{"id":88905,"date":"2020-07-16T07:42:06","date_gmt":"2020-07-16T05:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu"},"modified":"2020-07-16T07:42:06","modified_gmt":"2020-07-16T05:42:06","slug":"apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","title":{"rendered":"Apache & Nginx. Legate printr-un lan\u021b","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Cum este implementat\u0103 leg\u0103tura Apache & Nginx \u00een Timeweb<\/i><\/p>\n

Pentru multe companii, combina\u021bia Nginx + Apache + PHP este foarte comun\u0103 \u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103, iar Timeweb nu face excep\u021bie. Cu toate acestea, a \u00een\u021belege cum este implementat\u0103 poate fi curios \u0219i util. <\/p>\n

\"Apache
\n
\nUtilizarea unei astfel de combina\u021bii este, desigur, dictat\u0103 de nevoile clien\u021bilor no\u0219tri. At\u00e2t Nginx c\u00e2t \u0219i Apache joac\u0103 un rol special, fiecare \u00eendeplinind o anumit\u0103 sarcin\u0103.<\/p>\n

Set\u0103rile principale Apache<\/b> se efectueaz\u0103 \u00een fi\u0219ierele de configurare ale Apache-ului \u00een sine, iar set\u0103rile pentru site-urile clien\u021bilor se realizeaz\u0103 prin fi\u0219ierul .htaccess<\/b>. .htaccess este un fi\u0219ier de configurare \u00een care clientul poate, de sine st\u0103t\u0103tor, s\u0103 configureze regulile \u0219i comportamentul serverului web. Aceast\u0103 configurare se va referi specific la site-ul s\u0103u. De exemplu, datorit\u0103 func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii Apache, utilizatorii pot schimba modul de lucru \u00een cadrul acelea\u0219i versiuni PHP de la mod_php la mod_cgi; se pot configura redirec\u021bion\u0103ri, optimiz\u0103ri pentru SEO, URL-uri prietenoase, unele limite pentru PHP.<\/p>\n

Nginx<\/b> este utilizat ca proxy pentru redirec\u021bionarea traficului c\u0103tre Apache \u0219i ca server web<\/a> pentru livrarea con\u021binutului static. De asemenea, pentru Nginx am dezvoltat module de securitate care permit protejarea datelor utilizatorilor no\u0219tri, de exemplu, separarea drepturilor de acces. <\/p>\n

S\u0103 ne imagin\u0103m c\u0103 un utilizator acceseaz\u0103 site-ul clientului nostru. Mai \u00eent\u00e2i, utilizatorul ajunge la Nginx, care livra con\u021binutul static. Aceasta se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 instantaneu. Apoi, c\u00e2nd este vorba de \u00eenc\u0103rcarea PHP, Nginx redirec\u021bioneaz\u0103 cererea c\u0103tre Apache. Iar Apache, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu PHP, genereaz\u0103 con\u021binut dinamic.<\/p>\n

Caracteristicile leg\u0103turii Apache & Nginx \u00een Timeweb <\/h3>\n

\nPe g\u0103zduirea noastr\u0103 virtual\u0103 sunt implementate 2 scheme principale de func\u021bionare pentru Apache & Nginx: Shared \u0219i Dedicated<\/b>.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nSchema Shared<\/b><\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 schem\u0103 este utilizat\u0103 de majoritatea utilizatorilor. Se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin simplitate \u0219i consum redus de resurse: schema Shared folose\u0219te mai pu\u021bine resurse, a\u0219a c\u0103 tariful s\u0103u este mai mic. Conform acestei scheme, pe server este activ un singur Nginx, care permite gestionarea tuturor cererilor utilizatorilor, \u0219i mai multe instan\u021be Apache.<\/p>\n

Schema Shared a fost perfec\u021bionat\u0103 pe o perioad\u0103 lung\u0103: treptat, am corectat defectele. Este convenabil c\u0103 se poate realiza f\u0103r\u0103 a fi necesar\u0103 modificarea codului surs\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nschema Shared <\/i><\/p>\n

Schema Dedicated<\/b><\/p>\n

Dedicated necesit\u0103 mai multe resurse, a\u0219a c\u0103 tariful s\u0103u este mai mare pentru clien\u021bi. \u00cen schema Dedicated, pentru fiecare client se ridic\u0103 un Apache separat. Resursele sunt rezervate exclusiv pentru client. Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103: pe server exist\u0103 mai multe versiuni PHP. Sus\u021binem versiunile 5.3, 5.4, 5.6, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4. Astfel, pentru fiecare versiune PHP se lanseaz\u0103 un Apache propriu.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nschema Dedicated<\/i><\/p>\n

Zona sigur\u0103. Configurarea zonelor \u00een Nginx<\/h3>\n

\nAnterior, pentru Nginx foloseam multe zone de memorie partajat\u0103 (zone) - un bloc server pentru fiecare domeniu. Aceast\u0103 configurare necesit\u0103 multe resurse, deoarece pentru fiecare site se creeaz\u0103 o zon\u0103 separat\u0103. Totu\u0219i, \u00een set\u0103rile Nginx, majoritatea site-urilor sunt asem\u0103n\u0103toare, prin urmare reu\u0219im s\u0103 le plas\u0103m \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 zon\u0103 datorit\u0103 utiliz\u0103rii directivelor map \u00een modul ngx_http_map_module<\/b>, care permit stabilirea coresponden\u021belor. De exemplu, avem un \u0219ablon de zon\u0103 \u00een care trebuie s\u0103 furniz\u0103m variabile: calea c\u0103tre site, versiunea PHP, utilizatorul. Astfel, a fost accelerat re\u00eenc\u0103rcarea configura\u021biei Nginx, adic\u0103 reload.<\/p>\n

O astfel de configura\u021bie a economisit considerabil resursele de memorie RAM \u0219i a accelerat func\u021bionarea Nginx.<\/p>\n

Reloadul nu va trece! <\/h3>\n

\n\u00cen schema Shared, ne-am eliberat de necesitatea re\u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii (reload) Apache-ului la modific\u0103rile din set\u0103rile site-urilor. Anterior, c\u00e2nd un client dorea s\u0103 adauge un domeniu sau s\u0103 schimbe versiunea PHP, era necesar\u0103 o re\u00eenc\u0103rcare obligatorie a Apache-ului, ceea ce ducea la \u00eent\u00e2rzieri \u00een r\u0103spunsuri \u0219i afecteaz\u0103 negativ performan\u021ba site-urilor.<\/p>\n

Ne-am eliberat de reload-uri prin crearea de configura\u021bii dinamice. Datorit\u0103 mpm-itk<\/a><\/noindex> (modul Apache), fiecare proces ruleaz\u0103 de la un utilizator separat, ceea ce cre\u0219te nivelul de securitate. Aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 permite transmiterea datelor despre utilizator \u0219i document_root-ul s\u0103u din Nginx \u00een Apache2. Astfel, Apache nu con\u021bine configura\u021bii ale site-urilor, le ob\u021bine dinamic, iar reload-urile nu mai sunt necesare.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nConfigura\u021bia schemei Shared<\/i> <\/p>\n

Dar ce zici de Docker?<\/h3>\n

\nMulte companii au trecut la un sistem bazat pe containere. Timeweb examineaz\u0103 acum posibilitatea unei astfel de tranzi\u021bii. Desigur, \u00een fiecare solu\u021bie exist\u0103 avantaje \u0219i dezavantaje. <\/p>\n

Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 avantajele incontestabile, un sistem pe baz\u0103 de containere ofer\u0103 utilizatorului resurse mai limitate. La Timeweb, datorit\u0103 schemei de func\u021bionare a g\u0103zduirii, utilizatorul nu are limit\u0103ri privind memoria RAM. Acesta prime\u0219te mai multe resurse dec\u00e2t \u00een containere. \u00cen plus, utilizatorul poate \u00eenc\u0103rca mai multe module Apache.<\/p>\n

Timeweb sus\u021bine func\u021bionarea a aproximativ 500.000 de site-uri. Ne asum\u0103m o mare responsabilitate \u0219i nu facem modific\u0103ri instantanee \u0219i nejustificate \u00een arhitectura complex\u0103. Leg\u0103tura Apache & Nginx este fiabil\u0103 \u0219i testat\u0103 de timp. De asemenea, ne str\u0103duim s\u0103 atingem o performan\u021b\u0103 maxim\u0103 prin configura\u021bii unice.<\/p>\n

Pentru func\u021bionarea rapid\u0103 \u0219i de calitate a unui num\u0103r mare de site-uri, se impune utilizarea unei configura\u021bii model \u0219i dinamice pentru Apache \u0219i Nginx. Aceasta permite administrarea rapid\u0103 \u0219i eficient\u0103 a unui num\u0103r mare de servere de acela\u0219i tip.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 Apache & Nginx \u0432 Timeweb \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 Nginx + Apache + PHP \u2014 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430, \u0438 Timeweb \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0418 Nginx \u0438 Apache \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":88906,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-88905","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Apache & Nginx. Legate printr-o singur\u0103 linie | ProHoster","description":"Cum este realizat\u0103 leg\u0103tura Apache & Nginx \u00een Timeweb. Pentru multe companii, Nginx + Apache + PHP este o combina\u021bie foarte standardizat\u0103 \u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103, iar Timeweb nu face excep\u021bie.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Apache & Nginx. \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u044c\u044e | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041a\u0430\u043a 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