{"id":87364,"date":"2020-07-07T13:42:29","date_gmt":"2020-07-07T11:42:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nastraivaem-drbd-dlya-replikaczii-hranilishha-na-dva-centos-7-servera"},"modified":"2020-07-07T13:42:29","modified_gmt":"2020-07-07T11:42:29","slug":"nastraivaem-drbd-dlya-replikaczii-hranilishha-na-dva-centos-7-servera","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nastraivaem-drbd-dlya-replikaczii-hranilishha-na-dva-centos-7-servera","title":{"rendered":"Configur\u0103m DRBD pentru replicarea stoc\u0103rii pe dou\u0103 servere CentOS 7","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><i>Articolul este tradus \u00een cadrul preg\u0103tirii pentru lansarea cursului <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/17x7\/\">\u201eAdministrator Linux. Virtualizare \u0219i clusterizare\u201d<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p>\nDRBD (Dispozitiv bloc replicat distribuit \u2014 Distributed Replicated Block Device) este o solu\u021bie flexibil\u0103 \u0219i versatil\u0103 de stocare a datelor pentru Linux, care permite replicarea con\u021binutului dispozitivelor de bloc, cum ar fi hard disk-uri, parti\u021bii, volume logice etc., \u00eentre servere. Acesta creeaz\u0103 copii ale datelor pe dou\u0103 dispozitive de stocare, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t, \u00een cazul unei defec\u021biuni a unuia dintre acestea, datele de pe cel\u0103lalt s\u0103 poat\u0103 fi utilizate.<\/p>\n<p>Se poate spune c\u0103 este ceva de genul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/create-raid1-in-linux\/\">configura\u021biei RAID<\/a><\/noindex> 1 cu discuri replicate pe servere diferite. Totu\u0219i, nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 deloc ca RAID (chiar \u0219i cel de tip re\u021bea).<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Ini\u021bial, DRBD a fost utilizat \u00een principal \u00een clustere de calcul cu mare disponibilitate (HA \u2014 high availability), \u00eens\u0103, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu versiunea a noua, poate fi folosit pentru implementarea solu\u021biilor de stocare \u00een cloud.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest articol, vom ar\u0103ta cum s\u0103 instal\u0103m DRBD pe CentOS \u0219i vom demonstra pe scurt cum s\u0103-l utiliz\u0103m pentru replicarea stoc\u0103rii (parti\u021biei) pe dou\u0103 servere. Acesta este articolul ideal pentru a \u00eencepe lucrul cu DRBD \u00een Linux.<\/p>\n<h3>Mediu de testare<\/h3>\n<p>\nVom folosi un cluster format din dou\u0103 noduri pentru aceast\u0103 configura\u021bie.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nodul 1: 192.168.56.101 \u2013 tecmint.tecmint.lan<\/li>\n<li>Nodul 2: 192.168.56.102 \u2013 server1.tecmint.lan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Pasul 1: Instalarea pachetelor DRBD<\/h4>\n<p>\nDRBD este implementat ca un modul al nucleului Linux. Acesta func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca un driver pentru un dispozitiv bloc virtual, a\u0219adar se afl\u0103 la baza stivei de intrare-ie\u0219ire a sistemului.<\/p>\n<p>DRBD poate fi instalat din ELRepo sau EPEL. S\u0103 \u00eencepem cu importarea cheii de semnare a pachetului ELRepo \u0219i conectarea la repository pe ambele noduri, a\u0219a cum este indicat mai jos.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># rpm --import https:\/\/www.elrepo.org\/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org\n# rpm -Uvh http:\/\/www.elrepo.org\/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Apoi, trebuie s\u0103 instala\u021bi modulul nucleului DRBD \u0219i utilitarele pe ambele noduri folosind:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># yum install -y kmod-drbd84 drbd84-utils<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDac\u0103 ave\u021bi SELinux activat, va trebui s\u0103 configura\u021bi politicile pentru a elibera procesele DRBD de sub controlul SELinux.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># semanage permissive -a drbd_t\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u00cen plus, dac\u0103 \u00een sistemul vostru ruleaz\u0103 un firewall (firewalld), va trebui s\u0103 ad\u0103uga\u021bi portul DRBD 7789 pentru a permite sincronizarea datelor \u00eentre cele dou\u0103 noduri.<\/p>\n<p>Rula\u021bi aceste comenzi pentru primul nod:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule='rule family=&quot;ipv4&quot;  source address=&quot;192.168.56.102&quot; port port=&quot;7789&quot; protocol=&quot;tcp&quot; accept'\n# firewall-cmd --reload<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nApoi, rula\u021bi aceste comenzi pentru al doilea nod:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule='rule family=&quot;ipv4&quot; source address=&quot;192.168.56.101&quot; port port=&quot;7789&quot; protocol=&quot;tcp&quot; accept'\n# firewall-cmd --reload<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Pasul 2. Preg\u0103tirea stoc\u0103rii de nivel inferios<\/h4>\n<p>\nAcum c\u0103 avem DRBD instalat pe ambele noduri ale clusterei, trebuie s\u0103 preg\u0103tim volume de stocare de aproximativ aceea\u0219i dimensiune. Acestea pot fi o parti\u021bie de hard disk (sau un \u00eentreg hard disk fizic), un dispozitiv RAID software, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/create-lvm-storage-in-linux\/\">un volum logic LVM<\/a><\/noindex> sau orice alt tip de dispozitiv de bloc aflat \u00een sistemul dumneavoastr\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru acest articol, vom crea un dispozitiv de bloc de test cu o dimensiune de 2 GB folosind comanda dd.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># dd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/dev\/sdb1 bs=2024k count=1024<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nS\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 aceasta este o parti\u021bie neutilizat\u0103 (\/dev\/sdb1) pe al doilea dispozitiv de bloc (\/dev\/sdb), conectat la ambele noduri.<\/p>\n<h4>Pasul 3. Configurarea DRBD<\/h4>\n<p>\nFi\u0219ierul principal de configurare DRBD este <code>\/etc\/drbd.conf<\/code>, iar fi\u0219ierele de configurare suplimentare pot fi g\u0103site \u00een directorul <code>\/etc\/drbd.d<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a replica stocarea, trebuie s\u0103 ad\u0103ug\u0103m configura\u021biile necesare \u00een fi\u0219ierul <code>\/etc\/drbd.d\/global_common.conf<\/code>, care con\u021bine sec\u021biuni globale \u0219i comune de configurare DRBD, iar resursele trebuie definite \u00een <code>.res<\/code> fi\u0219iere.<\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 facem o copie de rezerv\u0103 a fi\u0219ierului original pe ambele noduri, apoi s\u0103 deschidem un fi\u0219ier nou pentru editare (folosi\u021bi editorul de text preferat).<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># mv \/etc\/drbd.d\/global_common.conf \/etc\/drbd.d\/global_common.conf.orig\n# vim \/etc\/drbd.d\/global_common.conf <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAd\u0103uga\u021bi \u00een ambele fi\u0219iere urm\u0103toarele linii:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">global {\n usage-count  yes;\n}\ncommon {\n net {\n  protocol C;\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nSalva\u021bi fi\u0219ierul, apoi \u00eenchide\u021bi editorul.<\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 ne oprim pu\u021bin asupra liniei protocol C. DRBD suport\u0103 trei moduri diferite de replicare (adic\u0103 trei niveluri de sincronicitate a replic\u0103rii), \u0219i anume:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>protocol A: protocol de replicare asincron\u0103; cel mai adesea folosit \u00een scenarii de replicare pe distan\u021be mari.<\/li>\n<li>protocol B: protocol de replicare semi-sincron\u0103 sau protocol de memorie sincron\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>protocol C: folosit de obicei pentru noduri \u00een re\u021bele cu distan\u021be mici; acesta este, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, cel mai frecvent utilizat protocol de replicare \u00een configura\u021biile DRBD.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Este important<\/b>: <i>Alegerea protocolului de replicare influen\u021beaz\u0103 dou\u0103 factori de desf\u0103\u0219urare: protec\u021bia \u0219i \u00eent\u00e2rzierea. L\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103, pe de alt\u0103 parte, nu depinde semnificativ de protocolul de replicare ales.<\/i><\/p>\n<h4>Pasul 4. Ad\u0103ugarea resursei<\/h4>\n<p>\nResursa (Resource) este un termen general care se refer\u0103 la toate aspectele unui set specific de date replicabile. Vom defini resursa noastr\u0103 \u00een fi\u0219ierul <code>\/etc\/drbd.d\/test.res<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0103uga\u021bi urm\u0103toarele \u00een fi\u0219ierul de pe ambele noduri (nu uita\u021bi s\u0103 \u00eenlocui\u021bi variabilele cu valori reale pentru mediu dumneavoastr\u0103).<\/p>\n<p>V\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 acorda\u021bi aten\u021bie numelui gazdelor, trebuie s\u0103 specific\u0103m numele de re\u021bea al gazdelor, care poate fi ob\u021binut folosind comanda uname <code>-n<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">resource test {\n        on tecmint.tecmint.lan {\n \t\tdevice \/dev\/drbd0;\n       \t\tdisk \/dev\/sdb1;\n        \t\tmeta-disk internal;\t\n                \taddress 192.168.56.101:7789;\n        }\n        on server1.tecmint.lan  {\n\t\tdevice \/dev\/drbd0;\n        \t\tdisk \/dev\/sdb1;\n        \t\tmeta-disk internal;\n                \taddress 192.168.56.102:7789;\n        }\n}\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nunde:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>pe numele gazdei<\/i>: sec\u021biunea on, la care se refer\u0103 operatorul de configurare \u00eencorporat.<\/li>\n<li><i>test<\/i>: acesta este numele noului resurs.<\/li>\n<li><i>device \/dev\/drbd0<\/i>: indic\u0103 un nou dispozitiv de bloc virtual gestionat de DRBD.<\/li>\n<li><i>disk \/dev\/sdb1<\/i>: acesta este part\u021bia de bloc care este dispozitivul de rezerv\u0103 pentru dispozitivul DRBD.<\/li>\n<li><i>meta-disk<\/i>: define\u0219te unde DRBD stocheaz\u0103 metadatele sale. Internal \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 DRBD \u00ee\u0219i stocheaz\u0103 metadatele pe acela\u0219i dispozitiv fizic la nivel sc\u0103zut ca \u0219i datele reale din produc\u021bie.<\/li>\n<li><i>address<\/i>: indic\u0103 adresa IP \u0219i num\u0103rul portului nodului corespunz\u0103tor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDe asemenea, re\u021bine\u021bi c\u0103 dac\u0103 pe ambele gazde parametrii au valori identice, le pute\u021bi specifica direct \u00een sec\u021biunea de resurse.<\/p>\n<p>De exemplu, configura\u021bia de mai sus poate fi restructurat\u0103 \u00een:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">resource test {\n\tdevice \/dev\/drbd0;\n\tdisk \/dev\/sdb1;\n        \tmeta-disk internal;\t\n        \ton tecmint.tecmint.lan {\n \t\taddress 192.168.56.101:7789;\n        \t}\n        \ton server1.tecmint.lan  {\n\t\taddress 192.168.56.102:7789;\n        \t\t}\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Pasul 5. Ini\u021bializarea \u0219i pornirea resursei<\/h4>\n<p>\nPentru a interac\u021biona cu DRBD, vom folosi urm\u0103toarele instrumente de administrare (care interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu modulul kernel pentru configurarea \u0219i administrarea resurselor DRBD):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>drbdadm<\/i>: instrument de administrare la un nivel \u00eenalt pentru DRBD.<\/li>\n<li><i>drbdsetup<\/i>: instrument de administrare la un nivel mai sc\u0103zut pentru a conecta dispozitivele DRBD la dispozitivele lor de rezerv\u0103, configurarea perechilor de dispozitive DRBD pentru a reflecta dispozitivele lor de rezerv\u0103 \u0219i pentru a verifica configura\u021bia dispozitivelor DRBD aflate \u00een func\u021biune.<\/li>\n<li><i>Drbdmeta<\/i>: instrument de gestionare a metadatelor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDup\u0103 ad\u0103ugarea tuturor configura\u021biilor ini\u021biale ale resursei, trebuie s\u0103 activ\u0103m resursa pe ambele noduri.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># drbdadm create-md test<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Configur\u0103m DRBD pentru replicarea stoc\u0103rii pe dou\u0103 servere CentOS 7\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/cf084d17f60a125225f2b75668515d4f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Ini\u021bializarea stoc\u0103rii metadatelor<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Apoi, trebuie s\u0103 o pornim, ceea ce va conecta resursa la dispozitivul s\u0103u de rezerv\u0103, apoi va stabili parametrii de replicare \u0219i va conecta resursa la perechea sa:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># drbdadm up test<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAcum, dac\u0103 rula\u021bi comanda <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/commands-to-collect-system-and-hardware-information-in-linux\/\">lsblk<\/a><\/noindex>, ve\u021bi observa c\u0103 dispozitivul \/ volum DRBD drbd0 este legat de dispozitivul de rezerv\u0103 <code>\/dev\/sdb1<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># lsblk<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Configur\u0103m DRBD pentru replicarea stoc\u0103rii pe dou\u0103 servere CentOS 7\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/afb0be2e739c3ce71a556e78c8a55f07.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Lista dispozitivelor de bloc<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Pentru a dezactiva resursa, rula\u021bi:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># drbdadm down test<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPentru a verifica starea resursei, rula\u021bi urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103 (re\u021bine\u021bi c\u0103 \u00een acest moment se a\u0219teapt\u0103 starea discurilor <i>Inconsistent\/Inconsistent<\/i>):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># drbdadm status test\nOR\n# drbdsetup status test --verbose --statistics \t#for  a more detailed status<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Configur\u0103m DRBD pentru replicarea stoc\u0103rii pe dou\u0103 servere CentOS 7\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/a45da69bfbc4199ef263359b623fdd05.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Verificarea st\u0103rii resursei pe<br \/>\nsisteme<\/i><\/p>\n<h4>Pasul 6: Instalarea resursei principale\/surs\u0103 pentru sincronizarea ini\u021bial\u0103 a dispozitivelor<\/h4>\n<p>\n\u00cen acest moment, DRBD este deja preg\u0103tit pentru utilizare. Acum trebuie s\u0103 specific\u0103m ce nod s\u0103 folosim ca surs\u0103 pentru sincronizarea ini\u021bial\u0103 a dispozitivelor.<\/p>\n<p>Rula\u021bi urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103 doar pe un singur nod pentru a \u00eencepe sincronizarea complet\u0103 ini\u021bial\u0103:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># drbdadm primary --force test\n# drbdadm status test<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Configur\u0103m DRBD pentru replicarea stoc\u0103rii pe dou\u0103 servere CentOS 7\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6505d6350609e03da02f30eeafecd72c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Setarea nodului principal ca dispozitiv ini\u021bial<\/i><br \/>\nDup\u0103 finalizarea sincroniz\u0103rii, starea ambelor discuri ar trebui s\u0103 fie UpToDate.<\/p>\n<h4>Pasul 7: Testarea configura\u021biei DRBD <\/h4>\n<p>\n\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 verific\u0103m dac\u0103 dispozitivul DRBD va func\u021biona a\u0219a cum trebuie pentru stocarea datelor replicabile. Re\u021bine\u021bi c\u0103 am folosit un volum de disc gol, a\u0219a c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 cre\u0103m un sistem de fi\u0219iere pe dispozitiv \u0219i s\u0103-l mont\u0103m pentru a verifica dac\u0103 putem s\u0103-l utiliz\u0103m pentru stocarea datelor replicabile.<\/p>\n<p>Trebuie s\u0103 cre\u0103m un sistem de fi\u0219iere pe dispozitiv folosind urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103 pe nodul de pe care am \u00eenceput sincronizarea complet\u0103 ini\u021bial\u0103 (pe care exist\u0103 resursa cu rol principal):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># mkfs -t ext4 \/dev\/drbd0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Configur\u0103m DRBD pentru replicarea stoc\u0103rii pe dou\u0103 servere CentOS 7\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/32c9ac65a06993e58d9ce3b568fadca1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Cre\u0103m un sistem de fi\u0219iere pe volumul Drbd<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Apoi monta\u021bi-l a\u0219a cum este ar\u0103tat (pute\u021bi da punctului de montare un nume adecvat):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># mkdir -p \/mnt\/DRDB_PRI\/\n# mount \/dev\/drbd0 \/mnt\/DRDB_PRI\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAcum copia\u021bi sau crea\u021bi c\u00e2teva fi\u0219iere \u00een punctul de montare specificat mai sus \u0219i face\u021bi o list\u0103 lung\u0103 cu ajutorul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/tag\/linux-ls-command\/\">comenzii ls<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># cd \/mnt\/DRDB_PRI\/\n# ls -l <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Configur\u0103m DRBD pentru replicarea stoc\u0103rii pe dou\u0103 servere CentOS 7\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/a32321e2b5c587215dc06d2b3960a4bc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Afi\u0219a\u021bi lista con\u021binutului volumului principal Drbd<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Apoi dezmonta\u021bi dispozitivul (asigura\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 montarea nu este deschis\u0103, schimba\u021bi directorul dup\u0103 dezmontare pentru a evita erorile) \u0219i schimba\u021bi rolul nodului de la principal la secundar:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># umount \/mnt\/DRDB_PRI\/\n# cd\n# drbdadm secondary test<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nCel\u0103lalt nod (pe care exist\u0103 resursa cu rol secundar) face\u021bi-l principal, apoi conecta\u021bi-l la dispozitiv \u0219i rula\u021bi o list\u0103 lung\u0103 a punctelor de montare. Dac\u0103 configura\u021bia func\u021bioneaz\u0103 bine, toate fi\u0219ierele stocate pe volum ar trebui s\u0103 fie acolo:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># drbdadm primary test\n# mkdir -p \/mnt\/DRDB_SEC\/\n# mount \/dev\/drbd0 \/mnt\/DRDB_SEC\/\n# cd \/mnt\/DRDB_SEC\/\n# ls  -l <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Configur\u0103m DRBD pentru replicarea stoc\u0103rii pe dou\u0103 servere CentOS 7\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/c54d7754a01987765a19b5bde95fc555.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Verificarea configura\u021biei DRBD care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe nodul secundar.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Pentru informa\u021bii suplimentare, consulta\u021bi paginile de ajutor ale uneltelor de administrare:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># man drbdadm\n# man drbdsetup\n# man drbdmeta<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nInforma\u021bii utile: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.linbit.com\/docs\/users-guide-8.4\/\">Ghidul utilizatorului DRBD<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h4>Rezumat<\/h4>\n<p>\nDRBD este extrem de flexibil \u0219i versatil, f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-l o solu\u021bie pentru replicarea stoc\u0103rii, potrivit\u0103 pentru ad\u0103ugarea HA \u00een aproape orice aplica\u021bie. \u00cen acest articol, am ar\u0103tat cum s\u0103 instal\u0103m DRBD pe CentOS 7 \u0219i am demonstrat succint cum s\u0103-l folosim pentru replicarea stoc\u0103rii. Nu ezita\u021bi s\u0103 ne \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219i\u021bi g\u00e2ndurile voastre prin formularul de feedback de mai jos.<\/p>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/17x7\/\">Afl\u0103 mai multe despre curs.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/509710\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00ab\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 Linux. \u0412\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u00bb. DRBD (Distributed Replicated Block Device \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f Linux. \u041e\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b, \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0442.\u0434. \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":87365,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00ab\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 Linux.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta 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