{"id":89145,"date":"2020-07-19T07:42:25","date_gmt":"2020-07-19T05:42:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ne-tolko-razmer-imeet-znachenie-ili-chto-nam-prines-novyj-protokol-nvme"},"modified":"2020-07-19T07:42:25","modified_gmt":"2020-07-19T05:42:25","slug":"ne-tolko-razmer-imeet-znachenie-ili-chto-nam-prines-novyj-protokol-nvme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ne-tolko-razmer-imeet-znachenie-ili-chto-nam-prines-novyj-protokol-nvme","title":{"rendered":"Nu doar dimensiunea conteaz\u0103 sau ce ne-a adus noul protocol NVMe","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

O poveste cunoscut\u0103. De fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd apar calculatoare mai puternice, c\u00e2nd performan\u021ba procesoarelor \u0219i capacitatea suporturilor de stocare cresc, iar utilizatorul oft\u00e2nd u\u0219urat spune: \u201eacum am suficiente resurse pentru tot\u201d, aproape imediat apar noi nevoi care solicit\u0103 \u0219i mai multe resurse, noi software-uri care de asemenea \u201enu se limiteaz\u0103 la nimic\u201d. O problem\u0103 etern\u0103. Un ciclu nesf\u00e2r\u0219it. \u0218i o c\u0103utare continu\u0103 a unor solu\u021bii inovatoare. Stocarea \u00een cloud, re\u021bele neuronale, inteligen\u021b\u0103 artificial\u0103 \u2014 este chiar greu de imaginat ce puteri colosale necesit\u0103 aceste tehnologii. Dar s\u0103 nu ne descuraj\u0103m, pentru c\u0103 pentru orice provocare se g\u0103se\u0219te, mai devreme sau mai t\u00e2rziu, o solu\u021bie.<\/p>\n

\"Nu<\/p>\n

Una dintre aceste solu\u021bii a fost protocolul NVM-express, care, dup\u0103 cum spun speciali\u0219tii, a revolu\u021bionat utilizarea memoriei flash non-volatil\u0103. Ce este, a\u0219adar, NVMe \u0219i ce avantaje a adus el cu sine?
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Viteza de operare a unui computer depinde, \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103, de rapiditatea cu care sunt citite datele de pe suporturi \u0219i de viteza de procesare a comenzilor. Indiferent c\u00e2t de performant\u0103 ar fi \u00een general sistemul de operare, totul poate fi dat peste cap de un hard disk obi\u0219nuit, care face ca programele s\u0103 se blocheze la deschidere sau s\u0103 \u201ereflecteze\u201d la \u00eendeplinirea sarcinilor complexe. S\u0103 nu mai vorbim de faptul c\u0103 HDD-urile \u0219i-au atins practic poten\u021bialul maxim de cre\u0219tere a capacit\u0103\u021bii de stocare \u0219i, din acest motiv, au devenit desuete. Un suport mecanic este \u0219i mai \u00eenvechit \u0219i \u00eencetine\u0219te dezvoltarea tehnologiilor informatice.<\/p>\n

\u0218i astfel, HDD-urile au fost \u00eenlocuite de SSD-uri \u2014 unit\u0103\u021bi de stocare solide, non-mecanice \u0219i non-volatile. Primele SSD-uri au ap\u0103rut pe pia\u021b\u0103 \u00een a doua jum\u0103tate a anilor 2000. Destul de repede, acestea au \u00eenceput s\u0103 concureze cu hard disk-urile \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te capacitatea. \u00cens\u0103, pentru a-\u0219i dezv\u0103lui pe deplin poten\u021bialul \u0219i avantajele \u00een termeni de vitez\u0103 \u0219i acces simultan la celule, a durat mult timp, deoarece Interfe\u021bele \u0219i protocoalele existente erau construite pe standarde vechi, destinate s\u0103 suporte HDD-uri prin interfe\u021be SATA \u0219i SCSI (SAS) chiar mai \u00eenvechite.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Urm\u0103toarea etap\u0103 \u00een valorificarea poten\u021bialului memoriei nem\u0103surate a fost trecerea la magistralele PCI-express. Totu\u0219i, p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci nu fuseser\u0103 dezvoltate noi standarde industriale. \u0218i astfel, \u00een 2012, au fost lansate primele computere care au implementat protocolul NVM-express.<\/p>\n

Este important s\u0103 subliniem c\u0103 NVMe nu este un dispozitiv \u0219i nici un interfa\u021b\u0103 de conectare. Este un protocol, mai exact \u2014 o specifica\u021bie a protocolului de schimb de date. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nDe aceea, expresia \u201estocare NVMe\u201d nu este complet corect\u0103, iar compara\u021bia de tip \u201eHDD \u2014 SSD \u2014 NVMe\u201d este absolut gre\u0219it\u0103 \u0219i \u00eei poate induce \u00een eroare pe utilizatorii care abia \u00eencep s\u0103 se familiarizeze cu subiectul. Este corect s\u0103 compari HDD-ul cu SSD-ul pe de o parte, SSD-ul conectat prin interfa\u021ba SATA (conform protocolului AHCI) \u0219i SSD-ul conectat prin magistrala PCI-express folosind protocolul NVM-express, pe de alt\u0103 parte. Compararea HDD-ului cu SSD-ul, probabil, nu mai intereseaz\u0103 pe nimeni. Toat\u0103 lumea \u00een\u021belege diferen\u021ba, iar avantajele celui din urm\u0103 sunt bine cunoscute. Totu\u0219i, merit\u0103 men\u021bionate c\u00e2teva (destul de evidente) avantaje. Comparativ cu hard disk-urile, unit\u0103\u021bile cu stare solid\u0103 au dimensiuni \u0219i greutate mai mici, sunt silen\u021bioase, iar absen\u021ba total\u0103 a componentelor mecanice le face mult mai rezistente la deterior\u0103ri (de exemplu, \u00een cazul unei c\u0103deri) \u0219i chiar le cre\u0219te durata de via\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

Compara\u021bia \u00eentre capabilit\u0103\u021bile SSD-urilor pe o magistral\u0103 veche \u0219i un protocol vechi \u0219i SSD-uri pe magistrala PCIe cu protocolul NVMe prezint\u0103, \u00een mod cert, un mult mai mare interes \u0219i va fi util tuturor celor care doresc s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 la curent cu nout\u0103\u021bile, celor care inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 cumpere un nou computer \u0219i chiar celor care caut\u0103, de exemplu, cel mai bun hosting.<\/p>\n

Interfa\u021ba SATA, a\u0219a cum s-a men\u021bionat anterior, a fost creat\u0103 pentru hard disk-uri, a c\u0103ror capete pot accesa fizic doar un singur celul\u0103 simultan. Nimic surprinz\u0103tor, a\u0219adar, \u00een faptul c\u0103 dispozitivele SATA au doar un singur canal. Pentru SSD-uri, aceasta este o limitare semnificativ\u0103, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 unul dintre avantajele lor este suportul pentru fluxuri paralele. Controlerul SSD gestioneaz\u0103, de asemenea, pozi\u021bionarea ini\u021bial\u0103, ceea ce reprezint\u0103 un alt avantaj important. Magistrala PCI-express asigur\u0103 func\u021bionarea multipl\u0103, iar protocolul NVMe valorific\u0103 acest avantaj. Ca rezultat, datele stocate pe unit\u0103\u021bile cu stare solid\u0103 sunt transmise prin 65.536 de cozi de gestionare paralele, fiecare put\u00e2nd con\u021bine simultan mai mult de 65.536 de comenzi. Comparativ: SATA \u0219i SCSI pot utiliza doar o singur\u0103 coad\u0103, sus\u021bin\u00e2nd p\u00e2n\u0103 la 32, respectiv 254 de comenzi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00cen plus, vechile interfe\u021be pentru executarea fiec\u0103rei comenzi necesit\u0103 dou\u0103 apeluri la memoria RAM, \u00een timp ce NVMe reu\u0219e\u0219te s\u0103 fac\u0103 acest lucru dintr-o singur\u0103 dat\u0103.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Al treilea avantaj semnificativ este gestionarea \u00eentreruperilor. Protocolul NVMe a fost dezvoltat pentru platforme moderne care utilizeaz\u0103 procesoare multicore. Prin urmare, acesta include paralelismul \u00een procesarea fluxurilor \u0219i un mecanism optimizat pentru gestionarea cozii \u0219i a \u00eentreruperilor, ceea ce permite ob\u021binerea unui nivel mai \u00eenalt de performan\u021b\u0103. Cu alte cuvinte, atunci c\u00e2nd apare o comand\u0103 cu prioritate mai mare, execu\u021bia acesteia \u00eencepe mai repede.<\/p>\n

Numeroase teste efectuate de diverse organiza\u021bii \u0219i exper\u021bi demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 viteza de operare a SSD-urilor NVMe este \u00een medie de 5 ori mai mare dec\u00e2t cea a SSD-urilor conectate prin vechile interfe\u021be.<\/p>\n

Acum, s\u0103 discut\u0103m despre accesibilitatea SSD-urilor implementate pe PCIe cu protocol NVMe. Aici nu se vorbe\u0219te doar de costuri. Pre\u021bul unei astfel de implement\u0103ri este \u00eenc\u0103 semnificativ mai mare, de\u0219i pre\u021burile pentru componentele de calcul sunt cunoscute c\u0103 sunt ridicate doar la \u00eenceputul v\u00e2nz\u0103rilor \u0219i tind s\u0103 scad\u0103 destul de rapid.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Este vorba despre solu\u021bii constructive, despre ceea ce \u00een limbajul profesional se nume\u0219te \u201efactor de form\u0103\u201d<\/b>. Cu alte cuvinte, \u00een ce form\u0103 sunt fabricate aceste componente de c\u0103tre produc\u0103tori. \u00cen prezent, pe pia\u021b\u0103 exist\u0103 trei factori de form\u0103<\/b>.<\/p>\n

\"Nu<\/p>\n

Primul<\/b> A\u0219a se nume\u0219te \u00abNVMe SSD\u00bb. Este o plac\u0103 de expansiune care se conecteaz\u0103 \u00een acelea\u0219i sloturi ca \u0219i placa grafic\u0103. Pentru un laptop, aceasta nu este potrivit\u0103. Totu\u0219i, nici pentru multe computere de birou, deoarece din ce \u00een ce mai multe sunt construite pe pl\u0103ci de baz\u0103 compacte, unde sloturile PCIe sunt adesea dou\u0103 sau chiar unu (care este de obicei ocupat de placa grafic\u0103).<\/p>\n

\"Nu<\/p>\n

Al doilea factor de form\u0103<\/b> \u2014 U2. La exterior, seam\u0103n\u0103 cu un hard disk obi\u0219nuit, dar este mult mai mic. U2 este de obicei folosit pe servere, a\u0219a c\u0103 un utilizator obi\u0219nuit probabil c\u0103 nu ar trebui s\u0103-l achizi\u021bioneze.<\/p>\n

\"Nu<\/p>\n

Al treilea \u2014 M2<\/b>. Acesta este cel mai dezvoltat factor de form\u0103. Este folosit activ \u00een laptopuri, iar de cur\u00e2nd este implementat \u0219i pe unele pl\u0103ci de baz\u0103 pentru computere de birou. Cu toate acestea, atunci c\u00e2nd achizi\u021biona\u021bi un M2, trebuie s\u0103 fi\u021bi foarte aten\u021bi, deoarece \u00een acest factor de form\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 se produc \u0219i SSD-uri SATA.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, aten\u021bia este necesar\u0103 \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd evalua\u021bi oportunitatea achizi\u021biei oric\u0103rui dintre factorii de form\u0103 men\u021biona\u021bi. La \u00eenceput, ar trebui s\u0103 evalua\u021bi dac\u0103 laptopul sau placa de baz\u0103 a PC-ului dumneavoastr\u0103 are sloturile necesare. \u0218i chiar dac\u0103 le are, este procesorul suficient de puternic, deoarece un procesor slab nu v\u0103 va permite s\u0103 sim\u021bi\u021bi avantajele SSD-ului. Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi toate acestea \u0219i \u00een plus opera\u021bi frecvent cu mari volume de date, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, NVMe SSD este ceea ce ave\u021bi nevoie.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cen numele publicit\u0103\u021bii<\/h4>\n

\nVDS cu NVMe SSD<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 este exact despre serverele virtuale ale companiei noastre.
\nFolosim deja de mult timp exclusiv unit\u0103\u021bi de stocare servere rapide de la Intel, nu economisim pe hardware, doar echipamente de marc\u0103 \u0219i unele dintre cele mai bune centre de date din Rusia \u0219i UE. Gr\u0103bi\u021bi-v\u0103 s\u0103 verifica\u021bi \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n

\"Nu<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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