{"id":87005,"date":"2020-07-02T07:42:17","date_gmt":"2020-07-02T05:42:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/podvodnye-kamni-pri-perehode-na-vdi-chto-testirovat-zaranee-chtoby-ne-bylo-muchitelno-bolno"},"modified":"2020-07-02T07:42:17","modified_gmt":"2020-07-02T05:42:17","slug":"podvodnye-kamni-pri-perehode-na-vdi-chto-testirovat-zaranee-chtoby-ne-bylo-muchitelno-bolno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/podvodnye-kamni-pri-perehode-na-vdi-chto-testirovat-zaranee-chtoby-ne-bylo-muchitelno-bolno","title":{"rendered":"Capcanele ascunse la trecerea la VDI: ce trebuie testat din timp pentru a evita durerea","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Capcanele ascunse la trecerea la VDI: ce trebuie testat din timp pentru a evita durerea\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ad59bcec7d84c1a5c31682f3cc6f097d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nV-a\u021bi \u00eentrebat vreodat\u0103 ce face un scanner cu o sta\u021bie VDI? La \u00eenceput, totul pare bine: acesta se comport\u0103 ca un dispozitiv USB obi\u0219nuit \u0219i este \u201etranslucid\u201d vizibil din ma\u0219ina virtual\u0103. Apoi, utilizatorul d\u0103 comanda de scanare \u0219i totul se pr\u0103bu\u0219e\u0219te. \u00cen cel mai bun caz \u2014 driverul scannerului, \u00een cel mai r\u0103u \u2014 dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva minute software-ul scannerului, iar apoi poate afecta \u0219i al\u021bi utilizatori ai clusterei. De ce? Pentru c\u0103, pentru a ob\u021bine o imagine comprimat\u0103 de cinci megabytes, trebuie s\u0103 trimite\u021bi prin USB 2.0 de dou\u0103-trei ori mai multe date. L\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 a magistralei este de 480 Mbit\/s. <\/p>\n<p>A\u0219adar, trebuie testate trei lucruri: UX, perifericele \u0219i securitatea \u2014 neap\u0103rat. Exist\u0103 o diferen\u021b\u0103 \u00een modul de testare. Pute\u021bi instala agen\u021bi local, pe fiecare sta\u021bie de lucru virtual\u0103. Este relativ bugetar, dar nu arat\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura pe canal \u0219i nu calculeaz\u0103 corect \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura pe procesor. A doua op\u021biune \u2014 a v\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219ura \u00eentr-o alt\u0103 loca\u021bie cu un num\u0103r necesar de robo\u021bi-emulatori \u0219i a \u00eencepe s\u0103-i conecta\u021bi la locurile de munc\u0103 reale ca utilizatori adev\u0103ra\u021bi. Se va ad\u0103uga \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura de la protocolul de transfer al fluxului video al ecranului (mai precis, pixelii modifica\u021bi), va avea loc analiza \u0219i trimiterea pachetelor de re\u021bea, iar \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103turile pe canal vor fi clar evidente. Canalul este, \u00een general, foarte rar testat. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nUX este viteza cu care utilizatorul final \u00eendepline\u0219te diverse ac\u021biuni. Exist\u0103 pachete de teste care \u00eencarc\u0103 instalarea cu sute de utilizatori \u0219i efectueaz\u0103 ac\u021biunile tipice pentru ei: pornesc pachete de birou, citesc PDF-uri, navigheaz\u0103, rar, foarte rar \u00ee\u0219i pierd timpul cu pornhub la lucru \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe. <\/p>\n<p>Un exemplu destul de bun de ce aceste teste sunt importante \u00een avans a fost \u00een ultima instalare. Acolo o mie de utilizatori se mut\u0103 \u00een VDI, av\u00e2nd biroul, browserul \u0219i SAP. Departamentul IT din companie este bine dezvoltat, astfel c\u0103 exist\u0103 o cultur\u0103 a test\u0103rii de \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u00eenainte de implement\u0103ri. Din experien\u021ba mea, de obicei, trebuie s\u0103 convingi clientul s\u0103 fac\u0103 asta, deoarece costurile sunt mari, iar beneficiul nu este \u00eentotdeauna evident. Exist\u0103 calcule unde se poate gre\u0219i? \u00cen realitate \u2014 aceste teste descoper\u0103 locuri pe care le-ai suspectat, dar nu ai putut verifica.<\/p>\n<h3>Instalare<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0218ase servere, configura\u021bia este urm\u0103toarea:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Capcanele ascunse la trecerea la VDI: ce trebuie testat din timp pentru a evita durerea\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6a38e91b25c01438fb7da56406e66f94.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nLa solu\u021bie de stocare a clientului nu a fost accesibil\u0103 pentru noi, aceasta fiind deja furnizat\u0103 sub form\u0103 de serviciu. \u00cens\u0103 \u0219tim c\u0103 este all-flash. Nu \u0219tim ce fel de all-flash este, dar avem blocuri de 10 TB. VDI \u2014 VMware, conform alegerii clientului, deoarece echipa IT este deja familiarizat\u0103 cu acest stack \u0219i totul se completeaz\u0103 destul de organic \u00eentr-o infrastructur\u0103 integrat\u0103. VMware creeaz\u0103 o dependen\u021b\u0103 de ecosistemul s\u0103u, dar dac\u0103 exist\u0103 un buget suficient pentru achizi\u021bii, pot trece ani f\u0103r\u0103 probleme. Dar acest \u201edac\u0103\u201d este adesea foarte mare. Avem o reducere bun\u0103 \u0219i clientul este con\u0219tient de acest lucru. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cencepem testele, deoarece echipa IT nu permite s\u0103 se ajung\u0103 \u00een produc\u021bie aproape nimic f\u0103r\u0103 teste. VDI nu este ceva ce poate fi lansat \u0219i apoi acceptat. Utilizatorii se conecteaz\u0103 treptat \u0219i problemele ar putea ap\u0103rea chiar \u0219i dup\u0103 \u0219ase luni. Ceea ce, evident, nu \u00ee\u0219i dore\u0219te nimeni. <\/p>\n<p>450 de utilizatori \u00een test, gener\u0103m sarcina local. Robo-utilizatorii efectueaz\u0103 diverse ac\u021biuni simultan, iar noi m\u0103sur\u0103m timpul fiec\u0103rei opera\u021biuni pe parcursul a c\u00e2teva ore de func\u021bionare:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Capcanele ascunse la trecerea la VDI: ce trebuie testat din timp pentru a evita durerea\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/48755255f04ca013a3f33da792fe340b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Capcanele ascunse la trecerea la VDI: ce trebuie testat din timp pentru a evita durerea\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/8ce25607f36c61ec8b32b51b131e4e78.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Capcanele ascunse la trecerea la VDI: ce trebuie testat din timp pentru a evita durerea\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/17446420d14a3497a5e00e22dfdd3ed1.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nObserv\u0103m cum se comport\u0103 serverele \u0219i solu\u021bia de stocare. Va putea VDI s\u0103 creeze num\u0103rul necesar de locuri de munc\u0103 virtuale \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe. Deoarece clientul nu a optat pentru hipercoversionare \u0219i a ales o solu\u021bie de stocare flash, a fost necesar s\u0103 verific\u0103m corectitudinea dimension\u0103rii. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Capcanele ascunse la trecerea la VDI: ce trebuie testat din timp pentru a evita durerea\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/4a2cd1d00d4ee7692fea50f92799563b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Capcanele ascunse la trecerea la VDI: ce trebuie testat din timp pentru a evita durerea\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/3a7425597117a10d14d0798910d5a601.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Capcanele ascunse la trecerea la VDI: ce trebuie testat din timp pentru a evita durerea\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/dfc8ee90724b9a2e4dbfd27ba078b5f7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Capcanele ascunse la trecerea la VDI: ce trebuie testat din timp pentru a evita durerea\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/5ff0f6d31cafa9b0a004db8fa5039528.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Capcanele ascunse la trecerea la VDI: ce trebuie testat din timp pentru a evita durerea\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/d5927c20a064b567a68af9fa93f1d0da.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Capcanele ascunse la trecerea la VDI: ce trebuie testat din timp pentru a evita durerea\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/0657f599af242aeefa1b3b21f3529bbd.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPractic, dac\u0103 ceva se blocheaz\u0103 undeva, trebuie s\u0103 schimb\u0103m set\u0103rile fermei VDI, \u00een special distribu\u021bia resurselor \u00eentre utilizatori de diverse categorii. <\/p>\n<h3>Periferie<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te perifericele, exist\u0103 de obicei trei situa\u021bii:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Clientul spune pur \u0219i simplu c\u0103 nu conect\u0103m nimic (cu excep\u021bia c\u0103\u0219tilor, care de obicei sunt vizibile \u201edin cutie\u201d). \u00cen ultimii aproximativ cinci ani, am v\u0103zut foarte, foarte rar c\u0103\u0219ti care s\u0103 nu se fi conectat singure, care s\u0103 nu fi fost recunoscute de VMware. <\/li>\n<li>A doua abordare \u2014 lu\u0103m \u0219i, \u00een cadrul proiectului de implementare a VDI, schimb\u0103m perifericile: alegem produse testate de noi \u0219i acceptate de client. Aceasta este o situa\u021bie rar\u0103 din motive evidente. <\/li>\n<li>A treia abordare \u2014 conect\u0103m echipamentele existente. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDespre problema cu scanerele \u0219ti\u021bi deja: este necesar s\u0103 instala\u021bi un software intermediar pe sta\u021bia de lucru (client sub\u021bire), care prime\u0219te fluxul USB, comprim\u0103 imaginea \u0219i o trimite \u00een VDI. Datorit\u0103 unor particularit\u0103\u021bi, acest lucru nu este \u00eentotdeauna posibil: dac\u0103 pe clien\u021bii Windows (calculatoare personale \u0219i clien\u021bi sub\u021biri) totul merge bine, pentru versiunile *nix de obicei vendorul VDI suport\u0103 un anumit distribuabil specific \u0219i \u00eencep dansurile cu tamburul, la fel ca \u0219i pe clien\u021bii Mac. Dup\u0103 cuno\u0219tin\u021bele mele, pu\u021bini au conectat imprimante locale de la instal\u0103rile Linux astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 func\u021bioneze f\u0103r\u0103 apeluri constante la suport \u00een etapa de depanare. Dar este deja bine, cu ceva timp \u00een urm\u0103 \u2014 chiar \u0219i doar pentru a func\u021biona. <\/p>\n<p>Videoconferin\u021bele \u2014 to\u021bi clien\u021bii vor, mai devreme sau mai t\u00e2rziu, ca aceasta s\u0103 func\u021bioneze bine. Dac\u0103 ferma este proiectat\u0103 corect, func\u021bioneaz\u0103 bine; dac\u0103 nu, ne confrunt\u0103m cu situa\u021bia \u00een care, \u00een timpul unei audioconferin\u021be, cre\u0219te sarcina pe canal \u0219i, \u00een plus, apare problema c\u0103 imaginea se afi\u0219eaz\u0103 prost (full HD nu exist\u0103, fa\u021ba are 9\u201316 pixeli). Apare o \u00eent\u00e2rziere foarte mare atunci c\u00e2nd apare un loop \u00eentre client, sta\u021bia de lucru VDI, serverul VKS, de acolo un alt VDI \u0219i un alt client. Este corect s\u0103 ne conect\u0103m direct de la client la serverul VKS, ceea ce necesit\u0103 instalarea unei componente suplimentare. <\/p>\n<p>USB-urile \u2014 cu acestea nu sunt deloc probleme, cardurile inteligente \u0219i altele asemenea, totul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 din cutie. Dificult\u0103\u021bi pot ap\u0103rea cu scanerele de coduri de bare, imprimantele de etichete, ma\u0219inile (da, a fost \u0219i a\u0219a), casele de marcat. Dar totul se rezolv\u0103. Cu nuan\u021be \u0219i nu f\u0103r\u0103 surprize, dar, \u00een final, se rezolv\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2nd utilizatorul vizioneaz\u0103 YouTube de pe sta\u021bia VDI \u2014 aceasta este cea mai proast\u0103 situa\u021bie at\u00e2t pentru sarcin\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru canal. Majoritatea solu\u021biilor ofer\u0103 redirec\u021bionarea video HTML5. Fi\u0219ierul comprimat este transmis clientului, acolo se afi\u0219eaz\u0103. Sau clientului i se transmite un link pentru o conexiune direct\u0103 \u00eentre browser \u0219i platforma de video (aceasta este mai rar). <\/p>\n<h3>Securitate<\/h3>\n<p>\nSecuritatea de obicei apare la \u00eembin\u0103rile componentelor \u0219i pe dispozitivele clientului. La \u00eembin\u0103rile dintr-o ecosistem\u0103, pe h\u00e2rtie, totul ar trebui s\u0103 func\u021bioneze bine. \u00cen practic\u0103, acest lucru se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een aproximativ 90% din cazuri, \u0219i totu\u0219i trebuie s\u0103 se finalizeze ceva. \u00cen ultimii ani, o alt\u0103 achizi\u021bie foarte util\u0103 a fost VMware - au integrat \u00een ecosistem MDM pentru gestionarea dispozitivelor din cadrul companiei. Recent, VMware a lansat ni\u0219te load balancers interesante (fosta Avi Networks), care permit rezolvarea problemei distribu\u021biei fluxurilor, la un an dup\u0103 livrarea VDI, de exemplu. O alt\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 specific\u0103 VMware este optimizarea bun\u0103 a sucursalelor, datorit\u0103 achizi\u021biei lor recente, c\u00e2nd au cump\u0103rat compania VeloCloud, care realizeaz\u0103 SD-WAN pentru re\u021belele de sucursale.<\/p>\n<p>Din perspectiva utilizatorului final, arhitectura \u0219i furnizorul sunt aproape invizibili. Ce este important la nivel global este c\u0103 exist\u0103 un client pentru orice dispozitiv; de pe tablet\u0103, Mac, sau client sub\u021bire Windows te po\u021bi conecta. Au existat clien\u021bi chiar \u0219i pentru televizoare, dar acum, din fericire, nu mai sunt. <\/p>\n<p>Caracteristica VDI-urilor \u00een prezent este c\u0103 utilizatorul final acas\u0103 pur \u0219i simplu nu are computer. De multe ori exist\u0103 o tablet\u0103 Android slab\u0103 (uneori chiar cu mouse sau tastatur\u0103), sau poate chiar ai norocul s\u0103 prime\u0219ti un computer cu Windows XP. Care, dup\u0103 cum \u00ee\u021bi po\u021bi imagina, nu a mai fost actualizat de mult timp. \u0218i nu se va mai actualiza niciodat\u0103. Sau ma\u0219ini foarte slabe, unde clientul nu se instaleaz\u0103, aplica\u021biile nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103, iar utilizatorul nu poate lucra. Din fericire, chiar \u0219i dispozitivele foarte slabe sunt potrivite (nu \u00eentotdeauna confortabil, dar sunt potrivite), \u0219i aceasta este considerat\u0103 o mare plus pentru VDI. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te securitatea - trebuie testat\u0103 compromiterea sistemelor clientului. Se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 destul de des. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen lumina recomand\u0103rilor Rospotrebnadzor privind organizarea muncii \u00eentreprinderilor \u00een condi\u021bii de risc COVID-19, conectarea la locurile lor de munc\u0103 din birou este foarte relevant\u0103. Se pare c\u0103 aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie va dura mult, iar da, dac\u0103 te-ai g\u00e2ndit la VDI - po\u021bi \u00eencepe s\u0103 testezi. Va fi util. Recomand\u0103rile sunt disponibile <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rospotrebnadzor.ru\/files\/news\/KORONOVIRUS\/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9.pdf\">aici<\/a><\/noindex>, explica\u021bii <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/xn--80aesfpebagmfblc0a.xn--p1ai\/ai\/doc\/241\/attach\/rekomendacii_po_rabote_organizacij.pdf\">aici<\/a><\/noindex>. Este important c\u0103, cu ajutorul VDI, se pot adapta \u00eenc\u0103perile pentru a respecta cerin\u021bele. Regulatorul introduce anumite norme de distan\u021bare. De exemplu, \u00eentr-un birou de 50 mp nu pot fi mai mult de cinci angaja\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 ai \u00eentreb\u0103ri despre VDI care nu sunt pentru comentarii, iat\u0103 adresa mea de email: SSkryl@croc.ru.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/croc\/blog\/508750\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0441 VDI-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439? \u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e: \u043e\u043d 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\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0444\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0430\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443? \u041f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":87006,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87005","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All 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