerii\u00bb \u0219i diminuarea impozitelor sunt dou\u0103 direc\u021bii \u00een care ar trebui s\u0103 ne a\u0219tept\u0103m la \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri. <\/p>\n<p><b>\u00cen concluzia discu\u021biei, s\u0103 subliniem urm\u0103toarele probleme ale infrastructurii moderne<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trei participan\u021bi au semnalat problema cu stateful.<\/li>\n<li>Diversificate probleme de suport pentru securitate, inclusiv probabilitatea ca mai multe versiuni de Python, servere de aplica\u021bii \u0219i componente s\u0103 ajung\u0103 \u00een Docker.<br \/>\nSuprautilizarea, despre care ar fi bine s\u0103 organiz\u0103m un meetup separat.<br \/>\nProblema \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103rii, deoarece orchestrarea reprezint\u0103 un ecosistem complex.<br \/>\nO problem\u0103 general\u0103 a industriei \u2014 utilizarea instrumentelor \u00een scopuri necorespunz\u0103toare.<\/p>\n<p>Restul concluziilor trebuie s\u0103 le tragi tu. P\u00e2n\u0103 acum, r\u0103m\u00e2ne sentimentul c\u0103 combina\u021bia Docker+Kubernetes nu va deveni cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 o parte \u201ecentral\u0103\u201d a sistemului. De exemplu, sistemele de operare sunt instalate pe hardware la \u00eenceput, lucru care nu se poate spune despre containere \u0219i orchestrare. Poate, \u00een viitor, sistemele de operare \u0219i containerele se vor integra cu software-ul de gestionare a cloud-ului.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Infrastructura modern\u0103: probleme \u0219i perspective\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/4f90f876985af1b515a9d5a471ba3c74.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto de <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/@gabrielsantosfotografia?utm_content=attributionCopyText&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_source=pexels\">Gabriel Santos Fotografia de pe Pexels<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Cu ocazia aceasta vreau s\u0103 transmit salut\u0103ri mamei \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eei amintesc c\u0103 avem un grup pe Facebook <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/feedme.ru\/\">\u201eManagementul \u0219i dezvoltarea proiectelor IT mari\u201d<\/a><\/noindex>, canal <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/feedmeto\">@feedmeto<\/a><\/noindex> cu publica\u021bii interesante din diverse bloguri tehnologice. \u0218i canalul meu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/rybakalexey\">@rybakalexey<\/a><\/noindex>, unde v\u0103 povestesc despre gestionarea dezvolt\u0103rii \u00een companiile de produse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/508018\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u044f \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u00ab\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b\u00bb. \u041f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445, Kubernetes \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0435, \u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c. \u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432, CEO \u00abITSumma\u00bb. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 Kubernetes. \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043e\u0432, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":86473,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-86472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u044f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sovremennaya-infrastruktura-problemy-i-perspektivy\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" 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